Araştırma Makalesi
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40 Yaş Üzeri Bireylerin Prostat Kanseri Taramalarına İlişkin Sağlık İnanç ve Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 103 - 118, 31.12.2019

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, 40 yaş ve üzeri
bireylerin prostat kanseri taramalarına ilişkin sağlık inançlarını ve
tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.



Materyal
ve Metot:
Tanımlayıcı
türde olan bu araştırma bir üniversitede çalışan 40 yaş ve üzeri akademik ve
idari personel ile Haziran 2013-Temmuz 2015 tarihleri arasında
gerçekleştirilmiştir
. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve Prostat
Kanseri Taramaları Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği (PKTSİMÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için etik kurul onayı ile
kurum izni alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistik, bağımsız
guruplarda t Testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans (One Way ANOVA) analizi, Kruskal Wallis
testi ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde
p<0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.



Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin
büyük çoğunluğunun (% 88.6) daha önce prostat muayenesi olmadığı, muayene
olanların tamamının prostat ile ilgili şikayetlerinin muayene olmayı
etkilediği, %91’inin daha önce prostat kanseri taraması için PSA (Prostat
Spesifik Antijen) yaptırmadığı, aile ve akrabasında (%80) ile çevresinde (%71)
prostat kanseri teşhisi konan birey bulunmadığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmaya
katılan bireylerin PKTSİMÖ prostat taramalarını etkileyen Sağlık Motivasyonu
Algısı (
=32.33±7.41)
ile Engel Algısı (
=37.43±9.29)
puan ortalamalarının yüksek, Duyarlılık Algısı (
=12.13±4.10)
ve Ciddiyet Algısı (
=12.10±4.16)
puan ortalamalarının ise düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada bireylerin
yaşlarına göre PKTSİMÖ ciddiyet algısı ve Sağlık Motivasyonu Algısı puan
ortalmasının ve çalışma süresine göre ciddiyet algısı puan ortalmasının anlamlı
farklılık oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin gelecekte prostat muayenesi veya taramasına
katılmayı düşünme durumuna göre Sağlık Motivasyonu Algısı puan
ortalamasının ve prostat muayenesinin
utandırıcı olduğunu düşünme durumuna göre ciddiyet algısı ve engel
algısı puan ortalamasının, prostat
kanserine ilişkin bilgilerin nereden öğrenildiği durumuna göre duyarlık
algısı puanları ortalamasının farklılık oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir.



Sonuç: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin
büyük bir çoğunluğunun prostat kanseri taramalarına katılmadığı, bireylerin
PKTSİMÖ engel algısının yüksek, duyarlılık ve ciddiyet algısının ise düşük
olduğu, yaş ve çalışma süresinin PKTSİMÖ etkilediği saptanmıştır. Prostat
kanseri taramalarına yönelik olumlu tutum ve inanç oluşturmak için hemşireler
tarafından eğitim programları yapılması önerilir.

Kaynakça

  • Abhar R, Hassani L, Montaseri M, Ardakani MP. Survey of prostate cancer-preventive behaviors based on the health belief model constructs among military men. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2017, 4(2): 8-18.
  • Abuadas MH, Petro-Nustas W, Albikawi ZF. predictors of participation in prostate cancer screening among older men in Jordan. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2015, 16:5377-5383.
  • American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2013. Atlanta, United State: American Cancer Society; 2013.Erişim : http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics. (Erişim: 28.09.2019).
  • Anderson MM. Testing the health belief model using prostate cancer screening intention: comparing four statistical approaches applied to data from the 2008-09 Nashville Men’s Preventive Health Survey, Master Thesis, Nashville, Tennessee: Graduate School of Vanderbilt University, 2013.
  • Archer J, Hayter M. Screening men for prostate cancer in general practice: experiences of men receiving an equivocal PSA (prostate specific antigen) test result. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 2006, 7: 124-34.
  • Aydoğdu NG, Bahar Z. Yoksul Kadınlarda Sağlık İnanç Modeli ve Sağlığı Geliştirme Modeli Kullanımının Meme ve Serviks Kanseri Erken Tanı Davranışlarındaki Değişime. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 2011, 4: 34-40.
  • Baysal HY, Türkoğlu N. Birinci basamağa başvuran bireylerin kolorektal kanserden korunmaya yönelik sağlık inançlarının ve kolorektal kanser ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. International Journal of Human Sciences, 2013, 1:1238-1250.
  • Bilgili N, Kitiş Y. ProstateCancer Screening andHealth Beliefs: A TurkishStudy of Male Adults. Erciyes Med J 2019; 41(2):164-9.
  • Bloom JR, Stewart SL, Oakley-Girvans I, Banks PJ, Chang S. Family history, perceived risk, and prostate cancer screening among African American men. Cancer Epidemiyology Bioloic Prevelance, 2006, 15:2167-73.
  • Camara-Lopes G, Marta GN, Leite ETT, Siqueira GSMD, Hanna SA, Silva J LFD, et al. Change in the risk stratification of prostate cancer after slide review by a uropathologist: the experience of a reference center for the treatment of prostate cancer. International Brazilian Journal of Urology. 2014;40(4):454-62.
  • Cantor SB, Volk RJ, Cass AR, Gilani J, Spann SJ. Psychological benefits of prostate cancer screening: the role of reassurance. Health Expect, 2002, 5: 104-13.Çapık C, Web Destekli Eğitim ve Danışmanlığın Prostat Kanseri Taramalarına İlişkin Sağlık İnancı, Bilgi Düzeyi ve Taramalara Katılmaya Etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2010.
  • Çapık C, Web Destekli Eğitim ve Danışmanlığın Prostat Kanseri Taramalarına İlişkin Sağlık İnancı, Bilgi Düzeyi ve Taramalara Katılmaya Etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2010.
  • Çapık C, Gözüm S. The effect of web-assisted education and reminders on health belief, level of knowledge and early diagnosis behaviors regarding prostate cancer screening. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2012; 16(1): 71-77. 27.
  • Çapık C, Gözüm S. Development and validation of health beliefs model scale for prostate cancer screenings (HBM-PCS): Evidence from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2011, 15:478-85.
  • Champion VL, Skinner CS. The Health Belief Model. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editors. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. 4th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2008. p. 45-66.
  • Dutkiewcz S, Jędrzejewska S. Education concerning carcinoma of prostate and its early detection. Urological oncology, 2011, 64:15-20.Ekin RG, Zorlu F. Türkiye verilerine göre prostat kanseri taranmalı mı ?.Üroonkoloji e-Bülten, 2013, 2:71-75.
  • Epstein JI. The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital System. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N (eds). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed. Philedelphia, Pennsylvania. Elsevier Saunders Company, 2005:1023-1058.
  • Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, Barregard L, Bhutta ZA, Brenner H, et al. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. JAMA Oncology. 2017;3(4):524- 48.
  • Ford ME, Vernon SW, Havstad SL, Thomas SA, Davis SD. Factors influencing behavioral intention regarding prostate cancer screening among older African-American men. Journal of the National Medical Association, 2006, 98:505-14.
  • George A, Fleming P. Factors affecting men's help-seeking in the early detection of prostate cancer: implications for health promotion Journal of Men's Health and Gender, 2004, 1: 345-52.
  • Ghodsbin F, Zare M, Jahanbin I, Ariafar A, Keshvarzi S. A survey of the knowledge and beliefs of retired men about prostate cancer screening based on health belief Model. Internatıonal Journal of Communıty Based Nursıng and Mıdwıfery, 2014, 10: 2-4
  • Glanz K, The health belief model. Ed:Glanz K, Rımer BK, Vıswanath K, Health Behavior and Health Education. pp. 45-65, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 2008.
  • Gözüm S, Çapık C. Sağlık davranışlarının geliştirilmesinde bir rehber: Sağlık İnanç Modeli [A guide to the development of health behaviors: Health Belief Model (HBM)]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi [Dokuz Eylul University School of Nursing Electronic Journal], 2014, 7(3):230-237.
  • Jacobsen PB, Lamonde LA, Honour M, Kash K, Hudson PB, Pow-Sang J. Relation of family history of prostate cancer to perceived vulnerability and screening behavior. Psychooncology, 2004, 13:80-5.
  • Jeihooni AK, Kashfi SM, Kashfi SH, Heydarabadi AB, Imanzad M, Hafez AA. Factors associated with prostate cancer screening behavior among men over 50 in Fasa, Iran, based on the PRECEDE model. Electronic Physician 2015, 7(2): 1054-1062.
  • Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics 2007. CA Cancer Journal, 2007, 57:43-66.
  • Khosravi V, BaratiM, Moeini B,Mohammadi Y. Prostate cancer screening behaviors and the related beliefs among 50- to 70-year-old men in Hamadan: Appraisal of threats and coping. Journal of Education and Community Health, 2018;4(4):30-31
  • Kılıç D ve Erci B. Osteoporoz sağlık inanç ölçeği, osteoporoz öz-etkililik/yeterlik ölçeği ve osteoporoz bilgi testi'nin geçerlilik ve güvenirliği, Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 2004, 7:89-102.
  • Kılınç E, Gür K. Okul yaralanmalarını önlemede sağlık inanç modeli temelli girişimlerin etkisi. HSP, 2018, 5(3):467-475.
  • Lee DJ, Consedine NS, Spencer BA. Barriers and facilitators to digital rectal examination screening among African-American and African-Caribbean men. Urology, 2011, 77:891-8.
  • Li Y, Doukas DJ. Health motivation and emotional vigilance in genetic testing for prostate cancer risk. Clinical Genetics, 2004, 66: 512-6.
  • Nagler HM, Gerber EW, Homel P, Wagner JR, Norton J, Lebovitch S, Phillips JL. Digital rectal examinationis barrier to population-based prostate cancer screening. Urology, 2005, 65:1137-40.
  • Nivens AS, Herman J, Pweinrich S, Weinrich MC. Cues to participation in prostate cancer screening: a theory for practice. Oncology Nursing Forum, 2001, 28:1449-56.
  • Pierce R, Chadiha LA, Vargas A, Mosley M. Prostate cancer and psychosocial concerns in African American men: literature synthesis and recommendations. Health and Social Work Publisher, 2003, 28:302-11.
  • Paiva EP, Motta MC, Griep RH. Barriers related to screening examinations for prostate cancer. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 2011, 19:73-80.
  • Rai T, Clements A, Bukach C, Shine B, Austoker J, Watson E. What influences men's decision to have a prostate-specific antigen test? A qualitative study. Family Practice, 2007, 24:365-71.
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  • Ross LE, Uhler RJ, Williams KN. Awareness and use of the prostate-specific antigen test among African-American men. Journal of the National Medical Association, 2005, 97: 963-71.
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Determining Health Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Prostate Cancer Scans in Individuals Over 40

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 103 - 118, 31.12.2019

Öz

Aim: This study has been carried out with the purpose of determining health
beliefs and attitudes towards prostate cancer scans in individuals over 40.

Material and Method: The study has been carried out among the university
academic and administrative staff between June 2013 and July 2013. The study
has been a descriptive one. The boundaries of the study has been comprised of
university academic and administrative staff over 40 (n=78). There has not been
chosen any paradigm in the study and it has been completed with those who were
accessible and accepted to take part in the study. A questionnaire form including
‘Personal Questionnaire’ and ‘PCSBOHBM’ has been used as a data collection
tool. Research Ethics Committee Approval and permissions from other
institutions have been taken in order for the study to be carried out.
Percentage distributions, Chi-square, t test in independent groups,
Mann-Whitney U test have been used in the evaluation of the data.

Results: It has been found out that a great majority of the participants (88.6%)
has not had a prostate scan before, all of those who were examined (100%) were
affected in terms of treatment due to their complaints about prostate, most of
them (91%) have not had before a PSA for prostate cancer scanning, there has
not been any individual who has a family member or a relative (80%) or someone
around (70%) diagnosed with a prostate cancer. It has been found out that
participants’ point averages of health motivation level (
=32.33±7.41)
and obstacle perception level (
=37.43±9.29)
which affect PCSBOHBM prostate scans are high, point averages of sensitivity
level (
=12.13±4.10)
and perception of severity level (
=12.10±4.16)
are low. It has been determined that there are significant differences
(p<0.05) between sub-dimensions of PCSBOHBM perception of
severity and health motivation according to participants’ ages and between
their working time with the perception of severity and their
sub-dimensions.  It has been found that
there is a significant difference
(p<0.05) in terms of health motivation points of the
participants according to whether they think about having a prostate
examination or scan in the future and perception of severity according to
considering prostate examination something embarrassing and dimension of
obstacle perception and points of sensitivity perception according to where the
information related to prostate cancer are obtained.







Conclusion: It has been determined that most of the participants
have not attended prostate cancer scans, their level of obstacle perception is
high, sensitivity and severity perception is low, their age and working time affect
PCSBOHBM. Educational programs are recommended for creating a positive attitude
and belief towards prostate cancer scans.

Kaynakça

  • Abhar R, Hassani L, Montaseri M, Ardakani MP. Survey of prostate cancer-preventive behaviors based on the health belief model constructs among military men. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2017, 4(2): 8-18.
  • Abuadas MH, Petro-Nustas W, Albikawi ZF. predictors of participation in prostate cancer screening among older men in Jordan. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2015, 16:5377-5383.
  • American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2013. Atlanta, United State: American Cancer Society; 2013.Erişim : http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics. (Erişim: 28.09.2019).
  • Anderson MM. Testing the health belief model using prostate cancer screening intention: comparing four statistical approaches applied to data from the 2008-09 Nashville Men’s Preventive Health Survey, Master Thesis, Nashville, Tennessee: Graduate School of Vanderbilt University, 2013.
  • Archer J, Hayter M. Screening men for prostate cancer in general practice: experiences of men receiving an equivocal PSA (prostate specific antigen) test result. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 2006, 7: 124-34.
  • Aydoğdu NG, Bahar Z. Yoksul Kadınlarda Sağlık İnanç Modeli ve Sağlığı Geliştirme Modeli Kullanımının Meme ve Serviks Kanseri Erken Tanı Davranışlarındaki Değişime. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 2011, 4: 34-40.
  • Baysal HY, Türkoğlu N. Birinci basamağa başvuran bireylerin kolorektal kanserden korunmaya yönelik sağlık inançlarının ve kolorektal kanser ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. International Journal of Human Sciences, 2013, 1:1238-1250.
  • Bilgili N, Kitiş Y. ProstateCancer Screening andHealth Beliefs: A TurkishStudy of Male Adults. Erciyes Med J 2019; 41(2):164-9.
  • Bloom JR, Stewart SL, Oakley-Girvans I, Banks PJ, Chang S. Family history, perceived risk, and prostate cancer screening among African American men. Cancer Epidemiyology Bioloic Prevelance, 2006, 15:2167-73.
  • Camara-Lopes G, Marta GN, Leite ETT, Siqueira GSMD, Hanna SA, Silva J LFD, et al. Change in the risk stratification of prostate cancer after slide review by a uropathologist: the experience of a reference center for the treatment of prostate cancer. International Brazilian Journal of Urology. 2014;40(4):454-62.
  • Cantor SB, Volk RJ, Cass AR, Gilani J, Spann SJ. Psychological benefits of prostate cancer screening: the role of reassurance. Health Expect, 2002, 5: 104-13.Çapık C, Web Destekli Eğitim ve Danışmanlığın Prostat Kanseri Taramalarına İlişkin Sağlık İnancı, Bilgi Düzeyi ve Taramalara Katılmaya Etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2010.
  • Çapık C, Web Destekli Eğitim ve Danışmanlığın Prostat Kanseri Taramalarına İlişkin Sağlık İnancı, Bilgi Düzeyi ve Taramalara Katılmaya Etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2010.
  • Çapık C, Gözüm S. The effect of web-assisted education and reminders on health belief, level of knowledge and early diagnosis behaviors regarding prostate cancer screening. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2012; 16(1): 71-77. 27.
  • Çapık C, Gözüm S. Development and validation of health beliefs model scale for prostate cancer screenings (HBM-PCS): Evidence from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2011, 15:478-85.
  • Champion VL, Skinner CS. The Health Belief Model. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editors. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. 4th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2008. p. 45-66.
  • Dutkiewcz S, Jędrzejewska S. Education concerning carcinoma of prostate and its early detection. Urological oncology, 2011, 64:15-20.Ekin RG, Zorlu F. Türkiye verilerine göre prostat kanseri taranmalı mı ?.Üroonkoloji e-Bülten, 2013, 2:71-75.
  • Epstein JI. The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital System. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N (eds). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed. Philedelphia, Pennsylvania. Elsevier Saunders Company, 2005:1023-1058.
  • Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Barber RM, Barregard L, Bhutta ZA, Brenner H, et al. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study. JAMA Oncology. 2017;3(4):524- 48.
  • Ford ME, Vernon SW, Havstad SL, Thomas SA, Davis SD. Factors influencing behavioral intention regarding prostate cancer screening among older African-American men. Journal of the National Medical Association, 2006, 98:505-14.
  • George A, Fleming P. Factors affecting men's help-seeking in the early detection of prostate cancer: implications for health promotion Journal of Men's Health and Gender, 2004, 1: 345-52.
  • Ghodsbin F, Zare M, Jahanbin I, Ariafar A, Keshvarzi S. A survey of the knowledge and beliefs of retired men about prostate cancer screening based on health belief Model. Internatıonal Journal of Communıty Based Nursıng and Mıdwıfery, 2014, 10: 2-4
  • Glanz K, The health belief model. Ed:Glanz K, Rımer BK, Vıswanath K, Health Behavior and Health Education. pp. 45-65, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 2008.
  • Gözüm S, Çapık C. Sağlık davranışlarının geliştirilmesinde bir rehber: Sağlık İnanç Modeli [A guide to the development of health behaviors: Health Belief Model (HBM)]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi [Dokuz Eylul University School of Nursing Electronic Journal], 2014, 7(3):230-237.
  • Jacobsen PB, Lamonde LA, Honour M, Kash K, Hudson PB, Pow-Sang J. Relation of family history of prostate cancer to perceived vulnerability and screening behavior. Psychooncology, 2004, 13:80-5.
  • Jeihooni AK, Kashfi SM, Kashfi SH, Heydarabadi AB, Imanzad M, Hafez AA. Factors associated with prostate cancer screening behavior among men over 50 in Fasa, Iran, based on the PRECEDE model. Electronic Physician 2015, 7(2): 1054-1062.
  • Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics 2007. CA Cancer Journal, 2007, 57:43-66.
  • Khosravi V, BaratiM, Moeini B,Mohammadi Y. Prostate cancer screening behaviors and the related beliefs among 50- to 70-year-old men in Hamadan: Appraisal of threats and coping. Journal of Education and Community Health, 2018;4(4):30-31
  • Kılıç D ve Erci B. Osteoporoz sağlık inanç ölçeği, osteoporoz öz-etkililik/yeterlik ölçeği ve osteoporoz bilgi testi'nin geçerlilik ve güvenirliği, Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 2004, 7:89-102.
  • Kılınç E, Gür K. Okul yaralanmalarını önlemede sağlık inanç modeli temelli girişimlerin etkisi. HSP, 2018, 5(3):467-475.
  • Lee DJ, Consedine NS, Spencer BA. Barriers and facilitators to digital rectal examination screening among African-American and African-Caribbean men. Urology, 2011, 77:891-8.
  • Li Y, Doukas DJ. Health motivation and emotional vigilance in genetic testing for prostate cancer risk. Clinical Genetics, 2004, 66: 512-6.
  • Nagler HM, Gerber EW, Homel P, Wagner JR, Norton J, Lebovitch S, Phillips JL. Digital rectal examinationis barrier to population-based prostate cancer screening. Urology, 2005, 65:1137-40.
  • Nivens AS, Herman J, Pweinrich S, Weinrich MC. Cues to participation in prostate cancer screening: a theory for practice. Oncology Nursing Forum, 2001, 28:1449-56.
  • Pierce R, Chadiha LA, Vargas A, Mosley M. Prostate cancer and psychosocial concerns in African American men: literature synthesis and recommendations. Health and Social Work Publisher, 2003, 28:302-11.
  • Paiva EP, Motta MC, Griep RH. Barriers related to screening examinations for prostate cancer. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem, 2011, 19:73-80.
  • Rai T, Clements A, Bukach C, Shine B, Austoker J, Watson E. What influences men's decision to have a prostate-specific antigen test? A qualitative study. Family Practice, 2007, 24:365-71.
  • Reynolds D. Prostate cancer screening in African American men: Barriers and methods for improvement. American Journal Mens Health, 2008, 2:172-7.
  • Rosai J. Male Reproductive system. Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology, Volume 1.9th ed. Edinburgh, London, New York, Oxford, Philadelphia, St Louis, Sydney, Toronto. Mosby, 2005: 1361-1411.
  • Ross LE, Uhler RJ, Williams KN. Awareness and use of the prostate-specific antigen test among African-American men. Journal of the National Medical Association, 2005, 97: 963-71.
  • Quinten C, Coens C, Ghislain I, Zikos E, Sprangers MA, Ringash J, etal. The effects of age on health-related quality of life in cancerpopula-tions: A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trialsusing the Euro-pean Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)QLQ-C30 involving 6024 cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51(18):2808–19.
  • Odedina FT, Campbell ES, LaRose-Pierre M, Scrivens J, Hill A. Personal factors affecting African-American men's prostate cancer screening behavior. Journal of National Medical Association, 2008, 100:724-33.
  • Oliver JS, Grindel CG, De Coster J, Ford CD, Martin MY. Benefits, barriers, sources of influence, and prostate cancer screening among rural men. Public Health Nursing, 2011, 28:515-22.
  • Oliver JS. Prostate cancer screening patterns among African American men in the rural south. Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing in the Collage of Health and Human Sciences, Doctora Thesis, Atlanta: Georgia State University, 2007.
  • Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2019. Ca Cancer J Clin,2019, 7-34.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı, Sağlık İstatistikleri, 2018. https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/31096,turkcesiydijiv1pdf.pdf?0 (Erişim: 28.08.2019).
  • So WK, Choi KC, Tang WP, Lee PC, Shiu AT, Ho SS, Chan HY, Lam WW, Goggins WB, Chan CW.Uptake of prostate cancer screening and associated factors among Chinese men aged 50 or more: a population-based survey. Cancer Biol Med, 2014,11:56-63.
  • Tingen MS, Weinrich SP, Boyd MD, Weinrich MC. Prostate cancer screening: predictors of participation. Journal of American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 1997, 9:557-67.
  • Tosco, L., Briganti A, D'amico AV, Eastham J, Eisenberger M, Gleave M, Haustermans K, Logothetis CJ, Saad F, Sweeney C, Taplin ME, Fizazi K. Systematic Review of Systemic Therapies and Therapeutic Combinations with Local Treatments for High-risk Localized Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2019, 75(1):44-60. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.07.027.
  • Whaley QM. (2006). The Relationship Between Perceived Barriers and Prostate Cancer Screening Practices Among African-American Men. Retrieved from http://purl.flvc.org/fsu/fd/FSU_migr_etd-1131.
  • Weinrich SP, Seger R, Miller BL, Davis C, Kim S, Wheeler C, Weinrich M. Knowledge of the limitations associated with prostate cancer screening among low-income men. Cancer Nursing. 2004,27, pp 442-53.
  • Weinrich SP, Reynolds WA, Jr Tingen MS, Starr CR. Barriers to prostate cancer screening. Cancer Nursing, 2000, 23:117-21.
  • Winterich G. Julie A. Grzywacz SA, Peter E. David P. Miller, MD, Mark BD, Thomas A. Men's knowledge and beliefs about prostate cancer: education, race, and screening status. Ethnicity & Disease, 2009, 19:199-203.
  • Yencilek F, Koca O, Kuru M. Prostat Kanserinde Tanı. Nucl Med Semin, 2018, 4:163-173.
  • Zare M, Ghodsbin F, Jahanbin I, Ariafar A, Keshavarzi S, Izadi T.The Effect of Health Belief Model-Based Education on Knowledge and Prostate Cancer Screening Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2016, 4(1):57-68.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Halk Sağlığı, Çevre Sağlığı
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Fuat Kahraman 0000-0002-7255-1149

Dilek Kılıç 0000-0003-1799-2475

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kahraman, F., & Kılıç, D. (2019). 40 Yaş Üzeri Bireylerin Prostat Kanseri Taramalarına İlişkin Sağlık İnanç ve Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi. Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 1(3), 103-118.

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