ROBUST SIEVE ANALYSIS USING SIEVE-BY-SIEVE METHOD

Abstract

Distribution of size of sand grains is an important factor in characterization of unconsolidated reservoirs as well as designing sand control devices. In practice, sand grains are passed through a set of known mesh sizes by mechanical vibration and for a fixed period then the weight of sediments retained on each sieve are measured and converted into the percentage of the total sediment (PTS). This procedure is applied to all core samples and the resulted PTS data are used for characterizing grain size distribution using one of the sieve analysis procedures. The core-by-core method, for example, is one of the conventional methods that PTS data from each core sample are used individually to estimate mean, sorting and other dependent parameters to grain size distribution. In this method, applying a robust statistical method to integrate all PTS data and picking out the most probable size from all cores is a challenge. A new approach is introduced in this paper as sieve-by-sieve method, whereby the grain weight distribution data are classified based on mesh sizes (as bins) and the most probable size in each class is picked out among all cores directly and without any manipulation or averaging. In this paper, the performance of both methods are compared in a homogeneous media and a heterogeneous media. In a homogeneous media, both methods provide comparable results. However, in a heterogeneous media, the core-by-core provides too many distributions which sometimes are not conclusive but the sieve-by-sieve provides the profiles of minimum and maximum weight of retained grains, which facilitates picking out the most probable size among all cores.

Keywords

• Sieve analysis,core-by-core method,sieve-by-sieve method,mean,sorting,the most probable size.

Kaynakça

1. AASHTO The Voice of Transportation. T0 27. (2006). https://store.transportation.org/?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1.
2. ASTM International-Standards Worldwide. (2006). ASTM C136-06. https://www.astm.org/Standards/C136.htm
3. AHLBRANDT, T. S., POLLASTRO, R. M., KLETT, T. R., SCHENK, C. J., LINDQUIST, S. J., FOX, J. E., REGION 2 assessment summary – Middle East and North Africa, U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series 60, USGS, 2000.
4. AL-AJMI, H., AND Z., AZIM, S. A (2003). Sequence stratigraphy, depositional environment and reservoir geology of Arabian Reservoirs in Kuwait, AAPG International Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
5. AL-AWAD MUSAED N.J., EL-SAYED ABDEL-ALIM H., DESOUKY SAAD EL-DIN M., (1999). Factors Affecting Sand Production from Unconsolidated Sandstone Saudi Oil and Gas Reservoir, Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 1, 1999, pp 151-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1018-3639(18)30995-4
6. Dong Changyin, Zhang Qinghua, Gao Kaige, YangKangmin, Feng Xingwu, Zhou Chong, Petroleum Exploration and Development, Vol. 43, Issue 6, Dec 2016, pp 1082-1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(16)30126-4
7. EMERY, D., and MYERS, K. Sequence Stratigraphy: Oxford, Blackwell Science, 297 p, 1996.
8. FOLK, R. L. and WARD, W. C (1957). Brazos river bar [Texas]; a study in the significance of grain size parameters, J. of Sedimentary Research, v. 27, n. 1, p. 3-26.

9. Fuller Michael, Palisch Terry, Fischer Christine, (2019). Sieve Distribution vs Sand Retention: The Impact of Mono-Sieved Gravel on Sand Control, SPE-196139-MS, presented in the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 30 September - 2 October, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
10. KHADIVI, K. and VOSSOUGHI, S., (2005). Foroozan Full Field Study, Final Report, Vol. II, Reservoir Characterization II, Document No. FE1000000RERS904201, PEDCO, NIOC.
11. KRUMBEIN, W. C. (1934). Size frequency distributions of sediments. J. of Sedimentary Petrology. 2 (4). doi:10.1306/D4268EB9-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
12. MAHMUD HISHAM B., VAN HONG, L., LESTARIONO, Y., 2019. Sand production: A smart control framework for risk mitigation, Petroleum, In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2019.04.002
13. MCGLINCHEY, D., (2005). Characterisation of bulk solids by, p231, CRC Press.
14. MEHRABI, H., ESRAFILI-DIZAJI, B., HAJIKAZEMI, E., NOORI, B., MOHAMMAD-REZAEI, H., (2019). Reservoir characterization of the Burgan Formation in northwestern Persian Gulf, J. of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol 174, pp 328-350, March 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.11.030.
15. NASSIR, M., WALTERS DALE, A., YALE DAVID P., CHIVVIS, R., TURAK, J., (2015). 3D Modeling of Sand Production in Waterflooding by Coupled Flow/ Geomechanical Numerical Solutions, IDARMA-2015-426, presented in 49th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, 28 June-1 July, San Francisco, California.
16. NEMATI, M., ESFAHANI, M. R., HASHEMI, S. M., KAZEMZADEH, E., KAMALI, M. R. (2003). Sieve Analysis Results, Report No. 7745/5540, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), NIOC.
17. PENBERTHY, W.L. Jr. and SHAUGHNESSY, C.M. (1992). Sand Control, Vol. 1, 11-17. Richardson, Texas: Monograph Series, SPE.
18. SADAT, M. Z., & RABBANI, A. R., (2015). Organic geochemistry of crude oils and Cretaceous source rocks in the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf: An oil–oil and oil–source rock correlation study, International Journal of Coal Geology, Vol 146, 1 July 2015, pp 118-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2015.05.003
19. SHAHSAVARI, M. H., and KHAMEHCHI, E., (2018). Optimum selection of sand control method using a combination of MCDM and DOE techniques, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 171, Dec 2018, pp 229-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.07.036
20. STROHMENGER, C. J., DEMK, T. M., MITCHELL, J. C., PATTERSON, P. E., LEHMAN, P. J., AL-SAHLAN, G., AL-ENEZI, H., (2002). Sequence stratigraphy of the Burgan and Maudud formations (Lower Cretaceous, Kuwait): Reservoir distribution and quality in a carbonate-clastic transition, AAPG Annual Meeting, Houston, Texas.
21. TRASK PD. (1932). Origin and Environment of Source Sediments of Petroleum. Gulf Publishing Company: Houston.
22. VAN WAGONER, J. C., MITCHUM, R. M., CAMPION, K. M., and RAHMANIAN V. D., Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs, cores, and outcrops: concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies: AAPG Methods in Exploration 7, 55 p, 1990.
23. WANG, C., PANG, Y., MAHMOUDI, M., HAFTANI, M., SALIMI, M., FATTAHPOUR V., NOURIA A., (2019). Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, In Press, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106608
24. ZIVAR, D., SHAD, S., FOROOZESH, J., SALMANPOUR, S., (2019). Experimental study of sand production and permeability enhancement of unconsolidated rocks under different stress conditions, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 181, Oct 2019, 106238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.106238.