Ekonomik büyüme, enerji, finansal gelişme, ticaret, sermaye oluşumu ve kentleşmenin CO₂ emisyonu üzerindeki etkisi: Bangladeş örneği

Öz

Çevresel bozulma ve buna bağlı iklim değişikliği, ekosistem, insan yaşamı ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma açısından çok sayıda tehdit oluşturduğundan, günümüzde çevre bilimcilerin en önemli gündem konularından biri hâline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, gelişmekte olan ekonomiler için çevre politikaları ve düzenlemelerinin tasarlanmasında makroekonomik, finansal ve sosyal faktörler arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, Bangladeş’te ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi, finansal gelişme, dışa açıklık, sermaye oluşumu ve kentleşmenin karbondioksit (〖CO〗_(2 )) emisyonu üzerindeki olası etkilerini analiz etmektedir. Araştırma amacı doğrultusunda, 1974–2023 dönemine ait veri seti kullanılarak bir dizi ekonometrik yöntem uygulanmıştır. Uzun dönem eşbütünleşmenin sınanmasında Otoregresif Dağıtılmış Gecikmeler (ARDL) eşbütünleşme testi, Johansen eşbütünleşme testi ve sınır testi yaklaşımı kullanılmış; nedensellik ilişkilerinin belirlenmesinde Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM) ve yenilik muhasebesi tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Durağanlık, ADF ve PP testleri ile sınanmıştır. ARDL sonuçları, ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi, finansal gelişme, sermaye oluşumu ve kentleşmenin hem kısa hem de uzun dönemde çevresel bozulmaya yol açtığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca VECM bulguları, ekonomik büyüme ile 〖CO〗_(2 )emisyonu, enerji tüketimi ile 〖CO〗_(2 )emisyonu ve finansal gelişme ile dışa açıklık arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, Bangladeş’in emisyon azaltım hedeflerine ulaşmasına katkı sağlayacak politika önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 〖CO〗_(2 ) emisyonu
• ekonomik büyüme
• enerji tüketimi
• ARDL yaklaşımı
• VECM
• kentleşme.

Proje Numarası

Not Applicable (Only Secondary Data Used)

The effect of economic growth, energy, financial development, trade, capital formation and urbanization on CO₂ emission: Evidence from Bangladesh

Öz

Environmental degradation and resulting climate change is the foremost concern to the environmental scientists around the globe since it poses numerous threats to eco-system, human lives and sustainable development. Therefore, it is crucial to study the relationship between macroeconomic, financial and social factors for designing environmental policies and regulations of emerging economies. This study examines the potential impact of economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness, capital formation and urbanization on 〖CO〗_(2 ) emission of Bangladesh. To meet the objective of this research, it analyzes a data set ranging from 1974 to 2023 by employing a number of econometric techniques such as, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method to cointegration test, VECM based causality test and innovation accounting techniques. Stationary test is conducted by applying ADF and PP tests whereas ARDL bound testing approach and Johansen cointegration test confirm the long run cointegration among the predicted variables. The findings of ARDL techniques confirm that economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, capital formation and urbanization are responsible for environmental degradation in both short run and long run in Bangladesh. Moreover, VECM documents the bidirectional relationship between economic growth and 〖CO〗_(2 ) emission, energy consumption and 〖CO〗_(2 ) emission as well as financial development and trade openness. Considering all of the findings, this study suggests some policy measures to encounter emission reduction target of Bangladesh.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• CO2 emission
• Economic growth
• Energy Consumption
• ARDL Approach
• VECM
• Urbanization.

Destekleyen Kurum

University of Chittagong

Proje Numarası

Not Applicable (Only Secondary Data Used)

Etik Beyan

Because of the requirement of Different Journal/ research body, our university is considering to form Ethics Committee. Moreover, our Paper is based on purely secondary Data. No biological data is used. So we think that Certificate from ethic committee is required.

Teşekkür

Thanks a lot.

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