Psychometric Properties of Turkish Versions of the Non-Attachment Scale Short Form

Yıl 2024, , 279 - 294, 28.10.2024

Nuri Türk , Hasan Batmaz

https://doi.org/10.53047/josse.1552442

Öz

This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Non-Attachment Scale Short Form in a Turkish sample. With the participation of 244 adults over 18 years of age, the Short Form of the Nonattachment Scale, the Resilience Scale and the Ontological Addiction Scale were used as data collection tools. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficient were used for the reliability of the Non-Attachment Scale Short Form. According to the results of the analyses, the internal consistency coefficient and McDonald's value were found to be .77 and .78, respectively. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to test the construct validity of the scale. The results of the analyses showed that the model fit and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) values were at an acceptable level. Item factor loadings ranged between .40 and .67 and the scale was found to have a single factor structure. The statistically significant difference between the 27% lower and upper groups among the participants showed that the item discrimination index of the scale was at a good level. According to the correlation findings conducted to test the criterion validity of the scale, non-attachment was found to have positive significant relationships with resilience (r = .60) and negative significant relationships with ontological dependence (r = -.39). As a result, adaptation of the Short Form of the Non-Attachment Scale can be said to be a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attachment, non-attachment, validity, reliability

Kaynakça

• Barrows, P., Shonin, E., Sapthiang, S., Griffiths, M. D., Ducasse, D., & Van Gordon, W. (2022). The development and validation of the ontological addiction scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-28. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-022-00840-y
• Bowlby, J. (1979). The bowlby-ainsworth attachment theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(4), 637-638. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00064955
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Şekercioğlu, G., & Çokluk, Ö. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
• Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. (Eds.). (2018). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications. Guilford.
• Chio, F. H., Lai, M. H., & Mak, W. W. (2018). Development of the Nonattachment Scale-Short Form (NAS-SF) using item response theory. Mindfulness, 9, 1299-1308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0874-z
• DeVellis, R.F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
• Doğan, T. (2015). Kısa psikolojik sağlamlık ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
• Ekşi, H. & Şekerci, Ş. (2023). Ontolojik bağımlılık ölçeği Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. 5. Uluslararası Antalya Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve Yenilikçi Çalışmalar Kongresi, Antalya, Türkiye.
• Feliu-Soler, A., Soler, J., Luciano, J. V., Cebolla, A., Elices, M., Demarzo, M., & García-Campayo, J. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Nonattachment Scale (NAS) and its relationship with mindfulness, decentering, and mental health. Mindfulness, 7(5), 1156–1169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0558-0
• Goswami, S., Suresh, G., Brahmi, M., Sharma, G., & Kumar, J. (2024). Exploring Hindu-Buddhist philosophies: The role of quiet ego and non-attachment in fostering resilience among young Indians. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(6), 705-717.
• Gökdağ, C. (2021). How does interpersonal emotion regulation explain psychological distress? The roles of attachment style and social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 176, 110763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110763
• Hernández, A., Hidalgo, M. D., Hambleton, R. K., & Gómez Benito, J. (2020). International test commission guidelines for test adaptation: A criterion checklist. Psicothema, 32(3), 390–398. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2019.306
• Ho, C. Y., Ben, C. L., & Mak, W. W. (2022). Nonattachment mediates the associations between mindfulness, well-being, and psychological distress: A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Clinical Psychology Review, 95, 102175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102175
• Mak, W. W., Ng, S. M., & Yu, B. C. (2023). Nonattachment is associated with positive belief in humanity and life and well-Being during the Covid-19 pandemic. Mindfulness, 14(11), 2617-2625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02219-z
• Marofi, Z., Bandari, R., Heravi-Karimooi, M., Rejeh, N. & Montazeri, A. (2020). Cultural adoption, and validation of the Persian version of the coronary artery disease education questionnaire (CADE-Q): a second-order confirmatory factor analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 20, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01628-5
• Messina, I., Maniglio, R., & Spataro, P. (2023). Attachment insecurity and depression: The mediating role of interpersonal emotion regulation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 47(4), 637-647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10386-5
• Özbay, A., & Çelik, M. (2024). The mediating role of psychological resilience, anger, and hostility in university students’ attachment styles and life satisfaction. Children and Youth Services Review, 163, 107752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107752
• Roca, P., Diez, G., McNally, R., & Vazquez, C. (2020). The impact of compassion meditation training on psychological variables: A network perspective. Mindfulness, 12, 873–888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01552-x
• Sagone, E., Commodari, E., Indiana, M. L., & La Rosa, V. L. (2023). Exploring the association between attachment style, psychological well-being, and relationship status in young adults and adults—A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(3), 525-539. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13030040
• Sahdra, B. K., Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P. D., Marshall, S., & Heaven, P. (2015). Empathy and nonattachment independently predict peer nominations of prosocial behavior of adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 263.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00263
• Sahdra, B. K., Shaver, P. R., & Brown, K. W. (2010). A scale to measure nonattachment: A Buddhist complement to Western research on attachment and adaptive functioning. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(2), 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890903425960
• Shonin, E., Van Gordon, W., & Griffiths, M. D. (2014). The emerging role of Buddhism in clinical psychology: Towards effective integration. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6, 123–137.
• Siah, P. C. (2024). Non-attachment, sense of coherence and happiness: an examination of their relationships through the Buddhist concept of virtue-meditation-wisdom. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 1-16.https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2024.2342975
• Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194-200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
• Sys, S., Van Gordon, W., & Gilbert, P. (2024). A qualitative comparison of secular and Buddhist-informed mental health practitioners’ perceptions of non-attachment. Mindfulness, 15(2), 345-358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02291-5
• Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2018). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson.
• Tremblay, L., Van Gordon, W., & Elander, J. (2024). Toward greater clarity in defining and understanding nonattachment. Mindfulness, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02378-7
• Wallace, B. A. (2008). Genuine happiness: Meditation as the path to fulfillment. Turner Publishing Company.
• Weiss, J., Herwitz, C., & Waltz, J. (2014). Relationship of non-attachment to psychological symptomology. Depression, 88, 950.
• Whitehead, R., Bates, G., Elphinstone, B., Yang, Y., & Murray, G. (2018). Nonattachment mediates the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being, subjective well-being, and depression, anxiety and stress. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0041-9
• Yang, Y., Fletcher, K., Michalak, E., & Murray, G. (2020). An investigation of self-compassion and nonattachment to self in people with bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 262, 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.042
• Zhao, S. H., & Chen, B. H. (2013). Validation of the Non-attachment Scale in a Taiwanese sample. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 45, 121–139.