Araştırma Makalesi
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THE NORTHERN IRELAND PROBLEM AND THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 24 - 40, 27.12.2023

Öz

The Northern Ireland Problem, which began in the 20th century but traces its roots back to the early 17th century when England set foot on the Ireland island with the aim of colonization, is a complex historical matter. The Irish Republican Army (IRA), which struggled to unite Northern Ireland with the Irish Republic, was established in the early 20th century and has been classified as a terrorist organization by many countries. The activities of the IRA represent both a chapter in the history of modern guerrilla warfare and one of the earliest examples of organized structures against nation-states. Among the distinctive and unique initiatives that set the IRA apart from other terrorist organizations are found within its activities. In this context, the study aims to examine the innovative activities that differentiate the IRA from other terrorist organizations and have influenced some terrorist groups worldwide. The purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth analysis of the innovative activities of the IRA and analyze their origins.

Kaynakça

  • Jackson, B. A. (2005). Provisional Irish Republican Army. B. A. Jackson, J. Baker, K. Cragin.
  • J. Parachini, H. R. Trujillo, P. Chalk (Ed.), Aptitude for Destruction, 2, Rand Corporation. 93-140.
  • Ackerman, Gary A. (2016). The Provisional Irish Republican Army and the Development of Mortars. Journal of Strategic Security, 9(1), 12-34.
  • Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in Context: Update to “The social psychology of creativity.” Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Anderson, N., & Gasteiger, R. M. (2007). Helping creativity and innovation thrive in organizations: Functional and dysfunctional perspectives. Research companion to the dysfunctional workplace: Management challenges and symptoms, 24(422), 107-128.
  • Clancy, M. A. C. (2016). Peace without consensus: Power sharing politics in Northern Ireland. Routledge.
  • Coogan, T.P. (2000) The IRA. New York, NY Palgrave.
  • Dewar, R. D., & Dutton, J.E. (1986). The Adoption Of Radical And İncremental İnnovations: An Empirical Analysis. Management Science, 32(11), 1422-1433.
  • Frank Wright. (1996) Ulster: Two Lands, One Soil, Gill&McMillan.
  • Gill, P., Lee, J., Rethemeyer, K. R., Horgan, J., & Asal, V. (2014). Lethal connections: The determinants of network connections in the Provisional Irish Republican Army, 1970– 1998. International Interactions, 40(1), 52-78.
  • Gill, P., Horgan, J., Hunter, S. T., & D. Cushenbery, L. (2013). Malevolent creativity in terrorist organizations. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 47(2), 125-151.
  • Gill, P., & Horgan, J. (2013). Who Were The Volunteers? The Shifting Sociological And Operational Profile of 1240 Provisional Irish Republican Army Members. Terrorism and political Violence, 25(3), 435-456.
  • Gumilev, L.N. (2003). Eski Ruslar ve Büyük Bozkır Halkları. Selenge.
  • Hennessey, T. (2013). Hunger Strike: Margaret Thatcher’s battle with the IRA, 1980-1981. Irish Academic Press.
  • Holland, J. (1999). Hope against history: the course of conflict in Northern Ireland. Hodder & Stoughton.
  • Horgan, J., & Taylor, M. (1997). The provisional Irish republican army: Command and functional structure. Terrorism and Political Violence, 9(3), 1-32.
  • Jackson, B. A. (2005). Provisional Irish Republican Army. B. A. Jackson, J. Baker, K. Cragin.
  • J. Parachini, H. R. Trujillo, P. Chalk (Ed.), Aptitude for Destruction, 2, Rand Corporation. 93-140.
  • Kennedy, L., & Ollerenshaw, P. (Eds.). (2013). Ulster Since 1600: Politics, Economy, And Society. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • McGuire, E. (2012). Enemy of the empire: Life as an international undercover IRA activist. The O’Brien Press.
  • Moloney, E. (2007). A Secret History of the IRA. Penguin UK. O’Callaghan, S. (1999). The informer. Random House.
  • O’Doherty, S.P. (2011) The Volunteer. New York: Strategic Books Publishing.
  • Oppenheimer, A. R. (2008). IRA, the bombs and the bullets: A history of deadly ingenuity. Irish Academic Press.
  • Perceval-Maxwell, M. (2021). The Scottish migration to Ulster in the reign of James I (Vol. 25). Routledge.
  • Ryder, C. (2005). A Special Kind of Courage: 321 EOD Squadron--Battling the Bombers. Methuen.
  • Smith, M. L. R. (2002). Fighting for Ireland?: the military strategy of the Irish Republican movement. Routledge.

KUZEY İRLANDA SORUNU VE İRLANDA KURTULUŞ ORDUSU’NUN YENİLİKÇİ FAALİYETLERİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 24 - 40, 27.12.2023

Öz

Kuzey İrlanda Sorunu 20. yüzyılda başlayan fakat kökeni İngiltere’nin İrlanda adasını sömürgeleştirme amacıyla ayak bastığı 17. yüzyıl başlarına dayanmaktadır. Kuzey İrlanda’yı İrlanda Cumhuriyeti ile birleştirmek için mücadele veren İrlanda Kurtuluş Ordusu (IRA) ise 20. yüzyıl başlarında kurulmuş ve birçok ülke tarafından terörist örgüt olarak tanımlanmıştır. IRA’nın faaliyetleri hem modern gerilla savaşı tarihi hem de ulus devletlere karşı organize olan yapılar arasında ilk örneklerden birini teşkil etmektedir. IRA’nın faaliyetleri arasında kendisini diğer terör örgütlerinden ayıran ve şahsına münhasır kılan yenilikçi girişimleri bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, IRA’yı diğer terör örgütlerinden farklılaştıran ve dünyadaki bazı terör örgütlerine öncülük eden inovatif faaliyetleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı IRA’nın söz konusu inovatif faaliyetlerini derinlemesine incelemek ve kökenlerini analiz etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Jackson, B. A. (2005). Provisional Irish Republican Army. B. A. Jackson, J. Baker, K. Cragin.
  • J. Parachini, H. R. Trujillo, P. Chalk (Ed.), Aptitude for Destruction, 2, Rand Corporation. 93-140.
  • Ackerman, Gary A. (2016). The Provisional Irish Republican Army and the Development of Mortars. Journal of Strategic Security, 9(1), 12-34.
  • Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in Context: Update to “The social psychology of creativity.” Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Anderson, N., & Gasteiger, R. M. (2007). Helping creativity and innovation thrive in organizations: Functional and dysfunctional perspectives. Research companion to the dysfunctional workplace: Management challenges and symptoms, 24(422), 107-128.
  • Clancy, M. A. C. (2016). Peace without consensus: Power sharing politics in Northern Ireland. Routledge.
  • Coogan, T.P. (2000) The IRA. New York, NY Palgrave.
  • Dewar, R. D., & Dutton, J.E. (1986). The Adoption Of Radical And İncremental İnnovations: An Empirical Analysis. Management Science, 32(11), 1422-1433.
  • Frank Wright. (1996) Ulster: Two Lands, One Soil, Gill&McMillan.
  • Gill, P., Lee, J., Rethemeyer, K. R., Horgan, J., & Asal, V. (2014). Lethal connections: The determinants of network connections in the Provisional Irish Republican Army, 1970– 1998. International Interactions, 40(1), 52-78.
  • Gill, P., Horgan, J., Hunter, S. T., & D. Cushenbery, L. (2013). Malevolent creativity in terrorist organizations. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 47(2), 125-151.
  • Gill, P., & Horgan, J. (2013). Who Were The Volunteers? The Shifting Sociological And Operational Profile of 1240 Provisional Irish Republican Army Members. Terrorism and political Violence, 25(3), 435-456.
  • Gumilev, L.N. (2003). Eski Ruslar ve Büyük Bozkır Halkları. Selenge.
  • Hennessey, T. (2013). Hunger Strike: Margaret Thatcher’s battle with the IRA, 1980-1981. Irish Academic Press.
  • Holland, J. (1999). Hope against history: the course of conflict in Northern Ireland. Hodder & Stoughton.
  • Horgan, J., & Taylor, M. (1997). The provisional Irish republican army: Command and functional structure. Terrorism and Political Violence, 9(3), 1-32.
  • Jackson, B. A. (2005). Provisional Irish Republican Army. B. A. Jackson, J. Baker, K. Cragin.
  • J. Parachini, H. R. Trujillo, P. Chalk (Ed.), Aptitude for Destruction, 2, Rand Corporation. 93-140.
  • Kennedy, L., & Ollerenshaw, P. (Eds.). (2013). Ulster Since 1600: Politics, Economy, And Society. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • McGuire, E. (2012). Enemy of the empire: Life as an international undercover IRA activist. The O’Brien Press.
  • Moloney, E. (2007). A Secret History of the IRA. Penguin UK. O’Callaghan, S. (1999). The informer. Random House.
  • O’Doherty, S.P. (2011) The Volunteer. New York: Strategic Books Publishing.
  • Oppenheimer, A. R. (2008). IRA, the bombs and the bullets: A history of deadly ingenuity. Irish Academic Press.
  • Perceval-Maxwell, M. (2021). The Scottish migration to Ulster in the reign of James I (Vol. 25). Routledge.
  • Ryder, C. (2005). A Special Kind of Courage: 321 EOD Squadron--Battling the Bombers. Methuen.
  • Smith, M. L. R. (2002). Fighting for Ireland?: the military strategy of the Irish Republican movement. Routledge.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bölgesel Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tolga Öztürk 0000-0002-8236-0389

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, T. (2023). THE NORTHERN IRELAND PROBLEM AND THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY. Güvenlik Ve İstihbarat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 24-40.