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Yenilikçi Bir Yaklaşım Olarak E-Katılımcı Bütçeleme

Yıl 2024, , 127 - 149, 14.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2024-1556429

Öz

Bu çalışma, katılımcı bütçeleme ve dijital araçlarla güçlendirilmiş versiyonu olan e-katılımcı bütçelemenin gelişimini incelemektedir. Katılımcı bütçeleme, ilk olarak 1989 yılında Brezilya’nın Porto Alegre şehrinde uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu süreç, vatandaşların kamu kaynaklarının tahsisine ilişkin kararlara doğrudan katılımını sağlayarak şeffaflık ve hesap verebilirlik gibi ilkeleri ön plana çıkarmıştır. Gelenekselbütçelemeyöntemlerinde,kaynaktahsisikararlarıbürokratlartarafından alınmaktayken, katılımcı bütçeleme modeli ile vatandaşlar bu süreçlerde aktif bir şekilde yer almaya başlamıştır. Ancak, katılımcı bütçeleme uygulamaları otuz yılı aşkın bir süredir devam etmesine rağmen zaman ve ulaşım maliyetleri gibi faktörler nedeniyle vatandaş katılımı sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu eksikliklerin aşılması amacıyla bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin entegre edilmesiyle e-katılımcı bütçeleme modeli geliştirilmiştir. E-katılımcı bütçeleme, vatandaşların çevrimiçi platformlar üzerinden bütçeleme süreçlerine katılımını sağlayarak, katılım maliyetlerini azaltmakta ve daha geniş kitlelere ulaşmayı mümkün kılmaktadır. Ayrıca bu model, vatandaşlarınfikirlerinidaharahatifadeetmelerinisağlamaktaveoylamasüreçlerini daha demokratik bir hale getirmektedir. Türkiye’de, e-katılımcı bütçeleme uygulamaları sınırlı bir ölçekte, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi, İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi ve Antalya MuratpaşaBelediyesi tarafından hayata geçirilmiştir. İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi, e-katılımcı bütçeleme konusunda nispeten başarılı bir örnek olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, Türkiye’deki e-katılımcı bütçeleme süreçlerinin mevcut durumunu ve potansiyelini incelemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alfaro, C., Javier, G., & Rios, J. (2010). From Participatory to E-Participatory Budgets. E-Democracy: A Group Decision and Negotiation Perspective (C. 5, ss. 283-299). New York: Springer. google scholar
  • Alkan, F., & Yıldız, F. (2019). Bütçelemede Yeni Yaklaşımlar: Katılımcı Bütçeleme ve Vatandaş Bütçesi. Güncel Gelişmeler Perspektifinden Kamu Maliyesinde Seçme Konular (2. bs, ss. 31-52). Ankara: Savaş Yayınevi. google scholar
  • Antalya Muratpaşa Belediyesi (2024). Muratpaşa Komşu Meclisi. https://komsumeclisi.com/icerik/5, Erişim: 08.02.2024. google scholar
  • Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216-224. google scholar
  • Başaran Uysal, A. (2013). Katılımcı Senaryo Tekniği Yardımıyla Tarihi Kentsel Alan İçin İyileştirme Stratejisinin Belirlenmesi. METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 30(2), 137-162. google scholar
  • Belediye Kanunu (2005). 5393 Sayılı Belediye Kanunu. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5393.pdf, Erişim: 09.02.2024. google scholar
  • Bonney, R., Ballard, H., Jordan, R., McCallie, E., Phillips, T., Shirk, J., & Wilderman, C. C. (2009). Public Participation in Scientific Research: Defining The Field and Assessing Its Potential for Informal Science Education. A CAISE Inquiry Group Report. google scholar
  • Cooke, B., & Kothari, U. (2001). Participation: The New Tyranny? London: Zed Books. google scholar
  • Cornwall, A. (2008). Unpacking ‘Participation’: Models, Meanings and Practices. Community Development Journal, 43(3), 269-283. google scholar
  • Crocker, D. A. (2007). Deliberative Participation in Local Development. Journal of Human Development, 8(3), 431-455. google scholar
  • De Sousa Santos, B. (1998). Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre: Toward a Redistributive Democracy. Politics & Society, 26(4), 461-510. google scholar
  • Ergen, Z. (2012). Yönetimden Yönetişime: Katılımcı Bütçeleme Modeli. Maliye Dergisi, (163), 316-334. google scholar
  • Esener, S. Ç., & Karayılmaz, C. (2018). Mahalli İdareler Maliyesi Açısından Yönetimden Yönetime Geçiş ve Katılımcı Bütçe Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Bandırma: Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi 765-779. google scholar
  • Euractiv (2023). Participatory Budgeting: Europe’s Bet to Increase Trust in Government. https://www.euractiv.com/section/ participatory-democracy/infographic/participatory-budgeting-europes-bet-to-increase-trust-in-government/, Erişim: 29.01.2024. google scholar
  • Goldfrank, B. (2007). Lessons from Latin America’s Experience with Participatory Budgeting. Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. google scholar
  • Goldfrank, B. (2012). The World Bank and the Globalization of Participatory Budgeting. Journal of Public Deliberation, 8(2), 1-18. google scholar
  • Haklay, M. (2012). Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information: Overview and Typology Of Participation. In D. Sui, S. Elwood, and M. Goodchild (Eds.), Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Theory and Practice (pp. 105-122). Springer. google scholar
  • Huttunen, S., Ojanen, M., Ott, A., & Saarikoski, H. (2022). What About Citizens? A Literature Review of Citizen Engagement in Sustainability Transitions Research. Energy Research & Social Science, 91, 102714. google scholar
  • İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (2023). Bütçe Senin İstanbul. https://butcesenin.istanbul, Erişim: 12.01.2023. google scholar
  • İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (2024). Bütçe Senin İstanbul. https://butcesenin.istanbul, Erişim: 29.01.2024. google scholar
  • İstanbul Kent Konseyi (2023). İBB, İstanbul’un İlk Katılımcı Bütçesini Hazırlıyor. https://istanbulkentkonseyi.org.tr/ ibb- istanbulun- ilk- katilimci- butcesini- hazirliyor/, Erişim: 23.01.2023. google scholar
  • İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi (2024). Bizİzmir. https://www.izmir.bel.tr/tr/Projeler/bizizmir/2607/4, Erişim: 17.02.2024. google scholar
  • Kesby, M. (2005). Retheorizing Empowerment-Through-Participation as a Performance in Space: Beyond Tyranny To Transformation. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30(4), 2037-2065. google scholar
  • Krabina, B. (2016). The E-Participation Ladder-Advancing from Unawareness to Impact Participation. In CeDEM16 Proceedings of the International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (pp. 18-20), Danube University Krems, Austria, 18-20 May 2016. google scholar
  • Lasulaitis, S., Nebot, C. P., Silva, E. C., & Sampaio, R. C. (2019). Interactivity And Policy Cycle Within Electronic Participatory Budgeting: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Public Administration, 53(6), 1091-1115. google scholar
  • M®r0e, A. R., Norta, A., Tsap, V., & Pappel, I. (2021). Increasing Citizen Participation in E-participatory Budgeting Processes. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 18(2), 1-23. google scholar
  • Marques, D. R. A. (2022). Citizen Science: Exploring The Underlying Dimensions of Citizen Engagement and Value Co-Creation in A Biodiversity Online Platform. Unpublished Master Dissertation, Universidade do Minho, Escola de Economia e Gestao. google scholar
  • Marquetti, A., Schonerwald da Silva, C. E., & Campbell, A. (2012). Participatory Economic Democracy in Action: Partipatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre, 1989-2004. Review of Radical Political Economics, 44(1), 1-29. google scholar
  • Masud, H., Kumagai, S., & Grandvoinnet, H. (2019). Mainstreaming Citizen Engagement through the World google scholar
  • Bank Group’s Country Engagement Model. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34074/ Mainstreaming-Citizen-Engagement-through-the-World-Bank-Group-sCountry-Engagement-Model.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12.01.2024). google scholar
  • McCarthy, J., & Wright, P. (2015). Taking [a] part: The Politics and Aesthetics of Participation in Experience-Centered Design. MIT Press. google scholar
  • McGee, R. (2003). Legal Frameworks for Citizen Participation: Synthesis Report (ss. 1-78). LogoLink. google scholar
  • Mioriand, V., & Russo, D. (2011). Integrating Online and Traditional Involvement in Participatory Budgeting. Electronic Journal of e-Government, 9(1), 41-57. google scholar
  • Moynihan, D. P. (2003). Normative and Instrumental Perspectives on Public Participation Citizen Summits in Washington D.C. The American Review of Public Administration, 33(2), 164-188. google scholar
  • Moynihan, D. P. (2007). Citizen Participation in Budgeting: Prospects for Developing Countries. Participatory Budgeting (ss. 55-87). Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. google scholar
  • Neef A & Neubert D (2011). Stakeholder Participation in Agricultural Research Projects: A Conceptual Framework for Reflection and Decision-Making. Agricultural Human Values 28(2):179-194. google scholar
  • Özen, A., Atılgan Yaşa, A., & Demirhan, H. (2016). Katılımcı Bütçeleme Anlayışı Çerçevesinde İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi’nin 2015-2019 Stratejik Planının Değerlendirilmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59), 1296-1310. google scholar
  • Peixoto, T. (2008). E-Participatory Budgeting: E-Democracy From Theory to Success? SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-20. google scholar
  • Peixoto, T. (2009). Beyond Theory: E-Participatory Budgeting and its Promises for eParticipation. European Journal of ePractice, 7, 1-9. google scholar
  • Pretty, J. N. (1995). Participatory Learning for Sustainable Agriculture. World Development, 23(8), 1247-1263. google scholar
  • Sakınç, S., & Aybarç Bursalıoğlu, S. (2004). Bütçelemede Demokratik Bir Değişim: Katılımcı Bütçeleme. Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges, 1-10. google scholar
  • Sgueo, G. (2016). Participatory Budgeting an Innovative Approach (s. 7). European Parliament. google scholar
  • Shah, A. (2007). Overview. Participatory Budgeting (ss. 1-18). Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. google scholar
  • Staeheli, L. A., Mitchell, D., & Gibson, K. (2002). Conflicting Rights to the City in New York’s Community Gardens. GeoJournal, 58, 197-205. google scholar
  • Ton, K. T., Gaillard, J. C., Adamson, C. E., Akgungor, C., & Ho, H. T. (2021). Human Agency in Disaster Risk Reduction: Theoretical Foundations and Empirical Evidence from People with Disabilities. Environmental Hazards, 20(5), 514-532. google scholar
  • Wampler, B. (2000). A Guide to Participatory Budgeting. 1-32. google scholar
  • Wampler, B. (2007). A Guide to Participatory Budgeting. Participatory Budgeting (ss. 21-54). Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. google scholar
  • White, S. C. (1996). Depoliticising Development: The Uses and Abuses of Participation. Development in Practice, 6(1), 6-15. google scholar
  • World Atlas (2023). Participatory Budgeting. https://www.pbatlas.net/world.html, Erişim: 08.01.2023. google scholar

E-Participatory Budgeting as an Innovative Approach

Yıl 2024, , 127 - 149, 14.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2024-1556429

Öz

This study examines the development of participatory budgeting and its enhanced version, e-participatory budgeting, which incorporates digital tools. Participatory budgeting was first implemented in 1989 in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. This processbroughttransparencyandaccountabilitytotheforefrontbyallowingcitizens to directly participate in decisions related to the allocation of public resources. In traditional budgeting methods, resource allocation decisions were made by bureaucrats, but with the participatory budgeting model, citizens began to play an active role in these processes. However, despite the participatory budgeting model being in use for over thirty years, citizen participation remained limited due to factors such as time and transportation costs. To overcome these limitations, the e-participatory budgeting model was developed by integrating information and communication technologies. E-participatory budgeting allows citizens to participate in the budgeting process via online platforms, reducing participation costs and making it possible to reach a wider audience. Additionally, this model enables citizens to express their opinions more easily and makes voting processes more democratic.
In Türkiye, e-participatory budgeting have been implemented on a limited scale by İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, and Antalya Muratpaşa Municipality. İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality stands out as a relatively successful example of e-participatory budgeting. Thus forms the focal point of this study. This study examines the current state and potential of e-participatory budgeting processes in Türkiye.

Kaynakça

  • Alfaro, C., Javier, G., & Rios, J. (2010). From Participatory to E-Participatory Budgets. E-Democracy: A Group Decision and Negotiation Perspective (C. 5, ss. 283-299). New York: Springer. google scholar
  • Alkan, F., & Yıldız, F. (2019). Bütçelemede Yeni Yaklaşımlar: Katılımcı Bütçeleme ve Vatandaş Bütçesi. Güncel Gelişmeler Perspektifinden Kamu Maliyesinde Seçme Konular (2. bs, ss. 31-52). Ankara: Savaş Yayınevi. google scholar
  • Antalya Muratpaşa Belediyesi (2024). Muratpaşa Komşu Meclisi. https://komsumeclisi.com/icerik/5, Erişim: 08.02.2024. google scholar
  • Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216-224. google scholar
  • Başaran Uysal, A. (2013). Katılımcı Senaryo Tekniği Yardımıyla Tarihi Kentsel Alan İçin İyileştirme Stratejisinin Belirlenmesi. METU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 30(2), 137-162. google scholar
  • Belediye Kanunu (2005). 5393 Sayılı Belediye Kanunu. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5393.pdf, Erişim: 09.02.2024. google scholar
  • Bonney, R., Ballard, H., Jordan, R., McCallie, E., Phillips, T., Shirk, J., & Wilderman, C. C. (2009). Public Participation in Scientific Research: Defining The Field and Assessing Its Potential for Informal Science Education. A CAISE Inquiry Group Report. google scholar
  • Cooke, B., & Kothari, U. (2001). Participation: The New Tyranny? London: Zed Books. google scholar
  • Cornwall, A. (2008). Unpacking ‘Participation’: Models, Meanings and Practices. Community Development Journal, 43(3), 269-283. google scholar
  • Crocker, D. A. (2007). Deliberative Participation in Local Development. Journal of Human Development, 8(3), 431-455. google scholar
  • De Sousa Santos, B. (1998). Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre: Toward a Redistributive Democracy. Politics & Society, 26(4), 461-510. google scholar
  • Ergen, Z. (2012). Yönetimden Yönetişime: Katılımcı Bütçeleme Modeli. Maliye Dergisi, (163), 316-334. google scholar
  • Esener, S. Ç., & Karayılmaz, C. (2018). Mahalli İdareler Maliyesi Açısından Yönetimden Yönetime Geçiş ve Katılımcı Bütçe Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Bandırma: Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi 765-779. google scholar
  • Euractiv (2023). Participatory Budgeting: Europe’s Bet to Increase Trust in Government. https://www.euractiv.com/section/ participatory-democracy/infographic/participatory-budgeting-europes-bet-to-increase-trust-in-government/, Erişim: 29.01.2024. google scholar
  • Goldfrank, B. (2007). Lessons from Latin America’s Experience with Participatory Budgeting. Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. google scholar
  • Goldfrank, B. (2012). The World Bank and the Globalization of Participatory Budgeting. Journal of Public Deliberation, 8(2), 1-18. google scholar
  • Haklay, M. (2012). Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information: Overview and Typology Of Participation. In D. Sui, S. Elwood, and M. Goodchild (Eds.), Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) in Theory and Practice (pp. 105-122). Springer. google scholar
  • Huttunen, S., Ojanen, M., Ott, A., & Saarikoski, H. (2022). What About Citizens? A Literature Review of Citizen Engagement in Sustainability Transitions Research. Energy Research & Social Science, 91, 102714. google scholar
  • İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (2023). Bütçe Senin İstanbul. https://butcesenin.istanbul, Erişim: 12.01.2023. google scholar
  • İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (2024). Bütçe Senin İstanbul. https://butcesenin.istanbul, Erişim: 29.01.2024. google scholar
  • İstanbul Kent Konseyi (2023). İBB, İstanbul’un İlk Katılımcı Bütçesini Hazırlıyor. https://istanbulkentkonseyi.org.tr/ ibb- istanbulun- ilk- katilimci- butcesini- hazirliyor/, Erişim: 23.01.2023. google scholar
  • İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi (2024). Bizİzmir. https://www.izmir.bel.tr/tr/Projeler/bizizmir/2607/4, Erişim: 17.02.2024. google scholar
  • Kesby, M. (2005). Retheorizing Empowerment-Through-Participation as a Performance in Space: Beyond Tyranny To Transformation. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30(4), 2037-2065. google scholar
  • Krabina, B. (2016). The E-Participation Ladder-Advancing from Unawareness to Impact Participation. In CeDEM16 Proceedings of the International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (pp. 18-20), Danube University Krems, Austria, 18-20 May 2016. google scholar
  • Lasulaitis, S., Nebot, C. P., Silva, E. C., & Sampaio, R. C. (2019). Interactivity And Policy Cycle Within Electronic Participatory Budgeting: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Public Administration, 53(6), 1091-1115. google scholar
  • M®r0e, A. R., Norta, A., Tsap, V., & Pappel, I. (2021). Increasing Citizen Participation in E-participatory Budgeting Processes. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 18(2), 1-23. google scholar
  • Marques, D. R. A. (2022). Citizen Science: Exploring The Underlying Dimensions of Citizen Engagement and Value Co-Creation in A Biodiversity Online Platform. Unpublished Master Dissertation, Universidade do Minho, Escola de Economia e Gestao. google scholar
  • Marquetti, A., Schonerwald da Silva, C. E., & Campbell, A. (2012). Participatory Economic Democracy in Action: Partipatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre, 1989-2004. Review of Radical Political Economics, 44(1), 1-29. google scholar
  • Masud, H., Kumagai, S., & Grandvoinnet, H. (2019). Mainstreaming Citizen Engagement through the World google scholar
  • Bank Group’s Country Engagement Model. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34074/ Mainstreaming-Citizen-Engagement-through-the-World-Bank-Group-sCountry-Engagement-Model.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 12.01.2024). google scholar
  • McCarthy, J., & Wright, P. (2015). Taking [a] part: The Politics and Aesthetics of Participation in Experience-Centered Design. MIT Press. google scholar
  • McGee, R. (2003). Legal Frameworks for Citizen Participation: Synthesis Report (ss. 1-78). LogoLink. google scholar
  • Mioriand, V., & Russo, D. (2011). Integrating Online and Traditional Involvement in Participatory Budgeting. Electronic Journal of e-Government, 9(1), 41-57. google scholar
  • Moynihan, D. P. (2003). Normative and Instrumental Perspectives on Public Participation Citizen Summits in Washington D.C. The American Review of Public Administration, 33(2), 164-188. google scholar
  • Moynihan, D. P. (2007). Citizen Participation in Budgeting: Prospects for Developing Countries. Participatory Budgeting (ss. 55-87). Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. google scholar
  • Neef A & Neubert D (2011). Stakeholder Participation in Agricultural Research Projects: A Conceptual Framework for Reflection and Decision-Making. Agricultural Human Values 28(2):179-194. google scholar
  • Özen, A., Atılgan Yaşa, A., & Demirhan, H. (2016). Katılımcı Bütçeleme Anlayışı Çerçevesinde İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi’nin 2015-2019 Stratejik Planının Değerlendirilmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(59), 1296-1310. google scholar
  • Peixoto, T. (2008). E-Participatory Budgeting: E-Democracy From Theory to Success? SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-20. google scholar
  • Peixoto, T. (2009). Beyond Theory: E-Participatory Budgeting and its Promises for eParticipation. European Journal of ePractice, 7, 1-9. google scholar
  • Pretty, J. N. (1995). Participatory Learning for Sustainable Agriculture. World Development, 23(8), 1247-1263. google scholar
  • Sakınç, S., & Aybarç Bursalıoğlu, S. (2004). Bütçelemede Demokratik Bir Değişim: Katılımcı Bütçeleme. Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges, 1-10. google scholar
  • Sgueo, G. (2016). Participatory Budgeting an Innovative Approach (s. 7). European Parliament. google scholar
  • Shah, A. (2007). Overview. Participatory Budgeting (ss. 1-18). Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. google scholar
  • Staeheli, L. A., Mitchell, D., & Gibson, K. (2002). Conflicting Rights to the City in New York’s Community Gardens. GeoJournal, 58, 197-205. google scholar
  • Ton, K. T., Gaillard, J. C., Adamson, C. E., Akgungor, C., & Ho, H. T. (2021). Human Agency in Disaster Risk Reduction: Theoretical Foundations and Empirical Evidence from People with Disabilities. Environmental Hazards, 20(5), 514-532. google scholar
  • Wampler, B. (2000). A Guide to Participatory Budgeting. 1-32. google scholar
  • Wampler, B. (2007). A Guide to Participatory Budgeting. Participatory Budgeting (ss. 21-54). Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. google scholar
  • White, S. C. (1996). Depoliticising Development: The Uses and Abuses of Participation. Development in Practice, 6(1), 6-15. google scholar
  • World Atlas (2023). Participatory Budgeting. https://www.pbatlas.net/world.html, Erişim: 08.01.2023. google scholar
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Makro İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Yücel Demirkılıç 0000-0003-3643-1593

Mehmet Hanefi Topal 0000-0003-4014-8694

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Kasım 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 31 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirkılıç, Y., & Topal, M. H. (2024). Yenilikçi Bir Yaklaşım Olarak E-Katılımcı Bütçeleme. Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi(72), 127-149. https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2024-1556429