COMMUNICATIVE ACTION THEORY. A SYSTEM – LIFEWORLD COMPATIBILITY OR INCOMPATIBILITY?

Abstract

Jürgen Habermas focused, with his “Theory of Communicative Action", on the balancing of system-lifeworld, which is one of the most fundamental problems of social sciences. He tries to do this by using the "rational communication" ignored by structural and action theorists. Habermas pays attention to examining and evaluating different philosophical and sociological ideas in his works. By reflecting his knowledge and experience formed by this attitude, he tries to explain the relationship between system and lifeworld by developing a new intersubjective concept. This study has two objectives. First to reveal what kind of different suggestions Habermas offers to save the idea of the Enlightenment. Secondly to discuss what the positive and negative criticisms brought to these proposals are and their applicability in todays society, in the presence of relevant literature.

Keywords

• Communicative Action
• Public Space
• Lifeworld
• System

İLETİŞİMSEL EYLEM KURAMI : YAŞAM DÜNYASI - SİSTEM KAYNAŞMASI mı AYRIŞMASI mı?

Öz

Jürgen Habermas geliştirdiği “İletişimsel Eylem” kuramı ile sosyolojinin en temel sorunlarından biri olan, yapı-eylem/sistem-yaşam dünyası dengelenmesine, odaklanmaktadır. Bunu yaparken gerek eylem kuramcılarının gerekse yapı kuramcılarının göz ardı ettikleri “İletişim” aracını kullanmaktadır. Habermas, çok farklı felsefi ve sosyolojik düşünceleri hem eleştirip hem de faydalanmaya özen göstermektedir. Bu tutumuyla oluşturduğu bilgi ve tecrübesini ortaya koyduğu kuramına yansıtarak yapı-eylem ilişkisini özneler arası yeni bir yaklaşım geliştirerek açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmanın iki amacı vardır. Birincisi Habermas’ın ortaya koyduğu bu yeni kuramın Aydınlanma düşüncesini ve onun savunduğu akılcılığı bu krizden kurtarmak için ne tür farklı öneriler sunduğunu ortaya koymaktır. İkinci olarak bu önerilere getirilen olumlu olumsuz eleştirilerin neler olduğunu ve bunların uygulanabilirliğini tartışmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İletişimsel Eylem
• Kamusal Alan
• Yaşam Dünyası
• Sistem

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