BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Gastrointestinal bleeding in children

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 2 - 11, 05.11.2011

Öz

Gastrointestinal bleeding may be a serious problem in children because the total blood volume of a child is relatively small and blood losses from gastrointestinal tract can easily deteriorate the child. It is an uncommon but not a rare condition, and differential diagnosis is based on the age of the patient, the localization and characteristics of bleeding with accompanying symptoms. This article reviews the spectrum of gastrointestinal bleeding in children, including the etiology, diagnostic evaluation and management.

Kaynakça

  • Gilger MA. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. In: Walker WA, ed. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:258-80.
  • Franciosi JP, Fiorino K, Ruchelli E, Shults J, Spergel J, Liacouras CA, et al. Changing indications for upper endoscopy in children during Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;51:443-7. period. J Pediatr
  • Chaibou M, Tucci M, Dugas MA, Farrell CA, Proulx F, Lacroix J. Clinically significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding acquired in a pediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study. Pediatrics 1998;102:933-8.
  • Cochran EB, Phelps SJ, Tolley EA, Stidham GL. Prevalence of, and risk factors for, upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in critically ill pediatric 1992;20:1519-23. Crit Care Med
  • Apt L, Downey WS, Jr. Melena neonatorum: the swallowed blood syndrome; a simple test for the differentiation of adult and fetal hemoglobin in bloody stools. J Pediatr 1955;47:6-12.
  • Chawla S, Seth D, Mahajan P, Kamat D. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2007;46:16-21.
  • Kuusela AL, Maki M, Ruuska T, Laippala P. Stress-induced gastric findings in critically ill newborn infants: frequency and risk factors. Intensive Care Med 2000;26:1501-6.
  • Reveiz L, Guerrero-Lozano R, Camacho A, Yara L, Mosquera PA. Stress ulcer, gastritis, and gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill pediatric patients: a systematic review. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2010;11:124- 32.
  • Dubois J, Rypens F, Garel L, Yazbeck S, Therasse gastrointestinal vascular anomalies: imaging and 2007;37:566-74. G. Pediatric therapeutic issues. Pediatr Radiol
  • Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Abenhaim L, Michaud L, Mouterde O, Jonville-Bera AP, Giraudeau B, et al. Clinical features and risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children: a case-crossover study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66:831-7.
  • Boyle JT. Gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and children. Pediatr Rev 2008;29:39-52.
  • McKiernan PJ. Use of beta-blockers for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000;31:93-4.
  • Racadio JM, Agha AK, Johnson ND, Warner BW. Imaging and radiological interventional techniques for gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Semin Pediatr Surg 1999;8:181-92.
  • Fox VL. Gastrointestinal bleeding in infancy and childhood. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2000;29:37-66.
  • Gilger MA. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding In: Walker WA, ed. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:258-80.
  • Cox K, Ament ME. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Pediatrics 1979;63:408-13. and adolescents.
  • Houben CH, Chiu PW, Lau JY, Lee KH, Ng EK, Tam YH, et al. Duodenal ulcers dominate acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in childhood: a 10-year experience from Hong Kong. J Dig Dis 2008;9:199-203.
  • Arora NK, Ganguly S, Mathur P, Ahuja A, Patwari A. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: etiology and management. Indian J Pediatr 2002;69:155-68.
  • Corley DA, Cello JP, Adkisson W, Ko WF, Kerlikowske esophageal variceal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2001;120:946-54. acute
  • Eroglu Y, Emerick KM, Whitingon PF, Alonso EM. Octreotide therapy for control of acute gastrointestinal bleeding in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004;38:41-7.
  • Yan BM, Lee SS. Emergency management of bleeding esophageal varices: drugs, bands or sleep? Can J Gastroenterol 2006;20:165-70.
  • Abid S, Jafri W, Hamid S, Salih M, Azam Z, Mumtaz K, et al. Terlipressin vs. octreotide in bleeding esophageal varices as an adjuvant therapy with endoscopic band ligation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:617-23.
  • Kay MH, Wyllie R. Therapeutic endoscopy for nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007;45:157-71.
  • Calvet X, Vergara M, Brullet E, Gisbert JP, Campo R. Addition of a second endoscopic treatment following epinephrine injection improves outcome in high-risk bleeding ulcers. Gastroenterology 2004;126:441-50.
  • Zargar SA, Yattoo GN, Javid G, Khan BA, Shah AH, Shah NA, et al. Fifteen-year follow up of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. 2004;19:139-45. Hepatol
  • Abd El-Hamid N, Taylor RM, Marinello D, Mufti GJ, Patel R, Mieli-Vergani G, et al. Aetiology and management of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children: King's College Hospital experience. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008;47:630-4.
  • Pokharna RK, Kumar S, Khatri PC, Chahar CK. Endoscopic variceal ligation using multiband ligator. Indian Pediatr 2005;42:131- 4.
  • Azarow K, Kim P, Shandling B, Ein S. A 45- year experience with surgical treatment of peptic ulcer disease in children. J Pediatr Surg 1996;31:750-3.
  • Teach SJ, Fleisher GR. Rectal bleeding in the pediatric emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1994;23:1252-8.
  • Caplan MS, Jilling T. New concepts in necrotizing enterocolitis. Curr Opin Pediatr 2001;13:111-5.
  • Guner YS, Chokshi N, Petrosyan M, Upperman JS, Ford HR, Grikscheit TC. Necrotizing enterocolitis--bench to bedside: novel and emerging strategies. Semin Pediatr Surg 2008;17:255-65.
  • Murphy F, Puri P. New insights into the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's associated enterocolitis. Pediatr Surg Int 2005;21:773-9.
  • Kneepkens CM, Meijer Y. Clinical practice. Diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk allergy. Eur J Pediatr 2009;168:891-6.
  • Turck D, Michaud L. Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding. In: Walker WA, ed. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:266-80. Philadelphia:
  • Leung AK, Wong AL. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 2002;18:319-23.
  • Brown RL, Azizkhan RG. Gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and children: Meckel's diverticulum and intestinal duplication. Semin Pediatr Surg 1999;8:202-9.
  • Durno CA. Colonic polyps in children and adolescents. Can J Gastroenterol 2007;21:233- 9.
  • Schreibman IR, Baker M, Amos C, McGarrity TJ. The hamartomatous polyposis syndromes: a clinical and molecular review. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:476-90.
  • Ebert EC. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura. Dig Dis Sci 2008;53:2011-9.
  • Keshtgar AS. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in children. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;20:89-92.
  • Kiratli PO, Aksoy T, Bozkurt MF, Orhan D. Detection of ectopic gastric mucosa using 99mTc pertechnetate: review of the literature. Ann Nucl Med 2009;23:97-105.
  • Warrington JC, Charron M. Pediatric gastrointestinal nuclear medicine. Semin Nucl Med 2007;37:269-85.
  • Barnert J, Messmann H. Diagnosis and management bleeding. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;6:637-46. gastrointestinal
  • de' Angelis GL, Fornaroli F, de' Angelis N, Magiteri B, Bizzarri B. Wireless capsule endoscopy for pediatric small-bowel diseases. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1749-57.
  • Atay O, Mahajan L, Kay M, Mohr F, Kaplan B, Wyllie R. Risk of capsule endoscope retention in pediatric patients: a large single- center experience and review of the literature. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009;49:196-201.
  • Heaton ND, Davenport M, Howard ER.
  • Symptomatic hemorrhoids and anorectal varices in children with portal hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 1992;27:833-5.
Yıl 2011, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4, 2 - 11, 05.11.2011

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Gilger MA. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. In: Walker WA, ed. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:258-80.
  • Franciosi JP, Fiorino K, Ruchelli E, Shults J, Spergel J, Liacouras CA, et al. Changing indications for upper endoscopy in children during Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;51:443-7. period. J Pediatr
  • Chaibou M, Tucci M, Dugas MA, Farrell CA, Proulx F, Lacroix J. Clinically significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding acquired in a pediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study. Pediatrics 1998;102:933-8.
  • Cochran EB, Phelps SJ, Tolley EA, Stidham GL. Prevalence of, and risk factors for, upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in critically ill pediatric 1992;20:1519-23. Crit Care Med
  • Apt L, Downey WS, Jr. Melena neonatorum: the swallowed blood syndrome; a simple test for the differentiation of adult and fetal hemoglobin in bloody stools. J Pediatr 1955;47:6-12.
  • Chawla S, Seth D, Mahajan P, Kamat D. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2007;46:16-21.
  • Kuusela AL, Maki M, Ruuska T, Laippala P. Stress-induced gastric findings in critically ill newborn infants: frequency and risk factors. Intensive Care Med 2000;26:1501-6.
  • Reveiz L, Guerrero-Lozano R, Camacho A, Yara L, Mosquera PA. Stress ulcer, gastritis, and gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill pediatric patients: a systematic review. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2010;11:124- 32.
  • Dubois J, Rypens F, Garel L, Yazbeck S, Therasse gastrointestinal vascular anomalies: imaging and 2007;37:566-74. G. Pediatric therapeutic issues. Pediatr Radiol
  • Grimaldi-Bensouda L, Abenhaim L, Michaud L, Mouterde O, Jonville-Bera AP, Giraudeau B, et al. Clinical features and risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children: a case-crossover study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66:831-7.
  • Boyle JT. Gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and children. Pediatr Rev 2008;29:39-52.
  • McKiernan PJ. Use of beta-blockers for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000;31:93-4.
  • Racadio JM, Agha AK, Johnson ND, Warner BW. Imaging and radiological interventional techniques for gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Semin Pediatr Surg 1999;8:181-92.
  • Fox VL. Gastrointestinal bleeding in infancy and childhood. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2000;29:37-66.
  • Gilger MA. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding In: Walker WA, ed. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:258-80.
  • Cox K, Ament ME. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Pediatrics 1979;63:408-13. and adolescents.
  • Houben CH, Chiu PW, Lau JY, Lee KH, Ng EK, Tam YH, et al. Duodenal ulcers dominate acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in childhood: a 10-year experience from Hong Kong. J Dig Dis 2008;9:199-203.
  • Arora NK, Ganguly S, Mathur P, Ahuja A, Patwari A. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: etiology and management. Indian J Pediatr 2002;69:155-68.
  • Corley DA, Cello JP, Adkisson W, Ko WF, Kerlikowske esophageal variceal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2001;120:946-54. acute
  • Eroglu Y, Emerick KM, Whitingon PF, Alonso EM. Octreotide therapy for control of acute gastrointestinal bleeding in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2004;38:41-7.
  • Yan BM, Lee SS. Emergency management of bleeding esophageal varices: drugs, bands or sleep? Can J Gastroenterol 2006;20:165-70.
  • Abid S, Jafri W, Hamid S, Salih M, Azam Z, Mumtaz K, et al. Terlipressin vs. octreotide in bleeding esophageal varices as an adjuvant therapy with endoscopic band ligation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:617-23.
  • Kay MH, Wyllie R. Therapeutic endoscopy for nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007;45:157-71.
  • Calvet X, Vergara M, Brullet E, Gisbert JP, Campo R. Addition of a second endoscopic treatment following epinephrine injection improves outcome in high-risk bleeding ulcers. Gastroenterology 2004;126:441-50.
  • Zargar SA, Yattoo GN, Javid G, Khan BA, Shah AH, Shah NA, et al. Fifteen-year follow up of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. 2004;19:139-45. Hepatol
  • Abd El-Hamid N, Taylor RM, Marinello D, Mufti GJ, Patel R, Mieli-Vergani G, et al. Aetiology and management of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children: King's College Hospital experience. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008;47:630-4.
  • Pokharna RK, Kumar S, Khatri PC, Chahar CK. Endoscopic variceal ligation using multiband ligator. Indian Pediatr 2005;42:131- 4.
  • Azarow K, Kim P, Shandling B, Ein S. A 45- year experience with surgical treatment of peptic ulcer disease in children. J Pediatr Surg 1996;31:750-3.
  • Teach SJ, Fleisher GR. Rectal bleeding in the pediatric emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1994;23:1252-8.
  • Caplan MS, Jilling T. New concepts in necrotizing enterocolitis. Curr Opin Pediatr 2001;13:111-5.
  • Guner YS, Chokshi N, Petrosyan M, Upperman JS, Ford HR, Grikscheit TC. Necrotizing enterocolitis--bench to bedside: novel and emerging strategies. Semin Pediatr Surg 2008;17:255-65.
  • Murphy F, Puri P. New insights into the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's associated enterocolitis. Pediatr Surg Int 2005;21:773-9.
  • Kneepkens CM, Meijer Y. Clinical practice. Diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk allergy. Eur J Pediatr 2009;168:891-6.
  • Turck D, Michaud L. Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding. In: Walker WA, ed. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005:266-80. Philadelphia:
  • Leung AK, Wong AL. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 2002;18:319-23.
  • Brown RL, Azizkhan RG. Gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and children: Meckel's diverticulum and intestinal duplication. Semin Pediatr Surg 1999;8:202-9.
  • Durno CA. Colonic polyps in children and adolescents. Can J Gastroenterol 2007;21:233- 9.
  • Schreibman IR, Baker M, Amos C, McGarrity TJ. The hamartomatous polyposis syndromes: a clinical and molecular review. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:476-90.
  • Ebert EC. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura. Dig Dis Sci 2008;53:2011-9.
  • Keshtgar AS. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in children. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;20:89-92.
  • Kiratli PO, Aksoy T, Bozkurt MF, Orhan D. Detection of ectopic gastric mucosa using 99mTc pertechnetate: review of the literature. Ann Nucl Med 2009;23:97-105.
  • Warrington JC, Charron M. Pediatric gastrointestinal nuclear medicine. Semin Nucl Med 2007;37:269-85.
  • Barnert J, Messmann H. Diagnosis and management bleeding. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;6:637-46. gastrointestinal
  • de' Angelis GL, Fornaroli F, de' Angelis N, Magiteri B, Bizzarri B. Wireless capsule endoscopy for pediatric small-bowel diseases. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1749-57.
  • Atay O, Mahajan L, Kay M, Mohr F, Kaplan B, Wyllie R. Risk of capsule endoscope retention in pediatric patients: a large single- center experience and review of the literature. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009;49:196-201.
  • Heaton ND, Davenport M, Howard ER.
  • Symptomatic hemorrhoids and anorectal varices in children with portal hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 1992;27:833-5.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Reviews
Yazarlar

Gulin Hizal Bu kişi benim

Hasan Ozen

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Kasım 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Hizal, G., & Ozen, H. (2011). Gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Journal of Pediatric Sciences, 3(4), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.17334/jps.90843
AMA Hizal G, Ozen H. Gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Journal of Pediatric Sciences. Kasım 2011;3(4):2-11. doi:10.17334/jps.90843
Chicago Hizal, Gulin, ve Hasan Ozen. “Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children”. Journal of Pediatric Sciences 3, sy. 4 (Kasım 2011): 2-11. https://doi.org/10.17334/jps.90843.
EndNote Hizal G, Ozen H (01 Kasım 2011) Gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Journal of Pediatric Sciences 3 4 2–11.
IEEE G. Hizal ve H. Ozen, “Gastrointestinal bleeding in children”, Journal of Pediatric Sciences, c. 3, sy. 4, ss. 2–11, 2011, doi: 10.17334/jps.90843.
ISNAD Hizal, Gulin - Ozen, Hasan. “Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children”. Journal of Pediatric Sciences 3/4 (Kasım 2011), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.17334/jps.90843.
JAMA Hizal G, Ozen H. Gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Journal of Pediatric Sciences. 2011;3:2–11.
MLA Hizal, Gulin ve Hasan Ozen. “Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Children”. Journal of Pediatric Sciences, c. 3, sy. 4, 2011, ss. 2-11, doi:10.17334/jps.90843.
Vancouver Hizal G, Ozen H. Gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Journal of Pediatric Sciences. 2011;3(4):2-11.