Effect of using colemanite and basalt fiber on the mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars

Abstract

In the current studies which focus on the impact of CO2 emissions that released from the cement industry, showed the importance

of finding alternative binders other than cement like geopolymer. This paper presented metakaolin based geopolymer which was

manufactured by partially replacing metakaolin with colemanite with different percentages (10%, 20%, and 30%), to investigate

the effect of colemanite on the mechanical properties of geopolymer. Then a comparison was carried out between non-fibrous

specimens and basalt fiber reinforced ones to evaluate the improvement in terms of flexural and compressive strength of

metakaolin-based geopolymer. The results showed that replacing metakaolin with 10% colemanite and adding 1% basalt fiber

achieved 28.17% improvement in flexural strength at age 7 days compared to the reference sample.

Keywords

• Geopolymer,Metakaolin,Colemanite,Basalt Fibers

References

1. 1. Klein, Manfred and Donald Rose, "Development of CME National Emission Guidelines for Cement Kilns” in CANMET/ACZ International Symposium on Sustainable Development of the Cement and Concrete Industry, editorV.M.Malhotra, Ottawa, October 1998, pp. 16-30.Klein, Manfred and Donald Rose, "Development of CME National Emission Guidelines for Cement Kilns” in CANMET/ACZ International Symposium on Sustainable Development of the Cement and Concrete Industry, editorV.M.Malhotra, Ottawa, October 1998, pp. 16-30.
2. 2. D. N. Huntzinger., T. D. Eatmon. A life-cycle assessment of Portland cement manufacturing: comparing the traditional process with alternative technologies. In Journal of Cleaner Production 17 (2009) 668–675.
3. 3. M. Stajanča and A. Eštokova. “Environmental Impacts Of Cement Production” University of Košice ,( 2012)
4. 4. T. W. Bremner “Environmental Aspects Of Concrete Problems and Solutions” in 1st All-Russian Conference on Concrete and Reinforced Concrete, ( 2001).
5. 5. Joseph Davidovits.”Geopolymers: Inorganic Polymeric New Materials”, in Thermal Analysis Journal, Saint Quentin, France, (1991).
6. 6. Joseph Davidovits.”Environmentally Driven Geopolymer Cement Application”, in Geopolymer conference, Melbourne, Australia, (2002).
7. 7. A. Palmo., M. W. Grutzeck. And M. T. Blanco. “Alkali-activated fly ashes A cement for the future” in Cement and Concrete Research,Spain ,(1999).
8. 8. Joseph Davidovits.”Geopolymer Cement”, Institute of Geopolymer, France, (2013).

9. 9. A. Palmo., P. Krivenko., I. Garcia-Lodeiro., E. Kavalerova., O. Maltseva and A. Fernandez-Jimenez., “ A review on alkaline activation: new analytical perspectives ” in construction materials journal., Madrid, Spain ,(2014).
10. 10. H. Rahier, B. Van Mele and J. Wastiels. Low-temperature synthesized aluminosilicate glasses J.Mater.Sci.31 80-85 (1996).
11. 11. Joseph Davidovits. Geopolymer Chemistry and Application, Institute of Geopolymer, Quentin, France – 4th edition (2008)- 393.
12. 12. S. Das, and P. Saha.,” Sustainable and Durable Mortar/Concrete Using Geopolymer”. 3rd World conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Technology, Nepal, (2014).
13. 13. G. Hemanaag, and B. S. R. K. Prasad.,” Geo-polymer Concrete using Metakaolin, Fly-Ash and their comparision”. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology., India, (2014).
14. 14. S. E. Wallah and B. V. Rangan, "Low –calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete: long-term properties", Research Report GC2, Faculty of Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia, 2006, pp. 1-97.
15. 15. P. Behera, V. Baheti, J. Militky and P. Louda. “Elevated temperature properties of basalt micofibril filled geopolymer composites”, in Construction and Building Materials, 2018.
16. 16. E. Rill, D. R. Lowry, and W. M. Kriven. “Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites”, Departement of Material Science and Endineering, University of Illinois at Urban-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
17. 17. L. Chen, Z. Wang, Y. Wang and J. Feng. “Prepartion and Properties of Alkali Activated Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer”, in Materials journal , (2016).
18. 18. L. Aponte, R. Gutierrrez, and A. Ramirez. “Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer withAdded TiO2 Particles: Physicomechanical Characteristics”,Editor : S. Gross, in Coatings Journal, (2017).
19. 19. A. Celik, and G. Cakal. “Characterization of Espey Colemanite and Variation of its Physical Properties with Temperature”, in Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing Journal, Ankara, Turkey, (2014).
20. 20. ASTM C109/109M, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars, Annual Book of ASTM Standards (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens, 1. Chemical Analysis, (C109/C109M – 11b), 2010, pp 1-9.
21. 21. ASTM C348, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1998, pp 2-7.