Design, Production and Comparison with Theoretical Calculations of a Uniform Electromagnetic Field Generator with Helmholtz Coils

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 53 - 60, 17.06.2025

Ferdi Avcı , Emin Ağrali , Orhan Yaman , Mehmet Çavaş

https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1671822

Abstract

Helmholtz coils, which are widely used in the scientific world, are used to generate a uniform magnetic field (EMF). It is used in many test applications due to its ability to generate EMF at the desired frequency. It is easier to work with these coils at low frequencies. Since their inductance and internal resistance will be low due to the low frequency, the intended EMF can be obtained by supplying enough current to the coils. Helmholtz coils are used in many areas such as electromagnetic interference tests, biomedical experiments, physics experiments, instrument calibration. In this study, an EMF generator operating in alternative current was designed and manufactured for different EMF generation between 1 mT and 2 mT. Helmholtz coils with circular geometry were manufactured for the EMF generator. The fabricated helmholtz coils are positioned on the vertical axis. A current of 21 A will be passed through the helmholtz coil, which is the maximum value for 2 mT. 2.2 mm conductor cross-section was selected for passing 21 A current. At 21 A, it was found to operate without heating. The radius of the Helmholtz coil was preferred as 15 cm. The conductor weight used in the Helmholtz coil is 1000 g in total. The results of the theoretical calculations for the EMF generator and experimental measurements on the fabricated prototype were tabulated and graphs were obtained. They were compared graphically and the difference between their values was analyzed.

Keywords

Electromagnetic Field , Alternating Current , Helmholtz Coil.

References

• [1] Y. Karamazı and M. Emre, “Elektromanyetik Alanların Kemik Dokusu Üzerine Etkisi,” Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Derg., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 215–226, 2023, doi: 10.17827/aktd.1343480.
• [2] K. Atakır, G. Özevci, and B. Ceyhan, “Elektromanyetik Radyasyon ve İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri,” Environ. Toxicol. Ecol., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 9–21, 2022.
• [3] H. Kayhan, B. Erdebilli, S. Gönen, M. A. Eşmekaya, E. Ertekin, and A. G. Canseven, “Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Healthy Fibroblasts and Breast Cancer Cells,” İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Derg., vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 384–389, 2020, doi: 10.26650/iuitfd.2020.0041.
• [4] B. Tastekin et al., “The Effects of Antioxidants and Pulsed Magnetic Fields on Slow and Fast Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Induced by Streptozotocin: A Preclinical Study,” J. Diabetes Res., vol. 2023, no. 1, p. 6657869, 2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/6657869.
• [5] B. Kıvanç, “Yüksek frekanslı Helmholtz bobin uygulamalar için donanım düzeneği tasarm,” Ankara Üniversitesi, 2022.
• [6] T. Trevino, T. Rector, K. Lutz, N. Vasquez, and H. Cadiouc, “Design and Build of Electromagnetic HelmHoltz Coils Prototypes,” 2022.
• [7] L. Jankevica et al., “Evaluation of protective properties of biotextile with incorporated amber nano/micro particles against the Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (ELF-EMF),” in Innovative and Applied Research in Biology. Proceedings, University of Latvia Press, 2024, pp. 3–14. doi: 10.22364/iarb.2024.01.
• [8] H. Maulana, Y. Yueniwati, N. Permatasari, and H. Suyono, “Pulsed electromagnetic field prevents tooth relapse after orthodontic tooth movement in rat models,” J. Taibah Univ. Med. Sci., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.12.009.
• [9] M. Saqib, S. N. Francis, and J. N. Francis, “Design and development of Helmholtz coils for magnetic field,” in 2020 International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE), 2020, pp. 1–5.
• [10] U. A. Sadiq and O. W. Oluyombo, “Optimization design and characterization of Helmholtz coils,” J. Inf. Eng. Appl, vol. 9, no. 4, 2019.
• [11] M. Z. A. Mehmet Esref Alkis and S. I. Kandemir, “Influence of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on chemotherapy and electrochemotherapy efficacy in human Caco-2 colon cancer cells,” Electromagn. Biol. Med., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 177–183, 2022, doi: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2046047.
• [12] A. Nismayanti, H. Jannah, S. Rugayya, Maskur, and R. Adawiyah, “Helmholtz coils model as pulsed electromagnetic field therapy devices for fracture healing using comsol multiphysics,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1763, no. 1, p. 12060, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1763/1/012060.
• [13] C. Jiang, P. Gao, X. Yang, D. Ji, J. Sun, and Z. Yang, “Helmholtz coils based WPT coupling analysis of temporal interference electrical stimulation system,” Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no. 19, p. 9832, 2022.
• [14] A. K. Katiyar, A. Prakash, and S. K. Dubey, “Magnetic field generator for the calibration of magnetometers and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) compliance,” Instrum. Sci. Technol., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 141–156, 2025.
• [15] Ö. Bingöl and S. Güdürü, “The effects of the magnetic field on germination and seedling growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.),” Anatol. J. Bot., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 150–156, 2024, doi: 10.30616/ajb.1493290.
• [16] H. Gencer, “Pulslu Elektromanyetik Alanın Sıçanlarda Kan Glukoz Düzeyleri ve Kilo Artışı Üzerine Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi,” vol. 51, pp. 443–449, 2024, doi: 10.5798/dicletip.