KENEVİR, TIBBİ KENEVİR VE ESRAR ÜÇLÜSÜNÜN SİMBİYOTİK ETKİLEŞİMİ: ALGI, POLİTİKA VE GÜVENLİK MEKANİZMALARI

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 5, 226 - 268, 31.12.2025

İbrahim H. Seydioğulları , Hüseyin Aşkın

Öz

Kenevir tıbbi alanda kullanılabilen, öte yandan içerdiği psikoaktif nedeniyle uyuşturucu ve hayal gösterici etkileri bulunan bir bitkidir. İnsanoğlu asırlardan beri tanımaktadır. Farklı endüstrilerde kullanılması mümkündür. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de psikoaktif olarak kötüye kullanımı yaygındır. Daha ağır ve sentetik uyuşturuculara basamak teşkil edebilir. Endüstriyel kenevir üretimi Türkiye’de 1990 yılında başlamıştır. 2023 yılı itibariyle de tıbbi kenevir üretimi mümkün olmuştur. Tıbbi kenevir üretimine ilişkin yasal düzenlemeler, uluslararası ve ulusal anlamda birçok uygulamanın konusudur. Birey ve toplum sağlığı ile birey ve toplum güvenliğinin sağlanmasından, Türkiye’nin ekonomik çıkarlarının korunmasına kadar birden fazla alanla ilgilidir. Tıbbi kenevirle bağlantılı önemli noktalardan biri ceza hukuku uygulamalarıdır. Tıbbi kenevirde yasal ve yasa dışı alan iç içedir. Bu özelliği nedeniyle uygulandığı bölgelerde gri pazar oluşma riski yüksektir. Bu çalışma, tıbbi kenevir uygulamalarına dair henüz hazırlık aşamasında olan ikincil mevzuat çalışmaları açısından önem arz etmektedir. Yürürlüğe konacak yönetmelik hükümleri, Türkiye’nin kenevir konusundaki geleceğini belirleyecektir. Alan disiplin altına alınabileceği gibi içinden çıkılamaz hale de gelecektir. Amacımız politika yapıcıların çalışmalarına küçük de olsa katkı sağlayabilmektir. Bu çalışmayla; kenevir ve esrar olgusuna dünya ve Türkiye’deki bakış açısını netleştirebilmek; iddia edilen faydalarına dönük tartışmaları irdeleyebilmek; Türkiye’de gelinen durum, onay ve çekinceleri tartışabilmek amaçlanmıştır. Dünya örneklerinden de yararlanarak yapılacak yönetmelik düzenlemesi için öneriler geliştirilecektir. Tıbbi kenevir düzenlemesinin toplumda oluşturacağı algı ve madde bağımlılığına dönük etkileri de çalışmanın konusudur. Makalede ayrıca tıbbi kenevir uygulamasının uyuşturucuyla mücadeleye yansımaları, birey ve toplum güvenliğinin sağlanması konuları irdelenecektir. Bu araştırma makalesinde nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tıbbi Kenevir , Esrar , Madde Bağımlılığı , Güvenlik , Algı

THE SYMBIOTIC INTERACTION OF CANNABIS, MEDICINAL CANNABIS, AND MARIJUANA: PERCEPTION, POLICY, AND SECURITY MECHANISMS

Öz

Cannabis is used in the medical field; however, it also contains psychoactive substances. Therefore, it is a plant that causes narcotic and hallucinogenic effects in users. People have been aware of cannabis for centuries, and it has been used in various industries. The abuse of its psychoactive properties is widespread both worldwide and in Türkiye, and it is considered a potential gateway to heavier and synthetic drugs. Industrial cannabis production in Türkiye began in 1990. In 2023, the production of medical cannabis became legally permissible. Legal regulations concerning medical cannabis production are the subject of numerous international and national enforcement efforts. These regulations address many different areas, ranging from ensuring individual and public health and security to protecting Türkiye’s economic interests. One of the most important issues related to medical cannabis is criminal law enforcement. In this field, the legal and illegal spheres are closely intertwined. Due to this situation, there is a high risk of a gray market emerging in regions where medical cannabis is implemented. This study is important in terms of secondary legislation efforts regarding medical cannabis procedures, which are still in the preparatory stage. The regulations that will enter into force will determine Türkiye’s future approach to cannabis. The issue may either be brought under control or become increasingly difficult to resolve. The purpose of this study is to contribute, even in a limited way, to the work of policymakers. With this study, we aim to clarify global and Turkish perspectives on cannabis and marijuana; to examine the debates surrounding their alleged benefits; and to discuss the current situation, approvals, and objections in Türkiye. Suggestions for regulatory amendments are developed based on examples from around the world. The study also addresses the societal perception that medical cannabis regulation may create and its potential effects on drug addiction. In addition, the article discusses the implications of medical cannabis use for anti-drug policy and the challenges of ensuring individual and public security. Qualitative research methods were used in this research article.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Medical Cannabis , Marijuana , Substance Addiction , Security , Perception

Kaynakça

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