Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye'deki kömür madenciliği kazalarının analizi: On yıllık kazalar

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 007, 25 - 42, 31.08.2024

Öz

Bu makale, Türkiye’de son on yılda meydana gelen kömür üretim kazalarını ele alarak, bu kazaların kapsamlı bir analizini sunmakta ve kömür üretimindeki güvenlik ve zorluklara ışık tutmaktadır. Kömürün birincil enerji kaynağı olarak öneminin sorgulanmasına zemin hazırlayarak başlayan araştırma, Türkiye ve ABD’nin kömür üretim sektörü kaza oranlarını karşılaştırmakta ve aynı dönemdeki yüksek kontrast değişimlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Son on yılda meydana gelen yeraltı maden kazaları incelenerek, bu kazalara öncülük eden temel faktörler tespit edilmiş ve Türkiye kömür madenciliği sektöründe İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği (İSG) alanında uzmanlaşmış önde gelen uzmanların görüşleriyle zenginleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, söz konusu zaman aralığında alınan güvenlik önlemleri ve mevzuat değişikliklerinin analizi, bu kazaların hafifletilmesine veya bu trajedilerden sorumlu tehlikelerin öngörülmesine hizmet edebilecek bu değişiklikleri proaktif olmaktan ziyade reaktif niteliğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışma, kazalardan çıakrılan derslerin tartışılmasıyla sona ermekte ve kaza oranlarını azaltmayı, güvenlik protokollerini geliştirmeyi ve gelecekteki trajedileri önlemeyi amaçlayan bir dizi ileri görüşlü öneri sunmaktadır. Bu araştırma, maden risk yönetiminde proaktif ve önleyici stratejilere duyulan acil ihtiyaca ışık tutmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda karar vericileri, sektör paydaşlarını ve küresel toplumu bu alandaki çalışanların hayatlarını ve refahını her şeyin üstünde tutmaya çağırmaktadır. Bu araştırmada kullanılan mevcut yöntemleri dengeli bir şekilde bir araya getirilmesiyle, bu makale Türkiye’de ve dünyada kömür üretimi güvenlik standartlarının iyileştirilmesine derin bir katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • [1] ILO, “World statistic,” Inter. Labor Org., 13 July 2011. [Online]. Available: https://www.ilo.org/moscow/areas-of-work/occupational-safety-and-health/WCMS_249278/lang--en/index.htm#:~:text=The%20ILO%20estimates%20that%20some,of%20work%2Drelated%20illnesses%20annually. [Accessed 27 Oct. 2023].
  • [2] WCA, “Coal's contribution,” World Coal Assoc., [Online]. Available: https://www.worldcoal.org/coal-facts/coals-contribution/. [Accessed 27 Oct. 2023].
  • [3] IEA, “Global coal production, (2000-2025),” Inter. Energy Agen., 16 Dec. 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-coal-production-2000-2025. [Accessed 27 Oct. 2023].
  • [4] MTA, “2022 faaliyet raporu,” Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müd., Ankara, Turkiye, 2022.
  • [5] MTA, “Madencilik sektörüne ait temel ekonomik göstergeler,” MTA Genel Müd., Ankara, Turkiye, 2022.
  • [6] P. E. Fındıkçıoğlu, “Investigation of workplace accidents in coal and mineral processing plants: unsafe acts, safety culture and safety leadership [Ph.D. - Doctoral Program],” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/27236. [Accessed 15 Feb. 2023].
  • [7] K. Koçali, “Sosyal güvenlik kurumu’nun 2012-2020 yillari arasi iş kazalari,” Akad. Yaklaş. Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 302-327, 2021.
  • [8] C. Hüseyin and al., “High-risky sectors in terms of work accidents in Turkey,” Int. Journal of Eng. and Dev., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 45-57, 31 Jan. 2022.
  • [9] F. Küçük and A. Ilgaz, “Causes of coal mine accidents in the world and Turkey,” Turk Thor. Jour., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 9-14, 2015.
  • [10] S. Sadid and A. Konuk, “Türkiye madencilik sektörü iş kazalarının yoğunlaşma analizleriyle değerlendirilmesi,” AKU Jour. Sci. Eng., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 487-502, 21 Mar. 2023.
  • [11] TKI, “Faaliyet Raporu 2022,” Türkiye Kömür Işletmeleri Kurumu (TKI), Ankara, Turkiye, 2022.
  • [12] TMMOB, “Soma faciasi ön raporu,” Maden Mühendisleri Odası, Ankara, Turkiye, 2014.
  • [13] A. E. Dursun, “An analysis and countermeasures of fatal accidents caused by firedamp explosions in underground coal mines in Turkey,” Bilim. Maden. Dergisi, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 299-310, Jun. 2019.
  • [14] MSHA, “Coal fatalities for 1900 through 2022,” Mine Saf. and Health Admin., [Online]. Available: https://arlweb.msha.gov/stats/centurystats/coalstats.asp. [Accessed 12 Dec. 2023].
  • [15] SGK, “İş kazasi ve meslek hastaliği istatistikleri (4-1/a),” Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK), Ankara, Turkiye, 2022.
  • [16] TÜİK, “Industrial production index,” Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), 11 Dec. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Sanayi-%C3%9Cretim-Endeksi-Ekim-2023-49707&dil=1. [Accessed 18 Dec. 2023].
  • [17] T.C. enerji ve tabii kaynaklar bakanlığı, “Coal,” Ministry of Energy and Natural Res., 20 June 2023. [Online]. Available: https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgimerkezi-tabiikaynaklar-komur#:~:text=Maden%20ve%20Petrol%20%C4%B0%C5%9Fleri%20Genel,37%20milyon%20ton%20olarak%20ger%C3%A7ekle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9Ftir. [Accessed 15 04 2024].
  • [18] MSHA, “Mine injury and worktime reports 2012-2022,” Mine Saf. and Health Admin., Arlington, VA, 2023.
  • [19] TMMOB, “Madencilikte yaşanan iş kazalari raporu (2010-2020),” TMMOB, Maden Mühendisleri Odası, Ankara, Turkiye, 2010-2020.
  • [20] EIA, “Annual coal report,” U.S Energy Info. Admin., 03 Oct. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/coal/annual/#:~:text=Highlights%20for%202022,million%20short%20tons%20(MMst). [Accessed 18 Dec. 2023].
  • [21] SGK, “İş kazasi ve meslek hastaliği istatistikleri,” Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK), Ankara, Turkiye, 2012-2022.
  • [22] TBMM, “Amasra maden kazası araştırma komisyonu raporu,” TBMM kaza araştırma komisyonu, Ankara, Turkiye, 2022.
  • [23] H. Chen and al., “Characteristics of direct causes and human factors in major gas explosion accidents in chinese coal mines: case study spanning the years 1980-2010,” Journal of Loss Prev. in the Proc. Indust., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 38-44, Jan. 2013. [24] H. H. Erdoğan, “A quantitative risk assessment methodology for occupational accidents in underground coal mines: a case of Turkish hard coal enterprises [Ph.D. - Doctoral Program],” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/26151. [Accessed 8 Nov. 2023].
  • [25] Y. Zhu and al., “A statistical analysis of coal mine fires and explosions in china,” Proc. Safety & Environ. Protection, vol. 121, p. 357–366, Jan. 2019.
  • [26] A. Dash and al., “Lessons learnt from Indian inundation disasters: an analysis of case studies,” Inter. Journal Disas. Risk Red., vol. 20, pp. 93-102, Dec. 2016.
  • [27] Y. Zhang and al., “Analysis 320 coal mine accidents using structural equation modeling with unsafe conditions ofthe rules and regulations as exogenous variables,” Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 92, p. 189–201, Jul. 2016.
  • [28] L. Wang and al., “Research on the influencing factors in coal mine production safety based on the combination of DEMATEL and ISM,” Safety Sci., vol. 103, p. 51–61, Mar. 2018.
  • [29] MSHA, “Injury experience in coal mining, 2012,” Mine Saf. and Health Admin., Colorado, USA, 2013.
  • [30] P. McKennis, “Report of investigation preparation plant fatality (plate press accident),” West Virginia Office of Miners Health, Safety and Training, Oak Hill, USA, 2013.
  • [31] S. N. Ismail and al., “Research trends in mining accidents study: a systematic literature review,” Safety Sci., vol. 143, no. 105438, p. 105438, 2021.
  • [32] E. J. Tetzlaff and al., “Safety culture: a retrospective analysis of occupational health and safety mining reports,” Safety and Health at Work, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 201-208, 2021.
  • [33] S. S. and al., “An assessment of mine methane mitigation and utilisation technologies,” Prog. in Energy and Comb. Sci., vol. 31, no. 2, p. 123–170, 30 Mar. 2005.
  • [34] A. E. Dursun, “Statistical analysis of methane explosions in Turkey’s underground coal mines and some recommendations for the prevention of these accidents: 2010–2017,” Nat. Hazards, vol. 104, p. 329–351, Jul. 2020.
  • [35] Resmî-Gazete, “30 haziran 2012 tarihli ve 28339 sayılı resmî gazete,” 30 June 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/06/20120630-1.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [36] Resmî-Gazete, “26 aralık 2012 tarihli ve 28509 sayılı resmî gazete,” 26 Dec. 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121226-11.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [37] Resmî-Gazete, “29 mayıs 2013 tarihli ve 28661 sayılı resmî gazete,” 29 May 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/05/20130529-10.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [38] Resmî-Gazete, “19 eylül 2013 tarihli ve 28770 sayılı resmî gazete,” 19 Sept. 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/09/20130919-3.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [39] Resmî-Gazete, “24 eylül 2014 tarihli ve 29129 sayılı resmî gazete,” 24 Sept. 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/09/20140924-2.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [40] Resmî-Gazete, “23 nisan 2015 tarihli ve 29335 sayılı resmî gazete,” 23 April 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/04/20150423-3.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [41] Resmî-Gazete, “24 mart 2016 tarihli ve 29663 sayılı resmî gazete,” 24 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/03/20160324-5.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [42] Resmî-Gazete, “18 kasım 2017 tarihli ve 30244 sayılı resmî gazete,” 18 Nov. 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/11/20171118-26.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [43] Resmî-Gazete, “24 mayıs 2018 tarihli ve 30430 sayılı resmî gazete,” 24 May 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/05/20180524-1.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [44] P. C. ISO, “ISO 45001:2018 (F),” Int.l Org. for Stand., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
  • [45] U. M. and al., “Change in occupational health and safety management system: ISO 45001:2018,” in 5th Inter. Proj. and Const. Manag. Conference (IPCMC2018), North Cyprus, 2018.
  • [46] Y. Zhang and al., “Relationship research between subjective well-being and unsafe behavior of coal miners,” EURASIA Jour. of Math., Sci. & Tech. Edu., vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 7215-7221, 2017.
  • [47] S. Miranda and al., “An Investigation of learning needs in the mining industry,” Edu. Sci., vol. 13, no. 10, p. 1036, 2023.
  • [48] N. Bilim and al., “Ülkemizdeki maden sektöründe meydana gelen iş kazası ve meslek hastalıklarının analizi,” BEU Journal of Sci., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 423-432, Nov. 2018.
  • [49] Q. Liu and al., “Effectiveness research on the multi-player evolutionary game of coal-mine safety regulation in china based on system dynamics,” Safety Sci., vol. 111, pp. 224-233, 2019.
  • [50] K. Zhou and al., “Tripartite evolutionary game and simulation analysis of coal mining safe production supervision under the chinese central government’s reward and punishment mechanism,” Math. Problems in Eng., vol. 2021, p. 17, 2021.
  • [51] S. Şimşek and al., “İş sağliği ve iş güvenliği uygulamalarinda sensör kullaniminin incelenmesi,” İAÜ journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 41-53, 01 Jan. 2020.
  • [52] M. Rausand., Risk assessment: theory, methods, and applications, vol. Part 2, NJ, USA: John wiley & sons, Inc., 2011.

An analysis of coal mining accidents in Türkiye: A decade of incidents

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 007, 25 - 42, 31.08.2024

Öz

This article presents the critical issue of coal production accidents in Türkiye within the last decade, providing a comprehensive analysis of these accidents to shed light on the safety and challenges of coal production. Beginning with setting the stage for the inquiry on coal's significance as a primary source of energy, the research compares Türkiye and the USA’s coal production sector accident rates and revealing high contrasts changes within the same period. The past decade underground mine accidents examinations identified key contributing factors to these incidents, enriched by insights from leading experts specializing in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) within the Turkish coal mining sector. Moreover, the analysis of safety measures and regulatory changes over the timespan, revealed the reactive nature of these amendments rather than proactive, which could have served in mitigating these accidents or anticipating the hazards responsible for these tragedies. This study concludes with a discussion of lessons learned from these accidents, proposing a set of forward-thinking suggestions that aim to reduce accident rates, enhance safety protocols, and prevent future tragedies. This investigation not only illuminates the urgent need for proactive and preventive strategies in mine risk management but also calls on decision-makers, industry shareholders, and the global community to put the lives and well of workers in this field above all else. Through the balanced combination of the available methods used in this research, this article aims to contribute deeply to improving coal production safety standards in Türkiye and the world.

Kaynakça

  • [1] ILO, “World statistic,” Inter. Labor Org., 13 July 2011. [Online]. Available: https://www.ilo.org/moscow/areas-of-work/occupational-safety-and-health/WCMS_249278/lang--en/index.htm#:~:text=The%20ILO%20estimates%20that%20some,of%20work%2Drelated%20illnesses%20annually. [Accessed 27 Oct. 2023].
  • [2] WCA, “Coal's contribution,” World Coal Assoc., [Online]. Available: https://www.worldcoal.org/coal-facts/coals-contribution/. [Accessed 27 Oct. 2023].
  • [3] IEA, “Global coal production, (2000-2025),” Inter. Energy Agen., 16 Dec. 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-coal-production-2000-2025. [Accessed 27 Oct. 2023].
  • [4] MTA, “2022 faaliyet raporu,” Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müd., Ankara, Turkiye, 2022.
  • [5] MTA, “Madencilik sektörüne ait temel ekonomik göstergeler,” MTA Genel Müd., Ankara, Turkiye, 2022.
  • [6] P. E. Fındıkçıoğlu, “Investigation of workplace accidents in coal and mineral processing plants: unsafe acts, safety culture and safety leadership [Ph.D. - Doctoral Program],” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/27236. [Accessed 15 Feb. 2023].
  • [7] K. Koçali, “Sosyal güvenlik kurumu’nun 2012-2020 yillari arasi iş kazalari,” Akad. Yaklaş. Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 302-327, 2021.
  • [8] C. Hüseyin and al., “High-risky sectors in terms of work accidents in Turkey,” Int. Journal of Eng. and Dev., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 45-57, 31 Jan. 2022.
  • [9] F. Küçük and A. Ilgaz, “Causes of coal mine accidents in the world and Turkey,” Turk Thor. Jour., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 9-14, 2015.
  • [10] S. Sadid and A. Konuk, “Türkiye madencilik sektörü iş kazalarının yoğunlaşma analizleriyle değerlendirilmesi,” AKU Jour. Sci. Eng., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 487-502, 21 Mar. 2023.
  • [11] TKI, “Faaliyet Raporu 2022,” Türkiye Kömür Işletmeleri Kurumu (TKI), Ankara, Turkiye, 2022.
  • [12] TMMOB, “Soma faciasi ön raporu,” Maden Mühendisleri Odası, Ankara, Turkiye, 2014.
  • [13] A. E. Dursun, “An analysis and countermeasures of fatal accidents caused by firedamp explosions in underground coal mines in Turkey,” Bilim. Maden. Dergisi, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 299-310, Jun. 2019.
  • [14] MSHA, “Coal fatalities for 1900 through 2022,” Mine Saf. and Health Admin., [Online]. Available: https://arlweb.msha.gov/stats/centurystats/coalstats.asp. [Accessed 12 Dec. 2023].
  • [15] SGK, “İş kazasi ve meslek hastaliği istatistikleri (4-1/a),” Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK), Ankara, Turkiye, 2022.
  • [16] TÜİK, “Industrial production index,” Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), 11 Dec. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Sanayi-%C3%9Cretim-Endeksi-Ekim-2023-49707&dil=1. [Accessed 18 Dec. 2023].
  • [17] T.C. enerji ve tabii kaynaklar bakanlığı, “Coal,” Ministry of Energy and Natural Res., 20 June 2023. [Online]. Available: https://enerji.gov.tr/bilgimerkezi-tabiikaynaklar-komur#:~:text=Maden%20ve%20Petrol%20%C4%B0%C5%9Fleri%20Genel,37%20milyon%20ton%20olarak%20ger%C3%A7ekle%C5%9Fmi%C5%9Ftir. [Accessed 15 04 2024].
  • [18] MSHA, “Mine injury and worktime reports 2012-2022,” Mine Saf. and Health Admin., Arlington, VA, 2023.
  • [19] TMMOB, “Madencilikte yaşanan iş kazalari raporu (2010-2020),” TMMOB, Maden Mühendisleri Odası, Ankara, Turkiye, 2010-2020.
  • [20] EIA, “Annual coal report,” U.S Energy Info. Admin., 03 Oct. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.eia.gov/coal/annual/#:~:text=Highlights%20for%202022,million%20short%20tons%20(MMst). [Accessed 18 Dec. 2023].
  • [21] SGK, “İş kazasi ve meslek hastaliği istatistikleri,” Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK), Ankara, Turkiye, 2012-2022.
  • [22] TBMM, “Amasra maden kazası araştırma komisyonu raporu,” TBMM kaza araştırma komisyonu, Ankara, Turkiye, 2022.
  • [23] H. Chen and al., “Characteristics of direct causes and human factors in major gas explosion accidents in chinese coal mines: case study spanning the years 1980-2010,” Journal of Loss Prev. in the Proc. Indust., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 38-44, Jan. 2013. [24] H. H. Erdoğan, “A quantitative risk assessment methodology for occupational accidents in underground coal mines: a case of Turkish hard coal enterprises [Ph.D. - Doctoral Program],” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://open.metu.edu.tr/handle/11511/26151. [Accessed 8 Nov. 2023].
  • [25] Y. Zhu and al., “A statistical analysis of coal mine fires and explosions in china,” Proc. Safety & Environ. Protection, vol. 121, p. 357–366, Jan. 2019.
  • [26] A. Dash and al., “Lessons learnt from Indian inundation disasters: an analysis of case studies,” Inter. Journal Disas. Risk Red., vol. 20, pp. 93-102, Dec. 2016.
  • [27] Y. Zhang and al., “Analysis 320 coal mine accidents using structural equation modeling with unsafe conditions ofthe rules and regulations as exogenous variables,” Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 92, p. 189–201, Jul. 2016.
  • [28] L. Wang and al., “Research on the influencing factors in coal mine production safety based on the combination of DEMATEL and ISM,” Safety Sci., vol. 103, p. 51–61, Mar. 2018.
  • [29] MSHA, “Injury experience in coal mining, 2012,” Mine Saf. and Health Admin., Colorado, USA, 2013.
  • [30] P. McKennis, “Report of investigation preparation plant fatality (plate press accident),” West Virginia Office of Miners Health, Safety and Training, Oak Hill, USA, 2013.
  • [31] S. N. Ismail and al., “Research trends in mining accidents study: a systematic literature review,” Safety Sci., vol. 143, no. 105438, p. 105438, 2021.
  • [32] E. J. Tetzlaff and al., “Safety culture: a retrospective analysis of occupational health and safety mining reports,” Safety and Health at Work, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 201-208, 2021.
  • [33] S. S. and al., “An assessment of mine methane mitigation and utilisation technologies,” Prog. in Energy and Comb. Sci., vol. 31, no. 2, p. 123–170, 30 Mar. 2005.
  • [34] A. E. Dursun, “Statistical analysis of methane explosions in Turkey’s underground coal mines and some recommendations for the prevention of these accidents: 2010–2017,” Nat. Hazards, vol. 104, p. 329–351, Jul. 2020.
  • [35] Resmî-Gazete, “30 haziran 2012 tarihli ve 28339 sayılı resmî gazete,” 30 June 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/06/20120630-1.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [36] Resmî-Gazete, “26 aralık 2012 tarihli ve 28509 sayılı resmî gazete,” 26 Dec. 2012. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121226-11.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [37] Resmî-Gazete, “29 mayıs 2013 tarihli ve 28661 sayılı resmî gazete,” 29 May 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/05/20130529-10.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [38] Resmî-Gazete, “19 eylül 2013 tarihli ve 28770 sayılı resmî gazete,” 19 Sept. 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/09/20130919-3.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [39] Resmî-Gazete, “24 eylül 2014 tarihli ve 29129 sayılı resmî gazete,” 24 Sept. 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/09/20140924-2.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [40] Resmî-Gazete, “23 nisan 2015 tarihli ve 29335 sayılı resmî gazete,” 23 April 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/04/20150423-3.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [41] Resmî-Gazete, “24 mart 2016 tarihli ve 29663 sayılı resmî gazete,” 24 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/03/20160324-5.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [42] Resmî-Gazete, “18 kasım 2017 tarihli ve 30244 sayılı resmî gazete,” 18 Nov. 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/11/20171118-26.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [43] Resmî-Gazete, “24 mayıs 2018 tarihli ve 30430 sayılı resmî gazete,” 24 May 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/05/20180524-1.htm. [Accessed 24 Dec. 2023].
  • [44] P. C. ISO, “ISO 45001:2018 (F),” Int.l Org. for Stand., Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
  • [45] U. M. and al., “Change in occupational health and safety management system: ISO 45001:2018,” in 5th Inter. Proj. and Const. Manag. Conference (IPCMC2018), North Cyprus, 2018.
  • [46] Y. Zhang and al., “Relationship research between subjective well-being and unsafe behavior of coal miners,” EURASIA Jour. of Math., Sci. & Tech. Edu., vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 7215-7221, 2017.
  • [47] S. Miranda and al., “An Investigation of learning needs in the mining industry,” Edu. Sci., vol. 13, no. 10, p. 1036, 2023.
  • [48] N. Bilim and al., “Ülkemizdeki maden sektöründe meydana gelen iş kazası ve meslek hastalıklarının analizi,” BEU Journal of Sci., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 423-432, Nov. 2018.
  • [49] Q. Liu and al., “Effectiveness research on the multi-player evolutionary game of coal-mine safety regulation in china based on system dynamics,” Safety Sci., vol. 111, pp. 224-233, 2019.
  • [50] K. Zhou and al., “Tripartite evolutionary game and simulation analysis of coal mining safe production supervision under the chinese central government’s reward and punishment mechanism,” Math. Problems in Eng., vol. 2021, p. 17, 2021.
  • [51] S. Şimşek and al., “İş sağliği ve iş güvenliği uygulamalarinda sensör kullaniminin incelenmesi,” İAÜ journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 41-53, 01 Jan. 2020.
  • [52] M. Rausand., Risk assessment: theory, methods, and applications, vol. Part 2, NJ, USA: John wiley & sons, Inc., 2011.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Madenlerde İş Güvenliği ve İşçi Sağlığı
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

El Hassen Diahah 0009-0003-6787-6584

Oktay Şahbaz 0000-0003-0945-9048

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 22 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 007

Kaynak Göster

APA Diahah, E. H., & Şahbaz, O. (2024). An analysis of coal mining accidents in Türkiye: A decade of incidents. Journal of Scientific Reports-C(007), 25-42.
AMA Diahah EH, Şahbaz O. An analysis of coal mining accidents in Türkiye: A decade of incidents. JSR-C. Ağustos 2024;(007):25-42.
Chicago Diahah, El Hassen, ve Oktay Şahbaz. “An Analysis of Coal Mining Accidents in Türkiye: A Decade of Incidents”. Journal of Scientific Reports-C, sy. 007 (Ağustos 2024): 25-42.
EndNote Diahah EH, Şahbaz O (01 Ağustos 2024) An analysis of coal mining accidents in Türkiye: A decade of incidents. Journal of Scientific Reports-C 007 25–42.
IEEE E. H. Diahah ve O. Şahbaz, “An analysis of coal mining accidents in Türkiye: A decade of incidents”, JSR-C, sy. 007, ss. 25–42, Ağustos 2024.
ISNAD Diahah, El Hassen - Şahbaz, Oktay. “An Analysis of Coal Mining Accidents in Türkiye: A Decade of Incidents”. Journal of Scientific Reports-C 007 (Ağustos 2024), 25-42.
JAMA Diahah EH, Şahbaz O. An analysis of coal mining accidents in Türkiye: A decade of incidents. JSR-C. 2024;:25–42.
MLA Diahah, El Hassen ve Oktay Şahbaz. “An Analysis of Coal Mining Accidents in Türkiye: A Decade of Incidents”. Journal of Scientific Reports-C, sy. 007, 2024, ss. 25-42.
Vancouver Diahah EH, Şahbaz O. An analysis of coal mining accidents in Türkiye: A decade of incidents. JSR-C. 2024(007):25-42.