Kanatlılarda Antibakteriyel kullanımı ve Direnç Seviyesi: Orta-Kuzey ve Güney-Batı Nijerya’da Geçmişe Yönelik Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 13 - 17, 24.07.2018

Kantiyok T. Josiah Arowolo O.a. Reubem Semaka A. Asaaga Gberindyer F. Aondover

Öz

Şüphesiz antibiyotikler hayvanların yanı sıra insanları da
bakteriyel hastalıklar ve bunlardan kaynaklanan ölümlerden kurtarmıştır. Ancak,
bakteriyel direnç insan ve hayvanları çok ciddi tehdit etmektedir. Bu
çalışmanın amacı Nijerya’da kanatlılarda antibiyotik kullanımını ve ekonomik
öneme sahip yaygın antibiyotiklere karşı direnç düzeyini araştırmaktı.
Orta-Kuzey ve Güney-Batı Nijerya’da kanatlı pratiğinde antibiyotik kullanım
şekli veterinerler, hayvan sağlığı ile ilgili çalışanlar ve kanatlı yetiştiricilerine
150 anket uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Yine, duyarlılık ve direnç oranlarının
elde edildiği, ülkedeki üç tanınmış veteriner tanı laboratuvarından laboratuvar
sonuçları kullanılarak antibakteriyel direnç düzeyi araştırılmıştır. Kanatlı
pratiğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan doxycycline ve oxytetracycline yaygın
bakteriyel enfeksiyonlarda en sık reçete edilen antibiyotiklerdi. Farklı
antibiyotiklerle tedavilerin %50’den fazlasında antibiyotik dozu da dahil,
spesifikasyonlar izlenmiyordu. Salmonella
spp, Pasteurella spp, Avibacterium
paragallinarum, Mycoplasma spp, ve Escherichia
coli’nin kanatlılardan elde edilen klinik izolatlarının %50’den fazlası
amoxicillin, ampicillin, colistin, gentamicin, tylosin, erythromycin ve
enrofloxacin gibi yaygın olarak kullanılan antibiyotiklere dirençliydi.
Kanatlılarda antibiyotiklerin uygunsuz kullanımı, yaygın antibiyotiklere karşı
yüksek antibakteriyel direnç prevalansını açıklayabilmektedir. Kanatlı
yetiştiriciliğinde dirençli bakterilerin ortaya çıkmasını, halk sağlığını
etkilemesini ve ekonomik kayıpları önlemek için kanatlılarda doğru antibiyotik
kullanımı zorunludur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antibiyotikler, Antibiyotik direnci, Kanatlı hayvanlar, Reçete

Antibacterial Use and Level of Resistance in Poultry: A Retrospective Study in North-Central and South-West Nigeria

Öz

There is no doubt that antibacterial agents have saved the human race as
well as animals from deaths and sufferings due to bacterial diseases. However,
bacterial resistance is a major threat to human and animals. The objectives of
this study were to investigate the pattern of antibacterial use in poultry, and
the level of resistance by common bacterial agents of economic importance in
Nigeria. Pattern of antibacterial use in poultry practice in North-Central and
South-West Nigeria were obtained from 150 questionnaires administered to
practicing veterinarians, animal health workers and poultry farmers. Again, the
level of antibacterial resistance was investigated employing laboratory results
from three renowned veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the country where the
rates of sensitivity as well as resistance were obtained. Among the commonly
used antibiotics in poultry practice, doxycycline and oxytetracycline were the
most frequently prescribed for chickens infected with common bacteria organisms. Well over 50% of the treatments with different
antibiotics did not follow the specifications, including dosage regimen. Over
50% of Salmonella spp, Pasteurella spp, Avibacterium
paragallinarum, Mycoplasma spp, and Escherichia
coli clinical isolates from poultry were resistant to the commonly used
antibacterial agents such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, colistin, gentamicin,
tylosin, erythromycin, and enrofloxacin. The observed inappropriate use of
antibacterial agents in poultry could explain the high prevalence of bacterial resistance to common antibacterial agents. Judicious antibacterial use in poultry practice is imperative in order
to circumvent the emergence of resistant bacteria organisms, public health
implications, and economic losses in poultry production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antibacterial drugs, Antibacterial resistance, Poultry, Prescription pattern

Kaynakça

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