Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 269 - 280, 07.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.4.024

Öz

Kaynakça

  • ALP, E. and COSKUN, M., 2018, Effects Of The Organophosphate Insecticide Fenthion on The Antioxidant Defense System and Lipid Peroxidation of Galleria mellonella L., Fresenıus Environmental Bulletin, 27(12): 8280-8285.
  • ANADON, A., MARTINEZ-LARRANAGA M.R. and MARTINEZ M.A., 2009, Use and Abuse of Pyrethrins and Synthetic Pyrethroids in Veterinary Medicine, The Veterinary Journal, 182: 7-20.
  • ARSLAN, N. and YILMAZ, G., 1993, Pestisit Kirliliğinin Azaltılmasında Bitkisel Bir Kaynak Pireotu (Pyrethrum sp.) Türleri, Çevre Dergisi, 6, 3-6.
  • ASHIDA, M. and BREY, P.T., 1998, Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Responses in Insects. (ed. Brey P., Hultmark D.) Chapman and Hall, New York, p. 135– 172.
  • AZAB, M., KHABOUR, O. F., ALZOUBI, K. H., HAWAMDEH, H., QUTTINA, M. and NASSAR, L., 2017, Assessment of Genotoxicity of Pyrethrin in Cultured Human Lymphocytes, Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 40(3): 251-255.
  • BRADFORD, M.M., 1976, A Rapid and Sensitive Method for The Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing The Principle of Protein-Dye Binding, Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.
  • BROOKMAN, J. L., RATCLIFFE, N. A. and ROWLEY, A. F., 1989, Studies on The Activation of The Prophenoloxidase System of Insects by Bacterial Cell Wall Components, Insect Biochemistry, 19(1): 47-57.
  • BROWNE, N., HEELAN, M. and KAVANAGH, K., 2013, An Analysis of The Structural and Functional Similarities of Insect Hemocytes and Mammalian Phagocytes, Virulence, 4(7): 597-603.
  • CALDERÓN-SEGURA, M. E., GÓMEZ-ARROYO, S., CORTÉS-ESLAVA, J., MARTÍNEZ-VALENZUELA, C., MOJİCA-VÁZQUEZ, L.H., SOSA-LÓPEZ, M., FLORES-RAMÍREZ, D. and ROMERO-VELÁZQUEZ, Z.E., 2018, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Furia® 180 SC (zeta-cypermethrin) and Bulldock 125® SC (β-cyfluthrin) Pyrethroid Insecticides in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 28: 268-278.
  • CHARGUI, I., GRISSA, I., BENSASSI, F., HRIRA, M. Y., HAOUEM, S., HAOUAS, Z. and BENCHEIKH, H., 2012, Oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney of female rats exposed to low doses of deltamethrin (DM): a molecular assessment, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 25(6): 672-683.
  • CHEN, X. D., GILL, T. A., PELZ-STELINSKI, K. S., and STELINSKI, L. L., 2017, Risk Assessment of Various Insecticides Used for Management of Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri in Florida Citrus, Against Honey Bee, Apis mellifera, Ecotoxicology, 26(3): 351-359
  • COSTA, L.G., 2008, Toxic Effects of Pesticides. Casarett And Doull‟s Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons, In: Klaassen C.D. (ed.) Chapter 22, Mcgraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, United States of America. 883- 930.
  • DEEBA, F., RAZA, I., MUHAMMAD, N., RAHMAN, H., UR REHMAN, Z., AZİZULLAH, A., KHATTAK, B. ULLAH, F. and DAUD, M.K., 2016, Chlorpyrifos and Lambda Cyhalothrin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Erythrocytes: In Vitro Studies, Toxicol Ind Health. 33(4): 297-307.
  • ERGİN, E., ER, A., UÇKAN, F. and RIVERS, D. B., 2007, Effect of cypermethrin exposed hosts on egg-adult development time, number of offspring, sex ratio, longevity, and size of Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Belgian Journal of Zoology, 137(1): 27-31.
  • GUPTA, G., CHAITANYA, R.K., GOLLA, M. and KARNATI, R., 2013, Allethrin Toxicity on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Involves Mitochondrial Pathway Mediated Apoptosis, Toxicol in vitro, 27: 2242-8.
  • HUANG, F., LIU, Q., XIE, S., XU, J., HUANG, B., WU Y. and XIA D., 2016, Cypermethrin Induces Macrophages Death through Cell Cycle Arrest and Oxidative Stress-Mediated JNK/ERK Signaling Regulated Apoptosis, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(6), 885.
  • IGNASIAK, K., and MAXWELL, A., 2017, Galleria mellonella (Greater Wax Moth) Larvae as a Model for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing and Acute Toxicity Trials. BMC Research Notes, 10(1), 428.
  • İÇEN, E., ARMUTÇU, F., BÜYÜKGÜZEL, K., and GÜREL, A., 2005, Biochemical Stress Indicators of Greater Wax Moth Exposure to Organophosphorus Insecticides, Journal of Economic Entomology, 98(2): 358-366.
  • KOJIMA, H., KATSURA, E., TAKEUCHI, S., NIIYAMA, K. and KOBAYASHI, K., 2004, Screening For Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Activities in 200 Pesticides by in vitro Reporter Gene Assays Using Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells, Environ Health Perspect, 112: 524-31.
  • KURT, D., and KAYIŞ, T., 2015, Effects of The Pyrethroid Insecticide Deltamethrin on The Hemocytes of Galleria mellonella, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39(3): 452-457.
  • KURUTAŞ, E. B. and KILINÇ, M., 2003, Pestisitlerin Biyolojik Sistemler Üzerine Etkisi, Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 12 (3): 215-228.
  • LEE, M. J. and ANSTEE, J. H., 1995, Phenoloxidase and Its Zymogen From The Haemolymph of Larvae of The Lepidopteran Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 110(2): 379-384.
  • MADHUBABU, G. and YENUGU, S., 2014, Allethrin Induces Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Calcium Release in Rat Testicular Carcinoma Cells (LC540), Toxicol in vitro, 28: 1386-95.
  • MNIF, W., HASSINE, A.I., BOUAZIZ, A., BARTEGI, A., THOMAS, O. and ROIG, B., 2011, Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: a Review, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8: 2265-303.
  • NAKHLEH, J., EL MOUSSAWİ, L. and OSTA, M. A., 2017, The Melanization Response in Insect Immunity, In Advances in Insect Physiology (Vol. 52, pp. 83-109). Academic Press.
  • NAPPI, A. J. and CHRISTENSEN, B. M. (2005). Melanogenesis and Associated Cytotoxic Reactions: Applications to Insect Innate Immunity, Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 35(5): 443-459.
  • PALMQUIST, K., SALATAS, J., and FAIRBROTHER, A., 2012, Pyrethroid Insecticides: Use, Environmental Fate, and Ecotoxicology. In: Insecticides-Advances in Integrated Pest Management, Eds Farzana Khan Perveen, IntechOpen, 251-278.
  • PATEL, S., BAJPAYEE, M., PANDEY, A.K., PARMAR, D. and DHAWAN, A., 2007, in vitro Induction of Cytotoxicity and DNA Strand Breaks in CHO Cells Exposed to Cypermethrin, Pendimethalin and Dichlorvos, Toxicol in vitro, 21: 1409-18.
  • PAVELA, R., 2016, History, Presence And Perspective of Using Plant Extracts as Commercial Botanical Insecticides and Farm Products for Protection Against Insects–a Review, Plant Protection Science, 52(4): 229-241.
  • RADOVANOVIĆ, T., NASIA, M. KRIZMANIĆ, I. PROKIĆ, M. GAVRIĆ, J. DESPOTOVIĆ, S. GAVRILOVIĆ, B. BORKOVIĆ-MITIĆ, S. PAVLOVIĆ S. and SAIČIĆ Z., 2017, Sublethal Effects of Pyrethroid Insectiside Deltamethrin on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Green Toad (Bufotes viridis L.), Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 36(10): 2814-2822.
  • ROMERO, A., RAMOS, E., ARES, I., CASTELLANO, V., MARTINEZ, M., MARTINEZ-LARRANAGA, M.R., ANADON, A. and MARTINEZ, M.A., 2017, Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression Profiling of Cell Death Pathways in Alpha-Cypermethrin-Treated SH-SY5Y Cells, Archives of Toxicology, 91, 2151-2164.
  • SAK, O., GÜLGÖNÜL, E. E. and UÇKAN, F., 2009, Effects of Cypermethrin Exposed to Host on The Developmental Biology of Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 102(2): 288-294.
  • SAK., O. and UÇKAN, F., 2009, Cypermethrinin Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’nın Puplaşma ve Ölüm Oranlarına Etkisi. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 9(3), 88-96.
  • SAK, O., UÇKAN, F., and ERGİN, E., 2006, Effects of Cypermethrin on Total Body Weight, Glycogen, Protein, and Lipid Contents of Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Belgian Journal of Zoology, 136(1): 53-58.
  • SHEEHAN, G., GARVEY, A., CROKE, M., and KAVANAGH, K., 2018, Innate Humoral Immune Defences in Mammals and Insects: The Same, With Differences?, Virulence, 9(1): 1625-1639.
  • SODERLUND, D. M., CLARK, J.M., SHEETS, L.P., MULLIN, L.S., PICCIRILLO, V.J., SARGENT, D., STEVENS, J.T., and WEINER, M.L. 2002, Mechanisms of Pyrethroid Neurotoxicity: Implications for Cumulative Risk Assessment, Toxicology, 171: 3-59.
  • TAJU, G., ABDUL MAJEED, S. NAMBI, K.S., FAROOK, M.A., VIMAL, S. and SAHUL HAMEED, A.S., 2014, in vitro Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Oxidative Stress of Cypermethrin on Five Fish Cell Lines, Pestic Biochem Physiol, 113: 15-24.
  • TANG, F., SHEN, X., and GAO, X. W., 2009, in vitro İnhibition of The Diphenolase Activity of Tyrosinase by Insecticides and Allelochemicals in Micromelalopha troglodyta (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), Journal of Entomological Science, 44(2): 111-119.
  • TANG, W., WANG, D., WANG, J., WU, Z., LI, L., HUANG, M., XU, S. and YAN, D., 2018, Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in The Global Environment: an Overview, Chemosphere, 191: 9901007.
  • VADHANA, M. D., CARLONI, M., NASUTI, C., FEDELI, D., and GABBIANELLI, R., 2011, Early Life Permethrin Insecticide Treatment Leads to Heart Damage in Adult Rats, Experimental Gerontology, 46(9): 731-738.
  • VALENTİNE, W. M., 1990, Pyrethrin and Pyrethroid Insecticides, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 20(2): 375-382.
  • VILMOS, P., and KURUCZ, E., 1998, Insect Immunity: Evolutionary Roots of The Mammalian Innate Immune System, Immunology Letters, 62(2): 59-66.
  • YANG, Y., GAO, J., ZHANG, Y., XU, W., HAO, Y., XU, Z. and TAO, L., 2018, Natural Pyrethrins Induce Autophagy of HepG2 Cells Through the Activation of AMPK/mTOR Pathway, Environmental Pollution, 241: 1091-1097.
  • YANG, Y., ZONG, M., XU, W., ZHANG, Y., WANG, B., YANG, M. and TAO, L., 2017, Natural Pyrethrins Induces Apoptosis in Human Hepatocyte Cells via Bax-and Bcl-2-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway, Chemico-Biological Interactions, 262: 38-45.
  • ZHAO, P., LI, J., WANG, Y. and JIANG, H., 2007, Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity of The Reactive Compounds Generated in vitro by Manduca sexta Phenoloxidase, Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 37(9): 952-959.

THE EFFECTS OF PYRETHRUM EXTRACT ON Galleria mellonella HEMOLYMPH PHENOLOXIDASE ENZYME

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 269 - 280, 07.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.4.024

Öz

Pyrethrum is a natural neurotoxic insecticide which is obtained from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium plant. Pyrethrum extract causes DNA damage, genotoxic effect, induction of autophagy and apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inhibition of biochemical processes. The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is gaining increasing attention in immunity studies as an invertebrate model organism. Melanization, which is the most important response of invertebrate humoral immunity, occurs when inactive prophenoloxidase turns into phenoloxidase enzyme. Changes in phenoloxidase enzyme activity are an important marker for humoral immunity. In our study, the phenoloxidase enzyme activity of hemolymph collected from G. mellonella larvae treated with different doses of pyrethrum extract was determined by reading against a certain absorbance in an ELISA microplate reader. The findings obtained from this study showed that 0.6 mg/ml pyrethrum extract increased phenoloxidase enzyme activity. Doses above and below this dose did not cause a significant change in phenoloxidase activity compared to control groups. In the evaluation made in terms of the change of enzyme activity over time, while the enzyme activity increased rapidly in the first 15 minutes, the enzyme activity rate decreased after the 20th minute. The effect of pyrethrum extract on phenoloxidase enzyme activity in G. mellonella larval hemolymph at a certain dose is consistent with the literature. The reason for this effect of the extract is closely related to its genotoxic and cytotoxic effects.

Kaynakça

  • ALP, E. and COSKUN, M., 2018, Effects Of The Organophosphate Insecticide Fenthion on The Antioxidant Defense System and Lipid Peroxidation of Galleria mellonella L., Fresenıus Environmental Bulletin, 27(12): 8280-8285.
  • ANADON, A., MARTINEZ-LARRANAGA M.R. and MARTINEZ M.A., 2009, Use and Abuse of Pyrethrins and Synthetic Pyrethroids in Veterinary Medicine, The Veterinary Journal, 182: 7-20.
  • ARSLAN, N. and YILMAZ, G., 1993, Pestisit Kirliliğinin Azaltılmasında Bitkisel Bir Kaynak Pireotu (Pyrethrum sp.) Türleri, Çevre Dergisi, 6, 3-6.
  • ASHIDA, M. and BREY, P.T., 1998, Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Responses in Insects. (ed. Brey P., Hultmark D.) Chapman and Hall, New York, p. 135– 172.
  • AZAB, M., KHABOUR, O. F., ALZOUBI, K. H., HAWAMDEH, H., QUTTINA, M. and NASSAR, L., 2017, Assessment of Genotoxicity of Pyrethrin in Cultured Human Lymphocytes, Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 40(3): 251-255.
  • BRADFORD, M.M., 1976, A Rapid and Sensitive Method for The Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing The Principle of Protein-Dye Binding, Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.
  • BROOKMAN, J. L., RATCLIFFE, N. A. and ROWLEY, A. F., 1989, Studies on The Activation of The Prophenoloxidase System of Insects by Bacterial Cell Wall Components, Insect Biochemistry, 19(1): 47-57.
  • BROWNE, N., HEELAN, M. and KAVANAGH, K., 2013, An Analysis of The Structural and Functional Similarities of Insect Hemocytes and Mammalian Phagocytes, Virulence, 4(7): 597-603.
  • CALDERÓN-SEGURA, M. E., GÓMEZ-ARROYO, S., CORTÉS-ESLAVA, J., MARTÍNEZ-VALENZUELA, C., MOJİCA-VÁZQUEZ, L.H., SOSA-LÓPEZ, M., FLORES-RAMÍREZ, D. and ROMERO-VELÁZQUEZ, Z.E., 2018, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Furia® 180 SC (zeta-cypermethrin) and Bulldock 125® SC (β-cyfluthrin) Pyrethroid Insecticides in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 28: 268-278.
  • CHARGUI, I., GRISSA, I., BENSASSI, F., HRIRA, M. Y., HAOUEM, S., HAOUAS, Z. and BENCHEIKH, H., 2012, Oxidative stress, biochemical and histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney of female rats exposed to low doses of deltamethrin (DM): a molecular assessment, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 25(6): 672-683.
  • CHEN, X. D., GILL, T. A., PELZ-STELINSKI, K. S., and STELINSKI, L. L., 2017, Risk Assessment of Various Insecticides Used for Management of Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri in Florida Citrus, Against Honey Bee, Apis mellifera, Ecotoxicology, 26(3): 351-359
  • COSTA, L.G., 2008, Toxic Effects of Pesticides. Casarett And Doull‟s Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons, In: Klaassen C.D. (ed.) Chapter 22, Mcgraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, United States of America. 883- 930.
  • DEEBA, F., RAZA, I., MUHAMMAD, N., RAHMAN, H., UR REHMAN, Z., AZİZULLAH, A., KHATTAK, B. ULLAH, F. and DAUD, M.K., 2016, Chlorpyrifos and Lambda Cyhalothrin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Erythrocytes: In Vitro Studies, Toxicol Ind Health. 33(4): 297-307.
  • ERGİN, E., ER, A., UÇKAN, F. and RIVERS, D. B., 2007, Effect of cypermethrin exposed hosts on egg-adult development time, number of offspring, sex ratio, longevity, and size of Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Belgian Journal of Zoology, 137(1): 27-31.
  • GUPTA, G., CHAITANYA, R.K., GOLLA, M. and KARNATI, R., 2013, Allethrin Toxicity on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Involves Mitochondrial Pathway Mediated Apoptosis, Toxicol in vitro, 27: 2242-8.
  • HUANG, F., LIU, Q., XIE, S., XU, J., HUANG, B., WU Y. and XIA D., 2016, Cypermethrin Induces Macrophages Death through Cell Cycle Arrest and Oxidative Stress-Mediated JNK/ERK Signaling Regulated Apoptosis, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(6), 885.
  • IGNASIAK, K., and MAXWELL, A., 2017, Galleria mellonella (Greater Wax Moth) Larvae as a Model for Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing and Acute Toxicity Trials. BMC Research Notes, 10(1), 428.
  • İÇEN, E., ARMUTÇU, F., BÜYÜKGÜZEL, K., and GÜREL, A., 2005, Biochemical Stress Indicators of Greater Wax Moth Exposure to Organophosphorus Insecticides, Journal of Economic Entomology, 98(2): 358-366.
  • KOJIMA, H., KATSURA, E., TAKEUCHI, S., NIIYAMA, K. and KOBAYASHI, K., 2004, Screening For Estrogen and Androgen Receptor Activities in 200 Pesticides by in vitro Reporter Gene Assays Using Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells, Environ Health Perspect, 112: 524-31.
  • KURT, D., and KAYIŞ, T., 2015, Effects of The Pyrethroid Insecticide Deltamethrin on The Hemocytes of Galleria mellonella, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39(3): 452-457.
  • KURUTAŞ, E. B. and KILINÇ, M., 2003, Pestisitlerin Biyolojik Sistemler Üzerine Etkisi, Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi, 12 (3): 215-228.
  • LEE, M. J. and ANSTEE, J. H., 1995, Phenoloxidase and Its Zymogen From The Haemolymph of Larvae of The Lepidopteran Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 110(2): 379-384.
  • MADHUBABU, G. and YENUGU, S., 2014, Allethrin Induces Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Calcium Release in Rat Testicular Carcinoma Cells (LC540), Toxicol in vitro, 28: 1386-95.
  • MNIF, W., HASSINE, A.I., BOUAZIZ, A., BARTEGI, A., THOMAS, O. and ROIG, B., 2011, Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: a Review, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8: 2265-303.
  • NAKHLEH, J., EL MOUSSAWİ, L. and OSTA, M. A., 2017, The Melanization Response in Insect Immunity, In Advances in Insect Physiology (Vol. 52, pp. 83-109). Academic Press.
  • NAPPI, A. J. and CHRISTENSEN, B. M. (2005). Melanogenesis and Associated Cytotoxic Reactions: Applications to Insect Innate Immunity, Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 35(5): 443-459.
  • PALMQUIST, K., SALATAS, J., and FAIRBROTHER, A., 2012, Pyrethroid Insecticides: Use, Environmental Fate, and Ecotoxicology. In: Insecticides-Advances in Integrated Pest Management, Eds Farzana Khan Perveen, IntechOpen, 251-278.
  • PATEL, S., BAJPAYEE, M., PANDEY, A.K., PARMAR, D. and DHAWAN, A., 2007, in vitro Induction of Cytotoxicity and DNA Strand Breaks in CHO Cells Exposed to Cypermethrin, Pendimethalin and Dichlorvos, Toxicol in vitro, 21: 1409-18.
  • PAVELA, R., 2016, History, Presence And Perspective of Using Plant Extracts as Commercial Botanical Insecticides and Farm Products for Protection Against Insects–a Review, Plant Protection Science, 52(4): 229-241.
  • RADOVANOVIĆ, T., NASIA, M. KRIZMANIĆ, I. PROKIĆ, M. GAVRIĆ, J. DESPOTOVIĆ, S. GAVRILOVIĆ, B. BORKOVIĆ-MITIĆ, S. PAVLOVIĆ S. and SAIČIĆ Z., 2017, Sublethal Effects of Pyrethroid Insectiside Deltamethrin on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Green Toad (Bufotes viridis L.), Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 36(10): 2814-2822.
  • ROMERO, A., RAMOS, E., ARES, I., CASTELLANO, V., MARTINEZ, M., MARTINEZ-LARRANAGA, M.R., ANADON, A. and MARTINEZ, M.A., 2017, Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression Profiling of Cell Death Pathways in Alpha-Cypermethrin-Treated SH-SY5Y Cells, Archives of Toxicology, 91, 2151-2164.
  • SAK, O., GÜLGÖNÜL, E. E. and UÇKAN, F., 2009, Effects of Cypermethrin Exposed to Host on The Developmental Biology of Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 102(2): 288-294.
  • SAK., O. and UÇKAN, F., 2009, Cypermethrinin Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’nın Puplaşma ve Ölüm Oranlarına Etkisi. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, 9(3), 88-96.
  • SAK, O., UÇKAN, F., and ERGİN, E., 2006, Effects of Cypermethrin on Total Body Weight, Glycogen, Protein, and Lipid Contents of Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Belgian Journal of Zoology, 136(1): 53-58.
  • SHEEHAN, G., GARVEY, A., CROKE, M., and KAVANAGH, K., 2018, Innate Humoral Immune Defences in Mammals and Insects: The Same, With Differences?, Virulence, 9(1): 1625-1639.
  • SODERLUND, D. M., CLARK, J.M., SHEETS, L.P., MULLIN, L.S., PICCIRILLO, V.J., SARGENT, D., STEVENS, J.T., and WEINER, M.L. 2002, Mechanisms of Pyrethroid Neurotoxicity: Implications for Cumulative Risk Assessment, Toxicology, 171: 3-59.
  • TAJU, G., ABDUL MAJEED, S. NAMBI, K.S., FAROOK, M.A., VIMAL, S. and SAHUL HAMEED, A.S., 2014, in vitro Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Oxidative Stress of Cypermethrin on Five Fish Cell Lines, Pestic Biochem Physiol, 113: 15-24.
  • TANG, F., SHEN, X., and GAO, X. W., 2009, in vitro İnhibition of The Diphenolase Activity of Tyrosinase by Insecticides and Allelochemicals in Micromelalopha troglodyta (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), Journal of Entomological Science, 44(2): 111-119.
  • TANG, W., WANG, D., WANG, J., WU, Z., LI, L., HUANG, M., XU, S. and YAN, D., 2018, Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in The Global Environment: an Overview, Chemosphere, 191: 9901007.
  • VADHANA, M. D., CARLONI, M., NASUTI, C., FEDELI, D., and GABBIANELLI, R., 2011, Early Life Permethrin Insecticide Treatment Leads to Heart Damage in Adult Rats, Experimental Gerontology, 46(9): 731-738.
  • VALENTİNE, W. M., 1990, Pyrethrin and Pyrethroid Insecticides, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 20(2): 375-382.
  • VILMOS, P., and KURUCZ, E., 1998, Insect Immunity: Evolutionary Roots of The Mammalian Innate Immune System, Immunology Letters, 62(2): 59-66.
  • YANG, Y., GAO, J., ZHANG, Y., XU, W., HAO, Y., XU, Z. and TAO, L., 2018, Natural Pyrethrins Induce Autophagy of HepG2 Cells Through the Activation of AMPK/mTOR Pathway, Environmental Pollution, 241: 1091-1097.
  • YANG, Y., ZONG, M., XU, W., ZHANG, Y., WANG, B., YANG, M. and TAO, L., 2017, Natural Pyrethrins Induces Apoptosis in Human Hepatocyte Cells via Bax-and Bcl-2-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway, Chemico-Biological Interactions, 262: 38-45.
  • ZHAO, P., LI, J., WANG, Y. and JIANG, H., 2007, Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity of The Reactive Compounds Generated in vitro by Manduca sexta Phenoloxidase, Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 37(9): 952-959.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Natural Sciences
Yazarlar

Serhat Kaya 0000-0002-0984-2824

Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya, S. (2020). THE EFFECTS OF PYRETHRUM EXTRACT ON Galleria mellonella HEMOLYMPH PHENOLOXIDASE ENZYME. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, 4(4), 269-280. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.4.024