Araştırma Makalesi
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Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with cerebral palsy in Duhok, Iraq: Case series

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 4, 02.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.663221

Öz

Aim: Magnetic resonance imaging is an important technique for evaluating structural abnormalities in the brain. Many neurologists and pediatricians refer cerebral palsy patients to conventional magnetic resonance imaging. The objective of this study was to assess magnetic resonance imaging findings in children with cerebral palsy and to research whether it can predict the etiology or pathogenesis of this disease.

Methods: This case study was carried out at Azadi General Hospital from the 1st of July 2016 until the 28th of February 2017. A total of 48 patients who were diagnosed with cerebral palsy were included in the study. They all underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging under general anaesthesia, and results were compared statistically. 

Results: The male to female ratio was 2.4:1. Magnetic resonance imaging was abnormal in 87.5%. Diffuse encephalopathy was seen in 56.2% of cases, periventricular leukomalacia was detected in 18.8%, changes of ischemic lesion were seen in 4.2 %, congenital malformations in 8.3% and normal scan was seen in 12.5% of cases. Among the clinical sub-types of cerebral palsy, spastic diplegia was the most common (47.9%), followed by spastic quadriplegia (35.4%), spastic hemiplegia (10.4%), and choreoathetoid cerebral palsy (6.3%). 

Conclusions: This study concluded that brain changes in magnetic resonance imaging can detect the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy and is diagnostic in congenital brain malformations.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Herskind A, Greisen G, Nielsen J. Early identification and intervention in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57:29-36.
  • 2. Robinson MN, Peake LJ, Ditchfield MR, Reid SM, Lanigan A, Reddihough DS. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a population‐based cohort of children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2009;51(1):39-45.
  • 3. Ashwal S, Russman B, Blasco P, Miller G, Sandler A, Shevell M, et al. Practice Parameter: Diagnostic assessment of the child with cerebral palsy Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology. 2004;62(6):851-63.
  • 4. Krägeloh‐Mann I. Horber V. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in elucidating the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2007;49(2):144-51.
  • 5. Al-Khalidi MJ. Clinical Presentations and CT-Scan findings in children with Cerebral Palsy. Iraqi J Comm Med. 2009;(1):40-7.
  • 6. Reid S, Dagia C, Ditchfield M, Reddihough D. Grey matter injury patterns in cerebral palsy: associations between structural involvement on MRI and clinical outcomes. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2015;57(12):1159-67.
  • 7. Hoon A, Vasconcellos-Faria A. Pathogenesis, neuroimaging and management in children with cerebral palsy born preterm. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews. 2010;16(4):302-12.
  • 8. Aggarwal A, Mittal H, Debnath S, Rai A. Neuroimaging in Cerebral Palsy–Report from North India. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology. 2013;7(4):41-6.
  • 9. Kareem A, Kamel M. Risk factors and clinical profiles in Iraqi children with cerebral palsy.The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine. 2009;5(3):64-8.
  • 10. Bax M, Tydeman C, Flodmark O. Clinical and MRI correlates of cerebral palsy: the European Cerebral Palsy Study. JAMA. 2006;296(13):1602-8.
  • 11. Al-Nadawi M, Al-Obeidy L, Umran R. CT S-can Changes in Patient with Cerebral Palsy. J Fac Med (Baghdad). 2002;44(3):498-500.
  • 12. Qing S, Cai Yun M, Nan L, Zhong-Li L, Yi-Bing Y, Zhi Rong W, et al. Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2015;9(4):1336-44.
  • 13. Prasad R, Verma N, Srivastava A, Das B, Mishra O. Magnetic resonance imaging, risk factors and co-morbidities in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of neurology. 2011;258(3):471-8.
  • 14. Benini R, Dagenais L, Shevell M. Normal Imaging in Patients with Cerebral Palsy: What Does It Tell Us?. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2013;162(2):369-74.
  • 15. Cabaj A, Bekiesińska-Figatowska M, Mądzik J. MRI patterns of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in preterm & full term infants-classical & less common MR findings. Pol J Radiol. 2013;77(3):71-6.
  • 16. Himmelman K, Harberg G, Beckung E, Harberg B. The Changing Panorama of Cerebral Palsy in Sweden. ix. Prevalence and origin in the birth period 1995-1998. Acta Paediatrica. 2005;94(3):287-94

Duhok, Irak’taki serebral palsili hastaların manyetik rezonans görüntüleme bulguları: Olgu serisi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 4, 02.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.663221

Öz

Amaç: Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme beyindeki yapısal anormallikleri değerlendirmek için önemli bir tekniktir. Birçok nörolog ve çocuk doktoru serebral palsi hastalarını konvansiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntülemeye yönlendirir. Bu çalışmanın amacı serebral palsili çocuklarda manyetik rezonans görüntüleme bulgularını değerlendirmek ve bu hastalığın etiyolojisini veya patogenezini öngörüp öngöremeyeceğini araştırmaktır.

Yöntemler: Bu vaka çalışması 1 Temmuz 2016 - 28 Şubat 2017 tarihleri arasında Azadi Genel Hastanesi'nde gerçekleştirildi. Serebral palsi tanısı alan toplam 48 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hepsine genel anestezi altında kraniyal manyetik rezonans görüntüleme yapıldı ve sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Erkek/kız oranı 2,4:1 idi. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme hastaların %87,5'inde anormaldi. Olguların %56,2'sinde diffüz ensefalopati, %18,8'inde periventriküler lökolazi, %4,2'sinde iskemik lezyon değişiklikleri, %8,3'ünde konjenital malformasyon ve %12,5'inde normal tarama saptandı. Serebral palsi klinik alt tipleri arasında en yaygın spastik dipleji (% 47,9), ardından spastik kuadripleji (%35,4), spastik hemipleji (%10,4) ve koreoetotoid serebral palsi (%6,3) gözlendi. 

Sonuç: Bu çalışma manyetik rezonans görüntülemede beyin değişikliklerinin serebral palsi patogenezini tespit edebildiği ve konjenital beyin malformasyonlarında tanısal olduğu sonucuna varmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Herskind A, Greisen G, Nielsen J. Early identification and intervention in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57:29-36.
  • 2. Robinson MN, Peake LJ, Ditchfield MR, Reid SM, Lanigan A, Reddihough DS. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in a population‐based cohort of children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2009;51(1):39-45.
  • 3. Ashwal S, Russman B, Blasco P, Miller G, Sandler A, Shevell M, et al. Practice Parameter: Diagnostic assessment of the child with cerebral palsy Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology. 2004;62(6):851-63.
  • 4. Krägeloh‐Mann I. Horber V. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in elucidating the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2007;49(2):144-51.
  • 5. Al-Khalidi MJ. Clinical Presentations and CT-Scan findings in children with Cerebral Palsy. Iraqi J Comm Med. 2009;(1):40-7.
  • 6. Reid S, Dagia C, Ditchfield M, Reddihough D. Grey matter injury patterns in cerebral palsy: associations between structural involvement on MRI and clinical outcomes. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2015;57(12):1159-67.
  • 7. Hoon A, Vasconcellos-Faria A. Pathogenesis, neuroimaging and management in children with cerebral palsy born preterm. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews. 2010;16(4):302-12.
  • 8. Aggarwal A, Mittal H, Debnath S, Rai A. Neuroimaging in Cerebral Palsy–Report from North India. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology. 2013;7(4):41-6.
  • 9. Kareem A, Kamel M. Risk factors and clinical profiles in Iraqi children with cerebral palsy.The New Iraqi Journal of Medicine. 2009;5(3):64-8.
  • 10. Bax M, Tydeman C, Flodmark O. Clinical and MRI correlates of cerebral palsy: the European Cerebral Palsy Study. JAMA. 2006;296(13):1602-8.
  • 11. Al-Nadawi M, Al-Obeidy L, Umran R. CT S-can Changes in Patient with Cerebral Palsy. J Fac Med (Baghdad). 2002;44(3):498-500.
  • 12. Qing S, Cai Yun M, Nan L, Zhong-Li L, Yi-Bing Y, Zhi Rong W, et al. Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2015;9(4):1336-44.
  • 13. Prasad R, Verma N, Srivastava A, Das B, Mishra O. Magnetic resonance imaging, risk factors and co-morbidities in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of neurology. 2011;258(3):471-8.
  • 14. Benini R, Dagenais L, Shevell M. Normal Imaging in Patients with Cerebral Palsy: What Does It Tell Us?. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2013;162(2):369-74.
  • 15. Cabaj A, Bekiesińska-Figatowska M, Mądzik J. MRI patterns of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in preterm & full term infants-classical & less common MR findings. Pol J Radiol. 2013;77(3):71-6.
  • 16. Himmelman K, Harberg G, Beckung E, Harberg B. The Changing Panorama of Cerebral Palsy in Sweden. ix. Prevalence and origin in the birth period 1995-1998. Acta Paediatrica. 2005;94(3):287-94
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sinirbilim, Nöroloji ve Nöromüsküler Hastalıklar
Bölüm Araştırma makalesi
Yazarlar

Saleem Khadir Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8375-4796

Sally Abdulmohsin Issa Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6525-1351

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ocak 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Khadir, S., & Abdulmohsin Issa, S. (2020). Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with cerebral palsy in Duhok, Iraq: Case series. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 4(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.663221
AMA Khadir S, Abdulmohsin Issa S. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with cerebral palsy in Duhok, Iraq: Case series. J Surg Med. Ocak 2020;4(1):1-4. doi:10.28982/josam.663221
Chicago Khadir, Saleem, ve Sally Abdulmohsin Issa. “Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients With Cerebral Palsy in Duhok, Iraq: Case Series”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4, sy. 1 (Ocak 2020): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.663221.
EndNote Khadir S, Abdulmohsin Issa S (01 Ocak 2020) Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with cerebral palsy in Duhok, Iraq: Case series. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4 1 1–4.
IEEE S. Khadir ve S. Abdulmohsin Issa, “Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with cerebral palsy in Duhok, Iraq: Case series”, J Surg Med, c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 1–4, 2020, doi: 10.28982/josam.663221.
ISNAD Khadir, Saleem - Abdulmohsin Issa, Sally. “Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients With Cerebral Palsy in Duhok, Iraq: Case Series”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4/1 (Ocak 2020), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.663221.
JAMA Khadir S, Abdulmohsin Issa S. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with cerebral palsy in Duhok, Iraq: Case series. J Surg Med. 2020;4:1–4.
MLA Khadir, Saleem ve Sally Abdulmohsin Issa. “Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients With Cerebral Palsy in Duhok, Iraq: Case Series”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, c. 4, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 1-4, doi:10.28982/josam.663221.
Vancouver Khadir S, Abdulmohsin Issa S. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with cerebral palsy in Duhok, Iraq: Case series. J Surg Med. 2020;4(1):1-4.