40 Yaş Üzeri Bireylerin Prostat Kanseri Taramalarına İlişkin Sağlık İnanç ve Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 103 - 118, 31.12.2019

Fuat Kahraman , Dilek Kılıç

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, 40 yaş ve üzeri
bireylerin prostat kanseri taramalarına ilişkin sağlık inançlarını ve
tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Materyal
ve Metot: Tanımlayıcı
türde olan bu araştırma bir üniversitede çalışan 40 yaş ve üzeri akademik ve
idari personel ile Haziran 2013-Temmuz 2015 tarihleri arasında
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve Prostat
Kanseri Taramaları Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği (PKTSİMÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için etik kurul onayı ile
kurum izni alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistik, bağımsız
guruplarda t Testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans (One Way ANOVA) analizi, Kruskal Wallis
testi ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde
p<0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin
büyük çoğunluğunun (% 88.6) daha önce prostat muayenesi olmadığı, muayene
olanların tamamının prostat ile ilgili şikayetlerinin muayene olmayı
etkilediği, %91’inin daha önce prostat kanseri taraması için PSA (Prostat
Spesifik Antijen) yaptırmadığı, aile ve akrabasında (%80) ile çevresinde (%71)
prostat kanseri teşhisi konan birey bulunmadığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmaya
katılan bireylerin PKTSİMÖ prostat taramalarını etkileyen Sağlık Motivasyonu
Algısı (=32.33±7.41)
ile Engel Algısı (=37.43±9.29)
puan ortalamalarının yüksek, Duyarlılık Algısı (=12.13±4.10)
ve Ciddiyet Algısı (=12.10±4.16)
puan ortalamalarının ise düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada bireylerin
yaşlarına göre PKTSİMÖ ciddiyet algısı ve Sağlık Motivasyonu Algısı puan
ortalmasının ve çalışma süresine göre ciddiyet algısı puan ortalmasının anlamlı
farklılık oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin gelecekte prostat muayenesi veya taramasına
katılmayı düşünme durumuna göre Sağlık Motivasyonu Algısı puan
ortalamasının ve prostat muayenesinin
utandırıcı olduğunu düşünme durumuna göre ciddiyet algısı ve engel
algısı puan ortalamasının, prostat
kanserine ilişkin bilgilerin nereden öğrenildiği durumuna göre duyarlık
algısı puanları ortalamasının farklılık oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin
büyük bir çoğunluğunun prostat kanseri taramalarına katılmadığı, bireylerin
PKTSİMÖ engel algısının yüksek, duyarlılık ve ciddiyet algısının ise düşük
olduğu, yaş ve çalışma süresinin PKTSİMÖ etkilediği saptanmıştır. Prostat
kanseri taramalarına yönelik olumlu tutum ve inanç oluşturmak için hemşireler
tarafından eğitim programları yapılması önerilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemşirelik, prostat kanseri, tarama, sağlık inanç modeli

Determining Health Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Prostate Cancer Scans in Individuals Over 40

Öz

Aim: This study has been carried out with the purpose of determining health
beliefs and attitudes towards prostate cancer scans in individuals over 40.

Material and Method: The study has been carried out among the university
academic and administrative staff between June 2013 and July 2013. The study
has been a descriptive one. The boundaries of the study has been comprised of
university academic and administrative staff over 40 (n=78). There has not been
chosen any paradigm in the study and it has been completed with those who were
accessible and accepted to take part in the study. A questionnaire form including
‘Personal Questionnaire’ and ‘PCSBOHBM’ has been used as a data collection
tool. Research Ethics Committee Approval and permissions from other
institutions have been taken in order for the study to be carried out.
Percentage distributions, Chi-square, t test in independent groups,
Mann-Whitney U test have been used in the evaluation of the data.

Results: It has been found out that a great majority of the participants (88.6%)
has not had a prostate scan before, all of those who were examined (100%) were
affected in terms of treatment due to their complaints about prostate, most of
them (91%) have not had before a PSA for prostate cancer scanning, there has
not been any individual who has a family member or a relative (80%) or someone
around (70%) diagnosed with a prostate cancer. It has been found out that
participants’ point averages of health motivation level (=32.33±7.41)
and obstacle perception level (=37.43±9.29)
which affect PCSBOHBM prostate scans are high, point averages of sensitivity
level (=12.13±4.10)
and perception of severity level (=12.10±4.16)
are low. It has been determined that there are significant differences (p<0.05) between sub-dimensions of PCSBOHBM perception of
severity and health motivation according to participants’ ages and between
their working time with the perception of severity and their
sub-dimensions.  It has been found that
there is a significant difference (p<0.05) in terms of health motivation points of the
participants according to whether they think about having a prostate
examination or scan in the future and perception of severity according to
considering prostate examination something embarrassing and dimension of
obstacle perception and points of sensitivity perception according to where the
information related to prostate cancer are obtained.

Conclusion: It has been determined that most of the participants
have not attended prostate cancer scans, their level of obstacle perception is
high, sensitivity and severity perception is low, their age and working time affect
PCSBOHBM. Educational programs are recommended for creating a positive attitude
and belief towards prostate cancer scans.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nursing, Prostate cancer, screen, health belief model

Kaynakça

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