İlkokul Çocuklarında Kas-İskelet Sistemi Semptomları ve Ergonomik Risk Faktörlerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu kesitsel çalışmanın amacı, ilkokul öğrencilerinde kas-iskelet sistemi semptomlarının sıklığını, şiddetini ve okula/derse katılımı engelleme düzeyini; ayrıca ergonomik risk faktörlerinin yaygınlığını ve bu faktörlerle semptom düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkileri tanımlamaktır. Yöntem: Araştırma, Aralık 2023–Mayıs 2024 tarihleri arasında kamuya bağlı bir ilkokulda yürütülmüştür. Tabakalı rastgele örnekleme ile belirlenen 404 öğrenciye Cornell Kas-İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlıkları (KİSR) Anketi ve Üst Ekstremite Değerlendirme Formu (ÜEDF) uygulanmıştır. Veriler, ders saatlerinde araştırmacı tarafından öğrencilerin oturuş pozisyonlarının gözlemlenmesi ve yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Cornell KİSR anketi sonuçlarına göre genel kas-iskelet sistemi semptom prevalansı %65’tir. Öğrencilerin sırt çantası ortalama ağırlığı 3,93 ± 1,09 kg olarak bulunmuştur. ÜEDF değerlendirmesinde; %49,5’i “ergonomik risk puanı 2”, %43,1’i “ergonomik risk puanı 3” ve %7,4’ü “ergonomik risk puanı 4” kategorisinde yer almıştır. Çanta ağırlığı ≥4 kg olanlar ve günlük ≥3 saat teknolojik cihaz kullananlarda hem ÜEDF risk puanları hem de Cornell KİSR anketi semptom skorları anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<.05). Sonuç: Çanta ağırlığı ve uzun süreli ders çalışma ile teknolojik cihaz kullanımı hem ergonomik risk düzeyini hem de kas-iskelet sistemi semptom sıklığı ve şiddetini artırmaktadır. ÜEDF risk puanı ile Cornell KİSR anketi semptom düzeyi arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ergonomik risk
• İlkokul çocukları
• Kas-iskelet sistemi semptomu
• Okul çantası.
• Okul sağlığı

Determination of Musculoskeletal System Symptoms and Ergonomic Risk Factors in Primary School Children

Öz

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to describe, among primary school students, the frequency and severity of musculoskeletal system symptoms and the degree to which they impede school/class attendance; additionally, to determine the prevalence of ergonomic risk factors and to characterize the relationships between these factors and symptom levels. Methods: The study was conducted from December 2023 to May 2024 at a public primary school. A stratified random sampling approach was used to select 404 students, who were then administered the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomforts (MSD) Questionnaire and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Data was collected through observations during class hours and face-to-face interviews with the researcher. Results: According to the Cornell MSD Questionnaire, the overall prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 65%. The mean weight of students’ backpacks was 3.93 ± 1.09 kg. Based on the RULA, 49.5% of students were classified in ergonomic risk category 2, 43.1% in category 3, and 7.4% in category 4. Those carrying backpacks weighing ≥ 4 kg, and those using technological devices for ≥ 3 hours per day exhibited significantly higher ergonomic risk scores and Cornell MSD Questionnaire symptom scores (p < .05). Conclusion: Backpack weight, prolonged study time, and use of technological devices are associated with increased ergonomic risk levels as well as greater frequency and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms. A positive, statistically significant correlation was observed between the RULA risk score and Cornell MSD Questionnaire symptom levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ergonomic risk
• Primary school children
• Musculoskeletal symptoms
• School backpack
• School health

Kaynakça

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