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Batı Türklerinin Erken Dönem Hükümdarı Silzibul'un Kimliği

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 7 - 30, 26.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.35236/jots.1441010

Öz

Silzibul, the early monarch of the Western Turks, can be identified as neither the Ištemi Qaghan, nor the Western Junior Qaghan of the Eastern Turks, Buli Qaghan. The name Silzibul cannot be decomposed into Silzi+bul, but should be decomposed into Sil+zibul. Its exact etymology comes from the Persian *srčypwk, which means “Lord Yabghu”. It is a Hephthalite style name given by the Persian monarch to the early Turkic monarch. A lot of evidence shows that Silzibul’s true identity should be the son of Ištemi and the brother of Tardu. Silzibul and Mughan Qaghan are not uncle and nephew but cousins. In the early days of the establishment of the Turkic state, the most powerful and critical founders were not the first-generation brothers Bumïn and Ištemi, but the second-generation cousins Mughan and Silzibul. The two conquered and pacified the Mongolian Plateau and Central Asia respectively and reigned for almost the same period, when the Eastern and Western Turkic countries were in a state of relatively independence and non-interference most of the time but supporting each other occasionally.

Kaynakça

  • Babayar, G. (2017). Batı Köktürk Kağanlığı’nın “Elbi İşbara Sır Cabgu-Kağan” Ünvanlı Sikkeleri. GLOBAL-Turk 2017, 3-4, 105-115.
  • Babayarov, G. (2007). On the orthography of the title ‘djabghu’ in the coins with Sogdian letters relation to the Chach epoch of the Western Turkic Qaghanate. (https://groups.yahoo.com/group/Sogdian-L/).
  • Blockley, R. C. (1985). The History of Menander the Guardsman. Liverpool: Francis Cairns.
  • Cen, Z. (1958a). 突厥集史 [A Compilation of Chinese Sources on the Early Turks]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
  • Cen, Z. (1958b). 西突厥史料補闕及考證 [Supplement and Textual Research on Western Turkic Historical Materials]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
  • Chavannes, É. (1903). Documents sur les Tou-Kiue (Turcs) Occidentaux. St. Pétersbourg: Commissionaires de l’Académie des Sciences.
  • Chen, K. (2022). 關於突厥木杆可汗的名號 [On the Epithets of Türk Mu-gan Qaghan]. 西域歷史語言研究集刊 [Historical and Philological Studies of China’s Western Regions]. 17, 43-55.
  • Chen, K. (2023). 《慧思陶勒盖碑》时代的突厥形势 [The Situation in Turkic World on the Era of Khüis Tolgoi Inscription]. 中国与域外 [Sino-foreign Relations History], 5, 21-59.
  • Chen, K. (2025). 西突厥Omega形徽記的主人與早期都陸部落 [The Owner of the Western Turkic Omega-shaped Tamga and the Early Dulu Tribe]. 歐亞學刊 [International Journal of Eurasian Studies]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
  • Daoxuan (2014). 續高僧傳 [Continued Biography of Eminent Monks]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
  • Dobrovits, M. (2004). A nyugati türkök első uralkodójáról. Antik Tanulmányok, 48(1-2), 111–114.
  • Dobrovits, M. (2008). Silziboulos. Archivum Ottomanicum, 25, 67-78.
  • Duan, L. (1988). 隋唐时期的薛延陀 [Xueyantuo during the Sui and Tang Dynasties]. Xi’an: Sanqin Publishing House.
  • Felfoldi, S. (2002). A Heftalita Birodalom bukásának kronológiája. Acta Historica (Szeged), 112, 63-87.
  • Feng, L. (2016). 高句丽与柔然的交通与联系—以大统十二年阳原王遣使之记载为中心 [The Communication and Connection between Goguryeo and Rouran - Focusing on the Records of the Envoys Sent by King Yangyuan in the Twelfth Year of Datong]. 社会科学战线 [Social Science Front], 8, 92-104.
  • Ghafurov, B. G. (2020). Tajiks I-II. Translated by Jamshedov, P. Dushanbe: Irfon.
  • Golden, P. B. (1980). Khazar Studies: An Historico-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.
  • Golden, P. B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • Guo, X. (2010). 漢字古音手册 [A Handbook of Ancient Pronunciation of Chinese Characters]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
  • Han, R. (1982). 穹庐集—元史及西北民族史研究 [Qionglu Collection - Research on the History of the Yuan Dynasty and the History of Northwest Ethnic Groups]. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House.
  • Harmatta, J. (1962). Byzantinoturcica. Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 10(1-3), 131–150.
  • La Vaissière, É. de (2010). Maurice et le Qaghan: à propos de la digression de Théophylacte Simocatta sur les Turcs. Revue des Études Byzantines, 68, 219-224.
  • La Vaissière, É. de (2015). Theophylact’s Turkish Exkurs revisited. In Schiltz, V. (Ed.), De Samarcande à Istanbul: étapes orientales, Hommages à Pierre Chuvin—II (91–102). Paris: CNRS Éditions.
  • Lin, C. (1982). 关于突厥与隋朝关系的几个问题 [Several Issues about the Relationship between the Turks and the Sui Dynasty]. In History Department of Yunnan University (Ed.), 史学论丛 [Historical Discourses], 1, 209–230.
  • Litvinsky, B. A. (1996). The Hephthalite Empire. In Litvinsky, B. A. (Ed.), History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume III: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750 (pp. 135–160). UNESCO Publishing.
  • Liu, B. (2013). 突厥汗国室点密政权的西征 [The Western Expedition of the Turkic Khanate Ištämi’s Regime]. 史志学刊 [Historical Journal], 6, 26–29.
  • Long, P. (2021). 罗马波斯战争研究(66BC-628AD) [Study of the Roman-Persian War (66BC–628AD)]. Xi’an: Northwest University. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis)
  • Lu, X. et al. (1996). 隋唐民族史 [National History of Sui and Tang Dynasties]. Chengdu: Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House.
  • Ma, C. (1957). 突厥人和突厥汗国 [The Turks and the Turkic Khanates]. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House.
  • Ma, S. (2002). 文白对照御批历代通鉴辑览 [Wenbai Comparison of Imperial Reviews and Comprehensive Reviews of All Dynasties]. Vol. 15. Beijing: International Culture Publishing Company.
  • Ma, X. (2008). 摩尼教与古代西域史研究 [Research on Manichaeism and the History of Ancient Western Regions]. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press.
  • Markwart, J. (1938). Wehrot und Arang: Untersuchungen zur mythischen und geschichtlichen Landeskunde von Ostiran. Leiden.
  • Marquart, J. (1901). Ērānšahr nach der Geographie des Ps. Moses Xorenac’i: Mit historisch-kritischem Kommentar und historischen und topographischen Exkursen. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.
  • Mas’udi (1863). Les Prairies d’Or. Arabic edition and French translation of Muruj al-dhahab by Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille. Paris: Imprimerie impériale.
  • Matsuda, H. (1970). 古代天山の歷史地理學的研究 [Geo-Historical Studies on the Ancient Tianshan Region]. Tokyo: Waseda Daigaku Shuppanbu.
  • Meng, K. & Yu, Z. (2022). 以室点密为中心再探突厥早期史 [Revisiting the Early History of the First Türk Khaganate with a Focus on Ištämi]. 历史研究 [Historical Research], 4, 165–187.
  • Mishin, D. E. (2014). Khosrov I Anushirvan (531-579), yego epokha i yego zhizneopisaniye i poucheniye v istorii Miskaveykha [Khosrow I Anushirvan (531-579), His Era and His Biography and Teachings in the History of Miskaveih]. Moscow: IV RAS.
  • Moravcsik, G. (1983). Byzantinoturcica II. Sprachreste der Türkvölker in den byzantinischen Quellen. 3. unv. Aufl. XXV. Leiden.
  • Naito, Midori (1988). 西突厥史の研究 [History of the Western Turks]. Tokyo: Waseda Daigaku Shuppanbu.
  • Pulleyblank, E. G. (1991). A Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese and Early Mandarin. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Ren, Baolei (2013). 新疆地区的突厥遗存与突厥史地研究 [Turkic Relics and Turkic History and Geography Research in Xinjiang]. Xi’an: Northwest University. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis)
  • Sinor, D. & Klyashtorny, S. G. (1996). The Türk Empire. In Litvinsky, B. A. (Ed.), History of Civilizations of Central Asia III: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750 (327-349). Multiple History Series, UNESCO Publishing.
  • Sinor, D. (1990). The Establishment and Dissolution of the Türk Empire. In Sinor, D. (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia (285-316). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Uchida, Ginpū (1975). 北アジア史研究:鮮卑柔然突厥篇 [North Asian History Studies II]. Kyoto: Dōhōsha Publishing Department.
  • Wang, Su (2000).高昌史稿 交通篇[Gaochang History Manuscript: Transportation]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House.
  • Wang, X. (1982). 阿波可汗是西突厥汗国的创始者—兼论突厥汗国的分裂与西突厥汗国的形成 [Apa Qaghan is the Founder of the Western Turkic Khanate - also on the Split of the Turkic Khanate and the Formation of the Western Turkic Khanate]. 历史研究 [Historical Research], 2, 17–36.
  • Wang, Z. (2015). 西突厥与萨珊波斯合击嚈哒始末 [The Beginning and End of the Joint Attack between Western Turks and Sasanian Persia]. 昌吉学院学报 [Journal of Changji College], 3, 14–22.
  • Wu, Y. (1988). 西突厥新考—兼论《隋书》与《通典》两《唐书》之“西突厥” [New Study on the Western Turks - Also on the “Western Turks” in Suishu and Tongdian, and two Tangshu]. 西北民族研究 [Northwestern Journal of Ethnology], 1, 111–130.
  • Xu, X. (2004). 突厥在北周灭北齐中的作用 [The Role of the Turks in the Northern Zhou Dynasty's Destruction of the Northern Qi Dynasty]. 历史教学 [History Teaching], 11, 23–28.
  • Xue, Z. (2007). 麴伯雅生平析疑—麴氏高昌与突厥木杆、室点密两大汗系及隋朝的关系 [An Analysis of Doubts about the Life of Qu Boya - the Relationship between Qu’s Gaochang and the Two Major Qaghan Lineages of Turkic Mugan and Shidianmi and the Sui Dynasty]. 敦煌学辑刊 [Dunhuang Academic Journal], 2, 121–142.
  • Yoshida, Y. (2019). Sogdian version of the Bugut inscription revisited. Journal Asiatique, 307(1), 97–108.
  • Yu, T. (2012a). 嚈噠史研究 [A Study of the Hephthalite History]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
  • Yu, T. (2012b). 古代地中海和中國關係史研究 [A Study of the Relations between China and the Mediterranean World in Ancient Times]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
  • Zhao, S. (2022). 《北周迎后》及北周政权对甘州的经略—以碑刻史料为中心 [“The Northern Zhou Dynasty Welcomes the Empress” and the Northern Zhou Dynasty’s Management Strategy of Ganzhou - Focusing on the Historical Materials of the Inscriptions]. 敦煌学辑刊 [Dunhuang Academic Journal], 2022(2), 157–168.
  • Zhu, Z. (2015a). 西突厥與隋朝關係史研究(581~617) [Research on the History of the Relationship between Western Turks and Sui Dynasty (581–617)]. New Taipei: Daoxiang Publishing House.
  • Zhu, Z. (2015b). 北周武德皇后墓志考释研究 [A Textual Research on the Epitaph of Empress Wude of the Northern Zhou Dynasty]. Ed. Du Wenyu. 唐史论丛 [Tang History Series], 20, 296-328.

The Identity of Silzibul, the Early Monarch of Western Turks

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 7 - 30, 26.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.35236/jots.1441010

Öz

Silzibul, the early monarch of the Western Turks, can be identified as neither the Ištemi Qaghan, nor the Western Junior Qaghan of the Eastern Turks, Buli Qaghan. The name Silzibul cannot be decomposed into Silzi+bul, but should be decomposed into Sil+zibul. Its exact etymology comes from the Persian *srčypwk, which means “Lord Yabghu”. It is a Hephthalite style name given by the Persian monarch to the early Turkic monarch. A lot of evidence shows that Silzibul’s true identity should be the son of Ištemi and the brother of Tardu. Silzibul and Mughan Qaghan are not uncle and nephew but cousins. In the early days of the establishment of the Turkic state, the most powerful and critical founders were not the first-generation brothers Bumïn and Ištemi, but the second-generation cousins Mughan and Silzibul. The two conquered and pacified the Mongolian Plateau and Central Asia respectively and reigned for almost the same period, when the Eastern and Western Turkic countries were in a state of relatively independence and non-interference most of the time but supporting each other occasionally.

Kaynakça

  • Babayar, G. (2017). Batı Köktürk Kağanlığı’nın “Elbi İşbara Sır Cabgu-Kağan” Ünvanlı Sikkeleri. GLOBAL-Turk 2017, 3-4, 105-115.
  • Babayarov, G. (2007). On the orthography of the title ‘djabghu’ in the coins with Sogdian letters relation to the Chach epoch of the Western Turkic Qaghanate. (https://groups.yahoo.com/group/Sogdian-L/).
  • Blockley, R. C. (1985). The History of Menander the Guardsman. Liverpool: Francis Cairns.
  • Cen, Z. (1958a). 突厥集史 [A Compilation of Chinese Sources on the Early Turks]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
  • Cen, Z. (1958b). 西突厥史料補闕及考證 [Supplement and Textual Research on Western Turkic Historical Materials]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
  • Chavannes, É. (1903). Documents sur les Tou-Kiue (Turcs) Occidentaux. St. Pétersbourg: Commissionaires de l’Académie des Sciences.
  • Chen, K. (2022). 關於突厥木杆可汗的名號 [On the Epithets of Türk Mu-gan Qaghan]. 西域歷史語言研究集刊 [Historical and Philological Studies of China’s Western Regions]. 17, 43-55.
  • Chen, K. (2023). 《慧思陶勒盖碑》时代的突厥形势 [The Situation in Turkic World on the Era of Khüis Tolgoi Inscription]. 中国与域外 [Sino-foreign Relations History], 5, 21-59.
  • Chen, K. (2025). 西突厥Omega形徽記的主人與早期都陸部落 [The Owner of the Western Turkic Omega-shaped Tamga and the Early Dulu Tribe]. 歐亞學刊 [International Journal of Eurasian Studies]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
  • Daoxuan (2014). 續高僧傳 [Continued Biography of Eminent Monks]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company.
  • Dobrovits, M. (2004). A nyugati türkök első uralkodójáról. Antik Tanulmányok, 48(1-2), 111–114.
  • Dobrovits, M. (2008). Silziboulos. Archivum Ottomanicum, 25, 67-78.
  • Duan, L. (1988). 隋唐时期的薛延陀 [Xueyantuo during the Sui and Tang Dynasties]. Xi’an: Sanqin Publishing House.
  • Felfoldi, S. (2002). A Heftalita Birodalom bukásának kronológiája. Acta Historica (Szeged), 112, 63-87.
  • Feng, L. (2016). 高句丽与柔然的交通与联系—以大统十二年阳原王遣使之记载为中心 [The Communication and Connection between Goguryeo and Rouran - Focusing on the Records of the Envoys Sent by King Yangyuan in the Twelfth Year of Datong]. 社会科学战线 [Social Science Front], 8, 92-104.
  • Ghafurov, B. G. (2020). Tajiks I-II. Translated by Jamshedov, P. Dushanbe: Irfon.
  • Golden, P. B. (1980). Khazar Studies: An Historico-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.
  • Golden, P. B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
  • Guo, X. (2010). 漢字古音手册 [A Handbook of Ancient Pronunciation of Chinese Characters]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
  • Han, R. (1982). 穹庐集—元史及西北民族史研究 [Qionglu Collection - Research on the History of the Yuan Dynasty and the History of Northwest Ethnic Groups]. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House.
  • Harmatta, J. (1962). Byzantinoturcica. Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 10(1-3), 131–150.
  • La Vaissière, É. de (2010). Maurice et le Qaghan: à propos de la digression de Théophylacte Simocatta sur les Turcs. Revue des Études Byzantines, 68, 219-224.
  • La Vaissière, É. de (2015). Theophylact’s Turkish Exkurs revisited. In Schiltz, V. (Ed.), De Samarcande à Istanbul: étapes orientales, Hommages à Pierre Chuvin—II (91–102). Paris: CNRS Éditions.
  • Lin, C. (1982). 关于突厥与隋朝关系的几个问题 [Several Issues about the Relationship between the Turks and the Sui Dynasty]. In History Department of Yunnan University (Ed.), 史学论丛 [Historical Discourses], 1, 209–230.
  • Litvinsky, B. A. (1996). The Hephthalite Empire. In Litvinsky, B. A. (Ed.), History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume III: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750 (pp. 135–160). UNESCO Publishing.
  • Liu, B. (2013). 突厥汗国室点密政权的西征 [The Western Expedition of the Turkic Khanate Ištämi’s Regime]. 史志学刊 [Historical Journal], 6, 26–29.
  • Long, P. (2021). 罗马波斯战争研究(66BC-628AD) [Study of the Roman-Persian War (66BC–628AD)]. Xi’an: Northwest University. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis)
  • Lu, X. et al. (1996). 隋唐民族史 [National History of Sui and Tang Dynasties]. Chengdu: Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House.
  • Ma, C. (1957). 突厥人和突厥汗国 [The Turks and the Turkic Khanates]. Shanghai: Shanghai People’s Publishing House.
  • Ma, S. (2002). 文白对照御批历代通鉴辑览 [Wenbai Comparison of Imperial Reviews and Comprehensive Reviews of All Dynasties]. Vol. 15. Beijing: International Culture Publishing Company.
  • Ma, X. (2008). 摩尼教与古代西域史研究 [Research on Manichaeism and the History of Ancient Western Regions]. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press.
  • Markwart, J. (1938). Wehrot und Arang: Untersuchungen zur mythischen und geschichtlichen Landeskunde von Ostiran. Leiden.
  • Marquart, J. (1901). Ērānšahr nach der Geographie des Ps. Moses Xorenac’i: Mit historisch-kritischem Kommentar und historischen und topographischen Exkursen. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.
  • Mas’udi (1863). Les Prairies d’Or. Arabic edition and French translation of Muruj al-dhahab by Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille. Paris: Imprimerie impériale.
  • Matsuda, H. (1970). 古代天山の歷史地理學的研究 [Geo-Historical Studies on the Ancient Tianshan Region]. Tokyo: Waseda Daigaku Shuppanbu.
  • Meng, K. & Yu, Z. (2022). 以室点密为中心再探突厥早期史 [Revisiting the Early History of the First Türk Khaganate with a Focus on Ištämi]. 历史研究 [Historical Research], 4, 165–187.
  • Mishin, D. E. (2014). Khosrov I Anushirvan (531-579), yego epokha i yego zhizneopisaniye i poucheniye v istorii Miskaveykha [Khosrow I Anushirvan (531-579), His Era and His Biography and Teachings in the History of Miskaveih]. Moscow: IV RAS.
  • Moravcsik, G. (1983). Byzantinoturcica II. Sprachreste der Türkvölker in den byzantinischen Quellen. 3. unv. Aufl. XXV. Leiden.
  • Naito, Midori (1988). 西突厥史の研究 [History of the Western Turks]. Tokyo: Waseda Daigaku Shuppanbu.
  • Pulleyblank, E. G. (1991). A Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese and Early Mandarin. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Ren, Baolei (2013). 新疆地区的突厥遗存与突厥史地研究 [Turkic Relics and Turkic History and Geography Research in Xinjiang]. Xi’an: Northwest University. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis)
  • Sinor, D. & Klyashtorny, S. G. (1996). The Türk Empire. In Litvinsky, B. A. (Ed.), History of Civilizations of Central Asia III: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750 (327-349). Multiple History Series, UNESCO Publishing.
  • Sinor, D. (1990). The Establishment and Dissolution of the Türk Empire. In Sinor, D. (Ed.), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia (285-316). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Uchida, Ginpū (1975). 北アジア史研究:鮮卑柔然突厥篇 [North Asian History Studies II]. Kyoto: Dōhōsha Publishing Department.
  • Wang, Su (2000).高昌史稿 交通篇[Gaochang History Manuscript: Transportation]. Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House.
  • Wang, X. (1982). 阿波可汗是西突厥汗国的创始者—兼论突厥汗国的分裂与西突厥汗国的形成 [Apa Qaghan is the Founder of the Western Turkic Khanate - also on the Split of the Turkic Khanate and the Formation of the Western Turkic Khanate]. 历史研究 [Historical Research], 2, 17–36.
  • Wang, Z. (2015). 西突厥与萨珊波斯合击嚈哒始末 [The Beginning and End of the Joint Attack between Western Turks and Sasanian Persia]. 昌吉学院学报 [Journal of Changji College], 3, 14–22.
  • Wu, Y. (1988). 西突厥新考—兼论《隋书》与《通典》两《唐书》之“西突厥” [New Study on the Western Turks - Also on the “Western Turks” in Suishu and Tongdian, and two Tangshu]. 西北民族研究 [Northwestern Journal of Ethnology], 1, 111–130.
  • Xu, X. (2004). 突厥在北周灭北齐中的作用 [The Role of the Turks in the Northern Zhou Dynasty's Destruction of the Northern Qi Dynasty]. 历史教学 [History Teaching], 11, 23–28.
  • Xue, Z. (2007). 麴伯雅生平析疑—麴氏高昌与突厥木杆、室点密两大汗系及隋朝的关系 [An Analysis of Doubts about the Life of Qu Boya - the Relationship between Qu’s Gaochang and the Two Major Qaghan Lineages of Turkic Mugan and Shidianmi and the Sui Dynasty]. 敦煌学辑刊 [Dunhuang Academic Journal], 2, 121–142.
  • Yoshida, Y. (2019). Sogdian version of the Bugut inscription revisited. Journal Asiatique, 307(1), 97–108.
  • Yu, T. (2012a). 嚈噠史研究 [A Study of the Hephthalite History]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
  • Yu, T. (2012b). 古代地中海和中國關係史研究 [A Study of the Relations between China and the Mediterranean World in Ancient Times]. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
  • Zhao, S. (2022). 《北周迎后》及北周政权对甘州的经略—以碑刻史料为中心 [“The Northern Zhou Dynasty Welcomes the Empress” and the Northern Zhou Dynasty’s Management Strategy of Ganzhou - Focusing on the Historical Materials of the Inscriptions]. 敦煌学辑刊 [Dunhuang Academic Journal], 2022(2), 157–168.
  • Zhu, Z. (2015a). 西突厥與隋朝關係史研究(581~617) [Research on the History of the Relationship between Western Turks and Sui Dynasty (581–617)]. New Taipei: Daoxiang Publishing House.
  • Zhu, Z. (2015b). 北周武德皇后墓志考释研究 [A Textual Research on the Epitaph of Empress Wude of the Northern Zhou Dynasty]. Ed. Du Wenyu. 唐史论丛 [Tang History Series], 20, 296-328.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

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Erken Görünüm Tarihi 20 Şubat 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Şubat 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 7 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Chen, K. (2025). The Identity of Silzibul, the Early Monarch of Western Turks. Journal of Old Turkic Studies, 9(1), 7-30. https://doi.org/10.35236/jots.1441010