Araştırma Makalesi
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Amyotrofik Lateral Sklerozlu Hasta Yakınlarının Evde Bakıma Yönelik Bakım Verme Yükünün Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 141 - 154, 28.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.54061/jphn.1704280

Öz

Amaç: Amyotrofik Lateral Sklerozlu hasta yakınlarının evde bakıma yönelik, bakım verme yükünün belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntemler: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tiptedir. Araştırma, Eylül 2023 ve Kasım 2024 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’de Amyotrofik Lateral Skleroz-Motor Nöron Hastalığı Derneğine kayıtlı araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü 260 bakım veren bireyler ile yürütüldü. Veri toplama aracı olarak Sosyo-Demografik Anket Formu ile Zarit Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği kullanıldı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (SPSS INC., Chicago, IL, USA) istatistik programı kullanıldı. Verilerin analizinde, frekans, yüzde, ortalama ve standart sapma kullanıldı. İleri analizlerde bağımsız gruplar t-testi, Anova ve posthoc Tukey, LSD analizleri kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Bakım yükü toplam puan ortalaması 33,96±18,83 olarak bulundu. Bakım verenlerin %37,3’ünün orta, %26,2’sinin şiddetli, %10’unun çok şiddetli düzeyde bakım yükü olduğu belirlendi. Kadınların, üniversite mezunlarının, evde bakıma yönelik eğitim almak isteyenlerin, hemşire bilgilendirmesinin yetersiz olduğunu düşünenlerin, kendi sağlığını kötü algılayanlarının ve bakım verme nedeniyle çalışmayı bırakanlarının bakım verme yükünün daha fazla olduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, hasta yakınlarının yarısından fazlasının, bakım verme yükünün orta ve çok şiddetli olduğu bulundu. Özellikle evde bakım eğitimi almak isteyen ve kendi sağlığına yeterince zaman ayıramadığını belirten bireylerin bakım yükünün fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda hemşirelerin, bakım verme yükü yüksek olan bireylere özel eğitim ve danışmanlık programları planlanması, hemşirelik bölüm ve dernekleri ile iş birliği ile eğitim programı geliştirmeleri önerilebilir. Ayrıca, eğitimlerin online olarak herkese erişilebilir yapılması, bakım vericilere yönelik nicel ve nitel araştırmalara ağırlık verilmesi, sağlık politikalarının geliştirilmesinde bakım vericilerin ve hemşirelik derneklerinin ortak amaç doğrultusunda çalışmaları önerilebilir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, İstanbul Kent Üniversite Girişimsel Olmayan Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Tarih: 08.12.2023 ve Sayı No:2023-08).

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Teşekkür

Çalışmada verilerin toplanmasında destek sağlayan ALS-MNH Derneği yönetim kuruluna ve araştırmaya katılan hasta yakınlarına teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • Abramzon, Y. A., Fratta, P., Traynor, B. J., & Chia, R. (2020). The overlapping genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 42. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00042
  • Ademoğlu, M. Ç., & Kutlu, İ. (2024). Evde Bakım Desteğinden Faydalanan Ailelerde Bakım Yükü. International Journal of Social Sciences, 8(35), 397-418. https://doi.org/10.52096/usbd.8.35.20
  • Aktekin, M., & Uysal, H. (2020). Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Turkish Journal of Neurology, 26(3). 187-196, https://doi.org/10.4274/tnd.2020.45549
  • Alankaya, N., & Karadakovan, A. (2015). Home care needs of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and care burden of caregivers. Health Science Journal, 4(1), 1–6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282926396
  • Bekdik, P., Şirin, T. C., & Adatepe, N. U. (2022. Amiyotrofik Lateral Skleroz Hasta Bakımında Bakım Veren Yükünün Değerlendirilmesi. Kocaeli Medical Journa,.11(3), 181-191. https://doi.org/10.5505/ktd.2022.44788
  • Burke, T., Elamin, M., Galvin, M., Hardiman, O., & Pender, N. (2017). Caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Investigating quality of life, caregiver burden and psychological well-being. Journal of Neurology, 264(5), 898–904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-017-8448-5
  • Choi, J. Y., Lee, S. H., & Yu, S. (2024). Exploring factors influencing caregiver burden: A systematic review of family caregivers of older adults with chronic illness in local communities. Healthcare, 12(10), 1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12101002
  • De Wit, J., Bakker, L. A., van Groenestijn, A. C., van den Berg, L. H., Schröder, C. D., & van der Kooi, A. J. (2018). Caregiver burden in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine, 32(1), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216317709965
  • Ducharme, F., Levesque, L., Lachance, L., Kergoat, M. J., Legault, A., Beaudet, L., & Zarit, S. H. (2019). Learning to become a family caregiver: Efficacy of an intervention program for caregivers following diagnosis of dementia in a relative. The Gerontologist, 59(5), 944–957. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr014
  • Falzone, Y. M., Domi, T., Mandelli, A., Pozzi, L., Schito, P., Russo, T., ... & Riva, N. (2022). Integrated evaluation of a panel of neurochemical biomarkers to optimize diagnosis and prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology, 29(7), 1930-1939.
  • Göktepe, B., Karakullukcu, A., Arslan, A. Y., Kaba, A., Karakullukçu, S., & Ardic, C. (2024). Evde Sağlık Hizmeti Alan Yaşlılara Bakım Verenlerin Bakım Yükü ve Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. International Journal of Current Medical and Biological Sciences, 4(3), 94-102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13787457
  • Haley, W. E., LaMonde, L. A., Han, B., Burton, A. M., & Schonwetter, R. (2003). Predictors of depression and life satisfaction among spousal caregivers in hospice: Application of a stress process model. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 6(2), 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1089/109662103764978461
  • Hogden, A., Foley, G., Henderson, R. D., James, N., & Aoun, S. M. (2017). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Improving care with a multidisciplinary approach. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 10, 205–215. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S134992
  • Hu, N., Shen, D., Yang, X., Niu, J., Cui, L., & Liu, M. (2025). The prevalence and impacts of psychological disorders in caregivers of Chinese ALS patients. Neurology Asia, 30(2), 437 – 445. https://doi.org/10.54029/2025tja
  • İnci, F. H., & Erdem, M. (2008). Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11, 85–95.
  • Kavanaugh, M. S., Howard, M., & Banker-Horner, L. (2018). Feasibility of a multidisciplinary caregiving training protocol for young caregivers in families with ALS. Social Work in Health Care, 57(1), 1-12
  • Kerkemeyer, L., Klinger, C., & Maier, A. (2021). The economic burden of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review. The European Journal of Health Economics, 22(7), 1001–1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01328-7
  • Khouban-Shargh, R., et al. (2024). Stress management training program to address caregiver burden. BMC Nephrology, 25(1), Article 3795. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03795-5
  • Kramer, B. J., & Kipnis, S. (1995). Eldercare and work-role conflict: Toward an understanding of gender differences in caregiver burden. The Gerontologist, 35(3), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/35.3.340
  • Lacey, R. E., Xue, B., & McMunn, A. (2022). The mental and physical health of young carers: A systematic review. The Lancet Public Health, 7(9), 787-796.
  • Liu, Z., Heffernan, C., & Tan, J. (2020). Caregiver burden: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(4), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.07.012
  • Marin, B., Boumédiene, F., Logroscino, G., Couratier, P., Babron, M.-C., Leutenegger, A. L., Copetti, M., Preux, P.-M., & Beghi, E. (2017). Variation in worldwide incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw061
  • Mehta, A. R., Gregory, J. M., Dando, O., Carter, R. N., Burr, K., Nanda, J. & Selvaraj, B. T. (2021). Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits in C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons cause dysfunctional axonal homeostasis. Acta Neuropathologica, 141(2), 257-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-020-02252-5
  • Ong, H. L., Vaingankar, J. A., Abdin, E., Sambasivam, R., Fauziana, R., Tan, M.-E., Chong, S. A., Goveas, R. R., & Subramaniam, M. (2018). Resilience and burden in caregivers of older adults: Moderating and mediating effects of perceived social support. BMC Psychiatry, 18, 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1616-z
  • Pacheco Barzallo, D., Schnyder, A., Zanini, C., & Gemperli, A. (2024). Gender Differences in Family Caregiving. Do female caregivers do more or undertake different tasks? BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 730. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11191-w
  • Pagnini, F. (2013). Psychological wellbeing and quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.691977
  • Rady, A., Mouloukheya, T., & Gamal, E. (2021). Posttraumatic stress symptoms, quality of life, and stress burden in caregivers of patients with severe mental illness: an underestimated health concern. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.623499
  • Schönfelder, E., Osmanovic, A., Müschen, L. H., Petri, S., & Schreiber-Katz, O. (2020). Costs of illness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A cross-sectional survey in Germany. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 15(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-020-01413-9
  • Siciliano, M., Santangelo, G., Trojsi, F., Di Somma, C., Patrone, M., Femiano, C., ... & Tedeschi, G. (2017). Coping strategies and psychological distress in caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 18(5-6), 367-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/21678421.2017.1285316
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Tülek, Z., Özakgül, A., Alankaya, N., Dik, A., Kaya, A., Ünalan, P. C., İdrisoğlu, H. A. (2023). Care burden and related factors among informal caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 24(1–2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/21678421.2022.2079993
  • Ünal, Ş., Genç, B., Kaplan, S., & Özkan, B. (2018). Gordon’un fonksiyonel sağlık örüntüleri modeline göre amiyotrofik lateral sklerozda hemşirelik bakımı: Bir olgu sunumu. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 69-76.
  • Wijesekera, L. C., & Nigel Leigh, P. (2009). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 4(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-4-3
  • Yuan, M. M., Peng, X., Zeng, T. Y., Wu, M. L. Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, K., & Wang, X. J. (2021). The illness experience for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(9-10), 1455-1463. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/jocn.15697
  • Zarei, S., Carr, K., Reiley, L., Diaz, K., Guerra, O., Altamirano, P. F., Pagani, W., Lodin, D., Orozco, G., & Chinea, A. (2015). A comprehensive review of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Surgical Neurology International, 6, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.169561
  • Zhai, S., Chu, F., Tan, M., Chi, N. C., Ward, T., & Yuwen, W. (2023). Digital health interventions to support family caregivers: An updated systematic review. Digital Health, 9, 1-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231171967
  • Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist. 1980 Dec;20(6):649-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/20.6.649
  • Zarit SH, Zarit JM (1990). The memory and behavior problems checklist and the Burden Interview. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Gerontology Cente
  • Zaybak, A., Güneş, Ü. Y., İsmailoğlu, E. G., & Ülker, E. (2012). Yatağa bağımlı hastalara bakım veren bireylerin bakım yüklerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 15(1), 48-54.

Determination of the Care Burden of Relatives of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis for Home Care

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 141 - 154, 28.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.54061/jphn.1704280

Öz

Objective: It was conducted to determine the caregiving burden of relatives of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis regarding home care.
Methods: The research is descriptive. The study was conducted between September 2023 and November 2024 in collaboration with the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Motor Neuron Disease Association with 260 caregivers in Turkey who volunteered to participate in the study. A 28-question Socio-demographic Questionnaire and the Zarit Caregiving Burden Scale were used as data collection tools. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0 (SPSS INC., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical program was used to evaluate the data. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. Independent groups t-test, ANOVA and posthoc Tukey and LSD analyses were used for further analysis.
Results: The total average care burden was found to be 33.96±18.83. It was determined that 37.3% of caregivers had a moderate care burden, 26.2% had a severe care burden, and 10% had a very severe care burden. It was determined that women, university graduates, those wishing to receive training in home care, those who considered nursing information to be inadequate, those who perceived their own health to be poor, and those who had stopped working due to caregiving had a greater care burden.
Conclusion: This study found that more than half of the patient's relatives experienced moderate to very severe caregiving burden. Individuals who requested home care training and reported insufficient time for their own health were found to have a high caregiving burden. Therefore, nurses are advised to plan specialized training and counseling programs for individuals with high caregiving burden and to collaborate with nursing departments and associations to develop training programs. Furthermore, it is recommended that training be made accessible to everyone online, that quantitative and qualitative research on caregivers be prioritized, and that caregivers and nursing associations work toward a common goal in developing health policies.

Kaynakça

  • Abramzon, Y. A., Fratta, P., Traynor, B. J., & Chia, R. (2020). The overlapping genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14, 42. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00042
  • Ademoğlu, M. Ç., & Kutlu, İ. (2024). Evde Bakım Desteğinden Faydalanan Ailelerde Bakım Yükü. International Journal of Social Sciences, 8(35), 397-418. https://doi.org/10.52096/usbd.8.35.20
  • Aktekin, M., & Uysal, H. (2020). Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Turkish Journal of Neurology, 26(3). 187-196, https://doi.org/10.4274/tnd.2020.45549
  • Alankaya, N., & Karadakovan, A. (2015). Home care needs of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and care burden of caregivers. Health Science Journal, 4(1), 1–6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282926396
  • Bekdik, P., Şirin, T. C., & Adatepe, N. U. (2022. Amiyotrofik Lateral Skleroz Hasta Bakımında Bakım Veren Yükünün Değerlendirilmesi. Kocaeli Medical Journa,.11(3), 181-191. https://doi.org/10.5505/ktd.2022.44788
  • Burke, T., Elamin, M., Galvin, M., Hardiman, O., & Pender, N. (2017). Caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Investigating quality of life, caregiver burden and psychological well-being. Journal of Neurology, 264(5), 898–904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-017-8448-5
  • Choi, J. Y., Lee, S. H., & Yu, S. (2024). Exploring factors influencing caregiver burden: A systematic review of family caregivers of older adults with chronic illness in local communities. Healthcare, 12(10), 1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12101002
  • De Wit, J., Bakker, L. A., van Groenestijn, A. C., van den Berg, L. H., Schröder, C. D., & van der Kooi, A. J. (2018). Caregiver burden in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine, 32(1), 231–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216317709965
  • Ducharme, F., Levesque, L., Lachance, L., Kergoat, M. J., Legault, A., Beaudet, L., & Zarit, S. H. (2019). Learning to become a family caregiver: Efficacy of an intervention program for caregivers following diagnosis of dementia in a relative. The Gerontologist, 59(5), 944–957. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr014
  • Falzone, Y. M., Domi, T., Mandelli, A., Pozzi, L., Schito, P., Russo, T., ... & Riva, N. (2022). Integrated evaluation of a panel of neurochemical biomarkers to optimize diagnosis and prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology, 29(7), 1930-1939.
  • Göktepe, B., Karakullukcu, A., Arslan, A. Y., Kaba, A., Karakullukçu, S., & Ardic, C. (2024). Evde Sağlık Hizmeti Alan Yaşlılara Bakım Verenlerin Bakım Yükü ve Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi. International Journal of Current Medical and Biological Sciences, 4(3), 94-102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13787457
  • Haley, W. E., LaMonde, L. A., Han, B., Burton, A. M., & Schonwetter, R. (2003). Predictors of depression and life satisfaction among spousal caregivers in hospice: Application of a stress process model. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 6(2), 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1089/109662103764978461
  • Hogden, A., Foley, G., Henderson, R. D., James, N., & Aoun, S. M. (2017). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Improving care with a multidisciplinary approach. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 10, 205–215. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S134992
  • Hu, N., Shen, D., Yang, X., Niu, J., Cui, L., & Liu, M. (2025). The prevalence and impacts of psychological disorders in caregivers of Chinese ALS patients. Neurology Asia, 30(2), 437 – 445. https://doi.org/10.54029/2025tja
  • İnci, F. H., & Erdem, M. (2008). Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 11, 85–95.
  • Kavanaugh, M. S., Howard, M., & Banker-Horner, L. (2018). Feasibility of a multidisciplinary caregiving training protocol for young caregivers in families with ALS. Social Work in Health Care, 57(1), 1-12
  • Kerkemeyer, L., Klinger, C., & Maier, A. (2021). The economic burden of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review. The European Journal of Health Economics, 22(7), 1001–1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01328-7
  • Khouban-Shargh, R., et al. (2024). Stress management training program to address caregiver burden. BMC Nephrology, 25(1), Article 3795. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03795-5
  • Kramer, B. J., & Kipnis, S. (1995). Eldercare and work-role conflict: Toward an understanding of gender differences in caregiver burden. The Gerontologist, 35(3), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/35.3.340
  • Lacey, R. E., Xue, B., & McMunn, A. (2022). The mental and physical health of young carers: A systematic review. The Lancet Public Health, 7(9), 787-796.
  • Liu, Z., Heffernan, C., & Tan, J. (2020). Caregiver burden: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(4), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.07.012
  • Marin, B., Boumédiene, F., Logroscino, G., Couratier, P., Babron, M.-C., Leutenegger, A. L., Copetti, M., Preux, P.-M., & Beghi, E. (2017). Variation in worldwide incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw061
  • Mehta, A. R., Gregory, J. M., Dando, O., Carter, R. N., Burr, K., Nanda, J. & Selvaraj, B. T. (2021). Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits in C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons cause dysfunctional axonal homeostasis. Acta Neuropathologica, 141(2), 257-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-020-02252-5
  • Ong, H. L., Vaingankar, J. A., Abdin, E., Sambasivam, R., Fauziana, R., Tan, M.-E., Chong, S. A., Goveas, R. R., & Subramaniam, M. (2018). Resilience and burden in caregivers of older adults: Moderating and mediating effects of perceived social support. BMC Psychiatry, 18, 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1616-z
  • Pacheco Barzallo, D., Schnyder, A., Zanini, C., & Gemperli, A. (2024). Gender Differences in Family Caregiving. Do female caregivers do more or undertake different tasks? BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 730. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11191-w
  • Pagnini, F. (2013). Psychological wellbeing and quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.691977
  • Rady, A., Mouloukheya, T., & Gamal, E. (2021). Posttraumatic stress symptoms, quality of life, and stress burden in caregivers of patients with severe mental illness: an underestimated health concern. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.623499
  • Schönfelder, E., Osmanovic, A., Müschen, L. H., Petri, S., & Schreiber-Katz, O. (2020). Costs of illness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A cross-sectional survey in Germany. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 15(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-020-01413-9
  • Siciliano, M., Santangelo, G., Trojsi, F., Di Somma, C., Patrone, M., Femiano, C., ... & Tedeschi, G. (2017). Coping strategies and psychological distress in caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 18(5-6), 367-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/21678421.2017.1285316
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Tülek, Z., Özakgül, A., Alankaya, N., Dik, A., Kaya, A., Ünalan, P. C., İdrisoğlu, H. A. (2023). Care burden and related factors among informal caregivers of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 24(1–2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/21678421.2022.2079993
  • Ünal, Ş., Genç, B., Kaplan, S., & Özkan, B. (2018). Gordon’un fonksiyonel sağlık örüntüleri modeline göre amiyotrofik lateral sklerozda hemşirelik bakımı: Bir olgu sunumu. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 69-76.
  • Wijesekera, L. C., & Nigel Leigh, P. (2009). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 4(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-4-3
  • Yuan, M. M., Peng, X., Zeng, T. Y., Wu, M. L. Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, K., & Wang, X. J. (2021). The illness experience for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(9-10), 1455-1463. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/jocn.15697
  • Zarei, S., Carr, K., Reiley, L., Diaz, K., Guerra, O., Altamirano, P. F., Pagani, W., Lodin, D., Orozco, G., & Chinea, A. (2015). A comprehensive review of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Surgical Neurology International, 6, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.169561
  • Zhai, S., Chu, F., Tan, M., Chi, N. C., Ward, T., & Yuwen, W. (2023). Digital health interventions to support family caregivers: An updated systematic review. Digital Health, 9, 1-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231171967
  • Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist. 1980 Dec;20(6):649-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/20.6.649
  • Zarit SH, Zarit JM (1990). The memory and behavior problems checklist and the Burden Interview. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Gerontology Cente
  • Zaybak, A., Güneş, Ü. Y., İsmailoğlu, E. G., & Ülker, E. (2012). Yatağa bağımlı hastalara bakım veren bireylerin bakım yüklerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 15(1), 48-54.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Başlıca Küresel Hastalık Yükleri, Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Edanur Kurnaz 0009-0006-2216-2977

Seher Yurt 0000-0001-9972-3273

Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 18 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kurnaz, E., & Yurt, S. (2025). Amyotrofik Lateral Sklerozlu Hasta Yakınlarının Evde Bakıma Yönelik Bakım Verme Yükünün Belirlenmesi. Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 7(3), 141-154. https://doi.org/10.54061/jphn.1704280