Araştırma Makalesi
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Pandemide Barınma

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 67, 139 - 157, 28.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2022-1076615

Öz

Günümüzde Covid-19 nedeniyle yaşamakta olduğumuz pandemide artan yoksulluk koşullarında sağlıklı bir şekilde yaşanabilir barınma imkânlarına kavuşabilmek her zamankinden daha güç hale gelmişken; ancak aynı zamanda da enfeksiyondan kaçabilmek açısından barınma imkanları hayati önem kazanmıştır. Yoksulluğun derinleşmesiyle birlikte artan tahliyeler evsizliğin artışına ve beraberinde COVID-19 bulaşmasında da yükselmeye yol açabilmektedir. Ayrıca dünya örnekleri barınma yerindeki kalabalık ve sağlıksız yaşam koşullarının da COVID-19 enfeksiyon ve ölüm oranlarının artmasına neden olabileceğini göstermektedir. Pandemide barınaklarda yaşayanlar, uygunsuz evlerde barınanlar, evsizler, işsizler, ev kredisini ödeyemeyenler, işçiler, mülteciler gibi toplumun en yoksul kesimleri büyük bir tehdit altındadır. Makalede dünya genelinde gelir bölüşümündeki adaletsizliğin bir yansıma alanı olarak barınma sorunu ve bu sorunun çözümüne yönelik oluşturulan kamu temelli konut politikalarının etkileri, özellikle de sosyal konutlar bağlamında tarihsel çerçevede ve günümüz pandemi koşullarında dünya örnekleri incelenerek tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda makalenin amacı, hukuki çerçeve, tarihsel arka plan ve ülke örneklerine dayanarak barınma sorununun devlet politikaları aracılığıyla çözümünün mümkün olup olmadığının araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde barınma sorununa kalıcı çözümlerin, yani kamusal politikalar aracılığıyla, özellikle de sosyal konut sunularak bireylere ihtiyaç duyulan konutun erişilebilir kılınmasının kapitalist sistemin kar amaçlı genel işleyiş mantığıyla çatışmalı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Proje Değildir

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Benfer, E., Bloom Robinson, D., Butler, S., Edmonds, L., Gilman, S., McKay, K., Neumann, Z., Owens, L., Steinkamp, N. ve Yentel, D. (2020). The COVID-19 eviction crisis: aspen ınstitute. Erişim adresi: https://www. aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/the-covid-19-eviction-crisis-an-estimated-30-40-million-peop le-in-america-are-at-risk/. google scholar
  • Durkin, E. (2020). NYC’s poorest neighborhoods have highest death rates from coronavirus. Politico, 18 May, Erişim adresi: https://www.politico.com/states/newyork/city-hall/story/2020/05/18/poorest-nycneighbor hoods-have-highest-death-rates-fromcoronavirus-1284519. google scholar
  • Farha, L. (2020). UN special rapporteur on the right to adequate housing 2014-2020. COVID-19 Guidance Note: Prohibition of Evictions, Erişim adresi: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Housing/SR_h ousing_ COVID-19_ guidance_evictions.pdf. google scholar
  • Illmer, A. (2020). Covid-19: Singapore migrant workers infections were three times higher. BBC. 16 December, Erişim adresi: https://www.bbc.com/news/worldasia-55314862. google scholar
  • Kılıç, M. (2020). Konut hakkının sosyopolitiği: sosyal haklar sistematiği açısından bir çözümleme. Anayasa Yargısı, 37(2), 67-112. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1478285. google scholar King, P. (2006). Choice and the end of social housing. London: the institute of economic affairs, Erişim adresi: https://iea.org.uk/themencode-pdf-viewer-sc/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/upldbook327pd f.pdf& settings=111111011&lang=en-B#page=&zoom=75&pagemode=. google scholar
  • Madden, D. ve Marcuse, P. (2016). In defense of housing. the politics of crisis. Verso, London-New York. Erişim adresi: https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/IMG/pdf/2016_Madden_Ma rcuse_Defense_Housi ng_book.pdf. google scholar
  • NITI, BMC ve TIFR (2020). Technical details: SARS-CoV2 serological survey in Mumbai. Erişim adresi: https :// www.tifr.res.in/TSN/article/Mumbai-Serosurvey%20Technical%20report-NITI_BMC-Round-2%20f or%20 TIFR%20website.pdf. google scholar
  • OECD (2018). Settling in 2018: Indicators of immigrant integration. OECD Publishing, Paris/European Union. Brussels. Erişim adresi: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264307216-en.pdf?expires=1645 289956&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=2C0FE4C6997625598F77A5A3CECFA223. google scholar
  • OECD (2020). Social housing: a key part of past and future housing policy. Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Policy Briefs, OECD Publishing, Paris. Erişim adresi: http://oe.cd/social-housing-2020. google scholar
  • OECD (2020b). What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrants and their children?. 19 October, Erişim adresi: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=137_137245-8saheqv0k3&title=What-is-the-imp act-of-the-COVID-19-pandemic-on-immigrants-and-their-children%3F. google scholar
  • OECD (2020c). Housing amid COVID-19: policy responses and challenges. Erişim adresi: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=135_135322-lju8yj5sib&title=Housing-Amid-Covid-19-Policy-Responses-and-Challenges. google scholar
  • OECD Data (2022). Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm. google scholar
  • Reuters (2020). Coronavirus hits migrant workers in Qatar, 19 March, Erişim adresi: https://www.reuters.com/ article/uk-health-coronavirus-qatar/coronavirushits-migrant-workers-in-qatar-idUKKBN2162 google scholar
  • Scanlon, K. ve Whitehead, C. (2007). Social housing in Europe. In C. Whitehead & K. Scanlon (Eds.), London School of Economics and Political Sciences (pp: 8-33). London. Erişim adresi: Social-Housing-in-Euro pe-I. pdf (iut.nu). google scholar
  • Scanlon, K., Arrigoitia, M. F. ve Whitehead, C. (2015). Social housing in Europe. European Policy Analysis, (17), 1-12. Erişim adresi: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/62938/1/FernandezSocial%20housing%20in%2 0Eur ope_2015. pdf. google scholar
  • Taşar, M. O. ve Çevik, S. (2009). Sosyal konut ve konut sektörüne devlet müdahalesi: Avrupa ülkeleri ve Türkiye. Aksaray Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 1(2), Erişim adresi: http://aksarayiibd.aksaray.edu.tr/en/do wnload/art icle-file/209450. google scholar
  • UN (2020c). The sustainable development goals report 2020. New York. Erişim adresi: https://unstats.un .org/sdgs/ report/2020/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2020.pdf. google scholar
  • UN-Habitat. (2021). Cities and pandemics: towards a more just, green and healthy future. ISBN Number: 978-92-1132877-6, Erişim adresi: https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2021/03/cities_and_pandemic s-towards_a_ more_just_green_and_healthy_future_un-habitat_2021.pdf. google scholar
  • UN-Habitat (2021b). Global urban indicators database. Erişim adresi: https://unhabitat.org/global-urbanindicato rs-database. google scholar
  • UN-UNECE (2006). Guidelines on social housing-principles and examples. New York ve Geneva, Erişim adresi: https://unece.org/DAM/hlm/documents/Publications/guidelines.social.housing.pdf. google scholar
  • UNECA (2020). COVID-19 in African: protecting lives and economies. UNECA. Addis Ababa. Erişim adresi: https://repository.uneca.org/bitstream/handle/10855/43756/b11983206.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y google scholar
  • WB (2022). World development report 2022: Finance for an Equıtable Recovery. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1730-4. Washington. Erişim adresi: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/36883/9781464817304.pdf. google scholar
  • WHO (2018). Housing and health guidelines, Geneva. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item /9789241550376. google scholar World Inequality Report DataSet (2021) Erişim adresi: https://wir2022.wid.world/methodology/. google scholar
  • Voituriez, T. ve Chancel, L. (2021). Developing countries in times of COVID: comparing ınequality ımpacts and policy responses. World Inequality Lab. Issue Brief 2021/01. Erişim adresi: https://wid.world/wp-content/ uploads/2021/04/WorldInequalityLab_Issue_Brief_2021.01_Covid.pdf. google scholar

Housing During The Pandemic

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 67, 139 - 157, 28.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2022-1076615

Öz

In the context of the increasing poverty rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become more difficult than ever to access housing opportunities. However, housing is a vital requisite for keeping oneself safe from the infection risk. Increasing poverty can increase homelessness and consequently the transmission of COVID-19. In addition, crowded and unsanitary living conditions can increase COVID-19 infection and death rates. In this article, the problem of housing as a reflection of the injustice in income distribution around the world and the effects  of public-based housing policies created to solve this problem are discussed within the context of the historical framework and today’s pandemic conditions. In this context, the article aims to investigate whether it is possible to solve the housing problem through state interventions based on the legal framework, historical background, and country examples. This article concludes that permanent solutions to the housing problem, which is making the necessary housing accessible to individuals through public policies, especially by providing social houses, are in conflict with the profit-oriented general operating logic of the capitalist system.

Proje Numarası

Proje Değildir

Kaynakça

  • Benfer, E., Bloom Robinson, D., Butler, S., Edmonds, L., Gilman, S., McKay, K., Neumann, Z., Owens, L., Steinkamp, N. ve Yentel, D. (2020). The COVID-19 eviction crisis: aspen ınstitute. Erişim adresi: https://www. aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/the-covid-19-eviction-crisis-an-estimated-30-40-million-peop le-in-america-are-at-risk/. google scholar
  • Durkin, E. (2020). NYC’s poorest neighborhoods have highest death rates from coronavirus. Politico, 18 May, Erişim adresi: https://www.politico.com/states/newyork/city-hall/story/2020/05/18/poorest-nycneighbor hoods-have-highest-death-rates-fromcoronavirus-1284519. google scholar
  • Farha, L. (2020). UN special rapporteur on the right to adequate housing 2014-2020. COVID-19 Guidance Note: Prohibition of Evictions, Erişim adresi: https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Housing/SR_h ousing_ COVID-19_ guidance_evictions.pdf. google scholar
  • Illmer, A. (2020). Covid-19: Singapore migrant workers infections were three times higher. BBC. 16 December, Erişim adresi: https://www.bbc.com/news/worldasia-55314862. google scholar
  • Kılıç, M. (2020). Konut hakkının sosyopolitiği: sosyal haklar sistematiği açısından bir çözümleme. Anayasa Yargısı, 37(2), 67-112. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1478285. google scholar King, P. (2006). Choice and the end of social housing. London: the institute of economic affairs, Erişim adresi: https://iea.org.uk/themencode-pdf-viewer-sc/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/upldbook327pd f.pdf& settings=111111011&lang=en-B#page=&zoom=75&pagemode=. google scholar
  • Madden, D. ve Marcuse, P. (2016). In defense of housing. the politics of crisis. Verso, London-New York. Erişim adresi: https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/IMG/pdf/2016_Madden_Ma rcuse_Defense_Housi ng_book.pdf. google scholar
  • NITI, BMC ve TIFR (2020). Technical details: SARS-CoV2 serological survey in Mumbai. Erişim adresi: https :// www.tifr.res.in/TSN/article/Mumbai-Serosurvey%20Technical%20report-NITI_BMC-Round-2%20f or%20 TIFR%20website.pdf. google scholar
  • OECD (2018). Settling in 2018: Indicators of immigrant integration. OECD Publishing, Paris/European Union. Brussels. Erişim adresi: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264307216-en.pdf?expires=1645 289956&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=2C0FE4C6997625598F77A5A3CECFA223. google scholar
  • OECD (2020). Social housing: a key part of past and future housing policy. Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Policy Briefs, OECD Publishing, Paris. Erişim adresi: http://oe.cd/social-housing-2020. google scholar
  • OECD (2020b). What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrants and their children?. 19 October, Erişim adresi: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=137_137245-8saheqv0k3&title=What-is-the-imp act-of-the-COVID-19-pandemic-on-immigrants-and-their-children%3F. google scholar
  • OECD (2020c). Housing amid COVID-19: policy responses and challenges. Erişim adresi: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=135_135322-lju8yj5sib&title=Housing-Amid-Covid-19-Policy-Responses-and-Challenges. google scholar
  • OECD Data (2022). Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm. google scholar
  • Reuters (2020). Coronavirus hits migrant workers in Qatar, 19 March, Erişim adresi: https://www.reuters.com/ article/uk-health-coronavirus-qatar/coronavirushits-migrant-workers-in-qatar-idUKKBN2162 google scholar
  • Scanlon, K. ve Whitehead, C. (2007). Social housing in Europe. In C. Whitehead & K. Scanlon (Eds.), London School of Economics and Political Sciences (pp: 8-33). London. Erişim adresi: Social-Housing-in-Euro pe-I. pdf (iut.nu). google scholar
  • Scanlon, K., Arrigoitia, M. F. ve Whitehead, C. (2015). Social housing in Europe. European Policy Analysis, (17), 1-12. Erişim adresi: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/62938/1/FernandezSocial%20housing%20in%2 0Eur ope_2015. pdf. google scholar
  • Taşar, M. O. ve Çevik, S. (2009). Sosyal konut ve konut sektörüne devlet müdahalesi: Avrupa ülkeleri ve Türkiye. Aksaray Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 1(2), Erişim adresi: http://aksarayiibd.aksaray.edu.tr/en/do wnload/art icle-file/209450. google scholar
  • UN (2020c). The sustainable development goals report 2020. New York. Erişim adresi: https://unstats.un .org/sdgs/ report/2020/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2020.pdf. google scholar
  • UN-Habitat. (2021). Cities and pandemics: towards a more just, green and healthy future. ISBN Number: 978-92-1132877-6, Erişim adresi: https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2021/03/cities_and_pandemic s-towards_a_ more_just_green_and_healthy_future_un-habitat_2021.pdf. google scholar
  • UN-Habitat (2021b). Global urban indicators database. Erişim adresi: https://unhabitat.org/global-urbanindicato rs-database. google scholar
  • UN-UNECE (2006). Guidelines on social housing-principles and examples. New York ve Geneva, Erişim adresi: https://unece.org/DAM/hlm/documents/Publications/guidelines.social.housing.pdf. google scholar
  • UNECA (2020). COVID-19 in African: protecting lives and economies. UNECA. Addis Ababa. Erişim adresi: https://repository.uneca.org/bitstream/handle/10855/43756/b11983206.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y google scholar
  • WB (2022). World development report 2022: Finance for an Equıtable Recovery. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1730-4. Washington. Erişim adresi: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/36883/9781464817304.pdf. google scholar
  • WHO (2018). Housing and health guidelines, Geneva. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item /9789241550376. google scholar World Inequality Report DataSet (2021) Erişim adresi: https://wir2022.wid.world/methodology/. google scholar
  • Voituriez, T. ve Chancel, L. (2021). Developing countries in times of COVID: comparing ınequality ımpacts and policy responses. World Inequality Lab. Issue Brief 2021/01. Erişim adresi: https://wid.world/wp-content/ uploads/2021/04/WorldInequalityLab_Issue_Brief_2021.01_Covid.pdf. google scholar
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Berna Uymaz 0000-0002-7722-3101

Proje Numarası Proje Değildir
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 67

Kaynak Göster

APA Uymaz, B. (2022). Pandemide Barınma. Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi(67), 139-157. https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2022-1076615