Türki Cumhuriyetlerde Küreselleşmenin Sağlık Harcamaları Üzerindeki Rolü

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 583 - 598, 30.04.2022

Orhan Cengiz , Müge Manga

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.946599

Cited By: 1

Öz

Son kırk yıldır dünyaya egemen olan küreselleşmenin devletin ekonomik rolleri üzerinde yarattığı etkiler dikkate alındığında bu alanda çok farklı fikir akımlarının ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Özellikle refah devleti anlayışına neoliberal modeller eleştirel yaklaşırken, diğer uçtaki görüşler küreselleşmeyle birlikte bireylerin maruz kaldığı dışsal risklerin artması nedeniyle devletin sosyal refah harcamalarının da artacağını öngörmektedir. Bu doğrultuda sosyal refah devletinin küreselleşme ile ilişkilendirildiği tematik alanlardan birisi sağlık harcamaları olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla ülkelerin birbiriyle entegrasyon sürecindeki artıştan sağlık harcamalarının nasıl etkilendiği konusu ayrı bir önem kazanmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmada, 2000-2016 dönemi verileri kullanılarak Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Tacikistan, Türkmenistan ve Özbekistan’dan oluşan Türki Cumhuriyetlerde ekonomik, sosyal ve politik küreselleşmenin sağlık harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Panel ARDL yöntemiyle yapılan analiz sonucunda, ekonomik ve sosyal küreselleşmenin sağlık harcamalarını artırdığı, politik küreselleşmenin ise azalttığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küreselleşme, Sağlık, Sağlık Harcamaları, Entegrasyon, Panel ARDL

The Role of Globalization on Health Expenditures in Turkic Republics

Öz

When considered the impacts of globalization that have dominated the world on state’s economic roles for the last forty decades, very different streams of thought have developed on this subject. Notably, while neoliberal models have a critical approach to the welfare state, the other extreme views foresee that the state’s social welfare expenditures will increase due to the rise in the external risks for individuals within globalization. Thus, health spending becomes one of the thematic fields where the social welfare state is associated with globalization. Therefore, the question becomes more of an issue of how health spending is affected by increasing the integration process of countries. From this viewpoint in this study, the impact of economic, social, and political globalization on health expenditure is examined in Turkic Republics that compose Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan by using data over the period 2000-2016. As a result of the analysis using the panel ARDL method, it was found that economic and social globalization increases health expenditures while political globalization decreases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Globalization, Health, Health Expenditures, Integration, Panel ARDL

Kaynakça

• Alam, M. S., Raza, S. A., Shahbaz, M. ve Abbas, Q. (2016). Accounting for contribution of trade openness and foreign direct investment in life expectancy: the long-run and short-run analysis in Pakistan. Soc Indic Res, 129, 1155-1170.
• Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric analysis of panel data. Third Edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
• Breusch, T. S. ve Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification in econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
• Cameron, D. R. (1978). The expansion of the public economy: a comparative analysis. The American Political Science Review, 72(4), 1243-1261.
• Chapman, A. R. (2009). Globalization, human rights, and the social determinants of health. Bioethics, 23(2), 97-111.
• Choi, I. (2001). Unit root tests for panel data. Journal of International Money and Finance, 20(2), 249-272.
• Dollar, D. (2001). Is globalization good for your health?. Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 79, 827-833.
• Dreher, A., Sturm, J. E. ve Ursprung, H. W. (2008). The impact of globalization on the composition of government expenditures: evidence from panel data. Public Choice, 134(3-4), 263-292.
• Eminer, F. (2017). The impact of globalization on public and private health spending. 3rd SCF International Conference on Economic and Social Impacts of Globalization, Antalya 5th-7th October 2017, Bildiriler Kitabı, 42-48.
• Farooq, F., Yusop, Z. ve Chaudhry, I. S. (2019) How do trade openness and public expenditures affect health status in OIC member countries? an empirical analysis. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 13(4), 1041-1056.
• Golkhandan, A. ve Rostami, M. (2016). Globalization; the opportunity or threat to health? (case study of Iran). Seasonal Health Management, 1, 81-95.
• Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H. ve Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
• Jawadi, F., Gouddi, S. E., Ftiti, Z. ve Kacem, A. (2018). Assessing the effect of trade openness on health in the MENA region: a panel data analysis. Open Econ Rev, 29, 469-479.
• Katzenstein, P. J. (1985). Small states in world markets: industrial policy in Europe. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press.
• Kaur, R. ve Sinha, A. K. (2011). Globalization and health: a case study of Punjab. Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography, 5(1), 35‐42.
• Labonte, R., Mohindra, K. ve Schrecker, T. (2011). The growing impact of globalization for health and public health practice. Annu. Rev. Public Health, 32, 263-283.
• Lee, K. (2004). Globalisation: what is it and how does it affect health?. Medical Journal of Australia, 156-158.
• Maddala, G. S. ve Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simple test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), 631-652.
• Martens, P., Akin, S. M., Maud, H. ve Mohsin, R. (2010). Is globalization healthy: a statistical indicator analysis of the impacts of globalization on health. Globalization and Health, 6(16), 1-14.
• McMichael, A. J. (2013). Globalization, climate change, and human health. The New England Journal of Medicine, 368, 1335-1343.
• Noy, S. ve McManus, P. A. (2015). Modernization, globalization, trends, and convergence in health expenditure in Latin America and the Caribbean. Sociology of Development, 1(2), 321-346.
• Noy, S. (2011). New contexts, different patterns? a comparative analysis of social spending and government health expenditure in Latin America and the OECD. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 52(3), 215-244.
• Pedram, M. ve Mehrjou, B. (2019). The impact of globalization and government expenditure on health: selected study from developing countries. Journal of Economic and Social Research, 18(Special Issue 5), 776-782.
• Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. ve Smith, R. P. (1999). Pooled mean group estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 621-634.
• Quinn, D. (1997). The correlates of change in international financial regulation. American Political Science Review, 91(3), 531-551.
• Rodrik, D. (1996). Why do more open economies have bigger governments?. NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 5537, 1-27.
• Rudra, N. ve Haggard, S. (2005). Globalization, democracy, and effective welfare spending in the developing world. Comparative Political Studies, 38(9), 1015-1049.
• Saker, L., Lee, K. ve Cannito, B. (2007). Infectious disease in the age of globalization. In Ichiro Kawachi and Sarah Wamala (Eds.): Globalization and Health, 19-38. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
• Sanz, I. ve Velázquez, F. J. (2003). Does globalization increase government size? an analysis of the effects of foreign direct investment on total government expenditures and its components. European Economy Group-UCM and FUNCAS, 1-19.
• Swamy, P. A. V. B. (1970). Efficient inference in a random coefficient regression model. Econometrica, 38(2), 311-323.
• Swank, D. (2002). Global capital, political institutions and policy change in developed welfare states. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Tausch, A. (2015). Is globalization really good for public health?. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 31, 511-536.
• Theglobaleconoy.com (2020). Indicators. Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2020, https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/download-data.php.
• Tsai, M. C. (2007). Does globalization affect human well-being?. Social Indicators Research, 81, 103-126.
• WHO (2019). World Health Organization Report. Global Spending on Health: A World in Transition.
• Woodward, D., Drager, N., Beaglehole, R. ve Lipson, D.(2001). Globalization and health: a framework for analysis and action. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79, 875-881.
• World Bank (2020). World Development Indicator. Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2020, https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators.