D VİTAMİNİ VE COVID-19

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 107 - 120, 16.06.2023

Hüseyin Feyzi Özmen , Ömer Çetin

Öz

Çin’in Wuhan eyaletinde ortaya çıkan ve kısa zamanda tüm dünyaya yayılan SARSCoV-2 (şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs-2), yeni bir koronavirüs olup damlacık
yoluyla bulaşmakta ve COVID-19 (koronavirüs hastalığı 2019) hastalığına neden olmaktadır.
Hastalık genelde asemptomatik seyrederken bazı vakalarda hafif-orta veya şiddetli semptomlar
görülebilmektedir. Koronavirüs hastalığı ilk görüldüğü tarihten yaklaşık 1 yıl sonra pandemi
olarak ilan edilmiş ve beraberinde aşı ve tedavi arayışları da yoğunlaşmıştır. D vitamini,
kalsiyum emilimi ve kemik mineralizasyonu gibi iskelet sistemine ait görevleri bulunan; ancak
immünomodülatör görevlere de sahip olduğu düşünülen bir maddedir. Yağda çözünmekte,
temel olarak ultraviyole (UV) irradyasyon yoluyla deride sentezlenmekte ve aynı zamanda
yağlı balık ve balık karaciğer yağı başta olmak üzere besinlerden, zenginleştirilmiş besinlerden
veya D vitamini desteklerinden alınabilmektedir. Henüz konsensus sağlanamasa da, D
vitamininin akut solunum yolu enfeksiyon riskiyle ilişkili olduğunu gösteren gözlemsel ve
klinik çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bununla birlikte vitaminin, sitokin salınımını regüle etme ve βdefensin ve katelisidin gibi antimikrobiyal peptidleri eksprese etme yoluyla COVID-19’da
prognozu iyileştirdiği öne sürülmektedir. Pandeminin başlarında ekolojik çalışmalarca D
vitamini ile COVID-19 arasında bir korelasyon olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu korelasyon diğer
gözlemsel çalışmalarla da desteklenmiş, D vitaminindeki yetersizliğin COVID-19
enfeksiyonunda artmış duyarlılık, yükselmiş hastanede yatış oranı, uzamış hastanede kalış
süresi ve artmış hastalık şiddeti ve mortalite ile ilişkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Ancak, D vitamini
desteğinin hastalık şiddetine ve mortaliteye etkisini inceleyen az sayıdaki klinik çalışma,
tasarım bakımından farklılıklar göstermiş, tutarsız sonuçlar vermiş ve D vitamini ile hastalık
şiddeti veya mortalite arasındaki ilişkiyi kanıtlamada yetersiz kalmıştır. Koronavirüs hastalığı
ile D vitamini arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen daha fazla sayıda iyi tasarlanmış klinik çalışmaya
ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

D vitamini, COVİD-19, SARS-COV-2

Kaynakça

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