Araştırma Makalesi
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Investigation of the Effects of Accessible Traffic Calming and Flow Improvement Applications on Traffic

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 107 - 118, 19.02.2020

Öz

Proving public transportation and pedestrian priority systems is one of the most important elements of urbanization. In this context, in many developed and developing countries, especially pedestrian and bicycle safety has been prioritized and related applications have been developed and the use of environment and human-friendly transportation systems has been expanded. In this study, some traffic calming applications that can be applied in the vicinity of university campuses, schools, hospitals and health centers, where pedestrian priority and safety should be at the highest level, were evaluated. The current situation of the intersection in the analysis region determined within the scope of the study and the scenarios with different intersection types are examined and analyzed in terms of traffic indicators such as delay, service capacity, emission values and using micro scale traffic simulation program -Synchro 10. As a result of the analysis, it is revealed that the design of the roundabout with raised pedestrain crosswalks (RPC) which is one of the human-friendly traffic calming methods, both increases traffic safety in the areas where pedestrian traffic is heavy and provides flow improvement.

Kaynakça

  • ACV (Arlington County Virginia) (2005). Effectiveness of Traffic Calming Measures in Arlington County. Arlington County, Virginia, VA.
  • Akman, G., & Alkan, A. (2016). "İzmit kent içi ulaşımda alternatif toplu taşıma sistemlerinin aksiyomlarla tasarım yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi Evaluation of alternative public transportation systems in Izmit urban transportation via axiomatic design method." Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1): 54-63.
  • Resmî Gazete (2018). Karayolları Trafik Kanunu İle Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun. İç İşleri Bakanlığı, Türkiye.
  • Baltrėnas, H. P., Januševičius, T., & Chlebnikovas, A. (2017). "Research into the impact of speed bumps on particulate matter air pollution." Measurement, 100: 62-67.
  • Coric, V., & Gruteser, M. (2013). Crowdsensing maps of on-street parking spaces. Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, IEEE.
  • Corkle, J., Giese, J. L., & Marti, M. M. (2001). Investigating the Effectiveness of Traffic Calming Strategies on Driver Behavior, Traffic Flow, and Speed. Minnesota Local Road Research Board, Minnesota Department of Transportation.
  • Ferenchak, N., Marshall, W. E., & Janson, B. N. (2019). Reassessing Child Pedestrian Mode Choice and Safety via Perceived Parental Risk, Mountain Plains Consortium.
  • FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) (2014). Engineering Speed Management Countermeasures: A Desktop Reference of Potential Effectiveness in Reducing Speed, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
  • Gitelman, V., Balasha, D., Carmel, R., Hendel, L., & Pesahov, F. (2012). "Characterization of pedestrian accidents and an examination of infrastructure measures to improve pedestrian safety in Israel." Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44(1).
  • Gündüz, A. Y., Mehmet, K., & Aydemir, C. (2011). "Kentiçi Ulaşımında Karayolu Ulaşımına Alternatif Sistem: Raylı Ulaşım Sistemi." Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 2(1).
  • HCM (2010). "Highway Capacity Manual 2010." Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC: 1207.
  • He, F., Yan, X., Liu, Y., & Ma, L. (2016). "A Traffic Congestion Assessment Method for Urban Road Networks Based on Speed Performance Index." Procedia Engineering, 137(Supplement C): 425- 433.
  • Huang, H. F., & Cynecki, M. J. (2000). "Effects of traffic calming measures on pedestrian and motorist behavior." Transportation Research Record, 1705(1): 26-31.
  • Jain, S., Jain, S. S., & Jain, G., (2017). "Traffic Congestion Modelling Based on Origin and Destination." Procedia Engineering, 187(Supplement C): 442-450.
  • Karim, L., Daissaoui, A., & Boulmakoul, A. (2017). "Robust routing based on urban traffic congestion patterns." Procedia Computer Science, 109(Supplement C): 698-703.
  • Leden, L., Gårder, P., & Johansson, C. (2006). "Safe pedestrian crossings for children and elderly." Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(2): 289-294.
  • Mohammadipour, A. H., & Alavi, S. H. (2009). "The optimization of the geometric cross-section dimensions of raised pedestrian crosswalks: A case study in Qazvin." Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41(2): 314-326.
  • Olszewski, P. (1993). "Overall delay, stopped delay, and stops at signalized intersections." Journal of Transportation Engineering, 119(6): 835-852.
  • Ponnaluri, R. V., & Groce, P. W. (2005). "Operational Effectiveness of Speed Humps in Traffic Calming." ITE Journal (pp. 26-30).
  • Smith, D., Hallmark, S., Knapp, K., & Thomas, G. (2002). Temporary Speed Hump Impact Evaluation. Center for Transportation Research and Education at Iowa State University.
  • Turner, S., Hampshire, R., Redmon, T., & Fitzpatrick, K. (2019). "Pedestrian and Bicyclist Scalable Risk Assessment Methods." ITE Journal, 89(4).
  • Zegeer, C. V., & Bushell, M. (2012). "Pedestrian crash trends and potential countermeasures from around the world." Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44(1): 3-11.

Erişilebilir Trafik Sakinleştirme ve Akım İyileştirme Uygulamalarının Trafiğe Olan Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 107 - 118, 19.02.2020

Öz

Kentleşmenin en önemli unsurlarından biri olarak toplu taşıma ve yaya öncelikli ulaşım sisteminin sağlanması gösterilmektedir. Bu kapsamda birçok gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkede, özellikle yaya ve bisiklet güvenliği ön planda tutulmuş ve bunlarla ilgili uygulamalar geliştirilerek, çevre ve insan dostu ulaşım sistemlerinin kullanımı yaygınlaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, yaya önceliği ve güvenliğinin en üst seviyede olması gereken üniversite yerleşkeleri, okullar, hastaneler ve sağlık merkezleri çevresinde yapılabilecek bazı trafik sakinleştirme uygulamaları ve bunların trafiğe olan etkileri hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında belirlenen analiz bölgesindeki kavşağın mevcut durumu ve oluşturulan farklı kavşak tiplerine sahip senaryolar incelenerek gecikme, hizmet kapasitesi, emisyon değerleri gibi trafik göstergeleri açısından, Synchro 10 mikro ölçekli trafik benzetim programı kullanılarak analizler yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda insan dostu trafik sakinleştirme yöntemlerinden olan yükseltilmiş yaya geçitleri ile birlikte uygulanacak dönel kavşak tasarımının yaya trafiğinin yoğun olduğu bölgelerde hem trafik güvenliğini arttırdığı, hem de akım iyileşmesi sağlayabildiği görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • ACV (Arlington County Virginia) (2005). Effectiveness of Traffic Calming Measures in Arlington County. Arlington County, Virginia, VA.
  • Akman, G., & Alkan, A. (2016). "İzmit kent içi ulaşımda alternatif toplu taşıma sistemlerinin aksiyomlarla tasarım yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi Evaluation of alternative public transportation systems in Izmit urban transportation via axiomatic design method." Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1): 54-63.
  • Resmî Gazete (2018). Karayolları Trafik Kanunu İle Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun. İç İşleri Bakanlığı, Türkiye.
  • Baltrėnas, H. P., Januševičius, T., & Chlebnikovas, A. (2017). "Research into the impact of speed bumps on particulate matter air pollution." Measurement, 100: 62-67.
  • Coric, V., & Gruteser, M. (2013). Crowdsensing maps of on-street parking spaces. Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, IEEE.
  • Corkle, J., Giese, J. L., & Marti, M. M. (2001). Investigating the Effectiveness of Traffic Calming Strategies on Driver Behavior, Traffic Flow, and Speed. Minnesota Local Road Research Board, Minnesota Department of Transportation.
  • Ferenchak, N., Marshall, W. E., & Janson, B. N. (2019). Reassessing Child Pedestrian Mode Choice and Safety via Perceived Parental Risk, Mountain Plains Consortium.
  • FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) (2014). Engineering Speed Management Countermeasures: A Desktop Reference of Potential Effectiveness in Reducing Speed, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
  • Gitelman, V., Balasha, D., Carmel, R., Hendel, L., & Pesahov, F. (2012). "Characterization of pedestrian accidents and an examination of infrastructure measures to improve pedestrian safety in Israel." Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44(1).
  • Gündüz, A. Y., Mehmet, K., & Aydemir, C. (2011). "Kentiçi Ulaşımında Karayolu Ulaşımına Alternatif Sistem: Raylı Ulaşım Sistemi." Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 2(1).
  • HCM (2010). "Highway Capacity Manual 2010." Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC: 1207.
  • He, F., Yan, X., Liu, Y., & Ma, L. (2016). "A Traffic Congestion Assessment Method for Urban Road Networks Based on Speed Performance Index." Procedia Engineering, 137(Supplement C): 425- 433.
  • Huang, H. F., & Cynecki, M. J. (2000). "Effects of traffic calming measures on pedestrian and motorist behavior." Transportation Research Record, 1705(1): 26-31.
  • Jain, S., Jain, S. S., & Jain, G., (2017). "Traffic Congestion Modelling Based on Origin and Destination." Procedia Engineering, 187(Supplement C): 442-450.
  • Karim, L., Daissaoui, A., & Boulmakoul, A. (2017). "Robust routing based on urban traffic congestion patterns." Procedia Computer Science, 109(Supplement C): 698-703.
  • Leden, L., Gårder, P., & Johansson, C. (2006). "Safe pedestrian crossings for children and elderly." Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(2): 289-294.
  • Mohammadipour, A. H., & Alavi, S. H. (2009). "The optimization of the geometric cross-section dimensions of raised pedestrian crosswalks: A case study in Qazvin." Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41(2): 314-326.
  • Olszewski, P. (1993). "Overall delay, stopped delay, and stops at signalized intersections." Journal of Transportation Engineering, 119(6): 835-852.
  • Ponnaluri, R. V., & Groce, P. W. (2005). "Operational Effectiveness of Speed Humps in Traffic Calming." ITE Journal (pp. 26-30).
  • Smith, D., Hallmark, S., Knapp, K., & Thomas, G. (2002). Temporary Speed Hump Impact Evaluation. Center for Transportation Research and Education at Iowa State University.
  • Turner, S., Hampshire, R., Redmon, T., & Fitzpatrick, K. (2019). "Pedestrian and Bicyclist Scalable Risk Assessment Methods." ITE Journal, 89(4).
  • Zegeer, C. V., & Bushell, M. (2012). "Pedestrian crash trends and potential countermeasures from around the world." Accident Analysis & Prevention, 44(1): 3-11.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Kadir Berkhan Akalın 0000-0001-6720-5498

Çağdaş Kara 0000-0002-2520-6561

Abdulkadir Özden 0000-0002-3657-890X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Şubat 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Kasım 2019
Kabul Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akalın, K. B., Kara, Ç., & Özden, A. (2020). Investigation of the Effects of Accessible Traffic Calming and Flow Improvement Applications on Traffic. Journal of Transportation and Logistics, 4(2), 107-118.
AMA Akalın KB, Kara Ç, Özden A. Investigation of the Effects of Accessible Traffic Calming and Flow Improvement Applications on Traffic. JTL. Şubat 2020;4(2):107-118.
Chicago Akalın, Kadir Berkhan, Çağdaş Kara, ve Abdulkadir Özden. “Investigation of the Effects of Accessible Traffic Calming and Flow Improvement Applications on Traffic”. Journal of Transportation and Logistics 4, sy. 2 (Şubat 2020): 107-18.
EndNote Akalın KB, Kara Ç, Özden A (01 Şubat 2020) Investigation of the Effects of Accessible Traffic Calming and Flow Improvement Applications on Traffic. Journal of Transportation and Logistics 4 2 107–118.
IEEE K. B. Akalın, Ç. Kara, ve A. Özden, “Investigation of the Effects of Accessible Traffic Calming and Flow Improvement Applications on Traffic”, JTL, c. 4, sy. 2, ss. 107–118, 2020.
ISNAD Akalın, Kadir Berkhan vd. “Investigation of the Effects of Accessible Traffic Calming and Flow Improvement Applications on Traffic”. Journal of Transportation and Logistics 4/2 (Şubat 2020), 107-118.
JAMA Akalın KB, Kara Ç, Özden A. Investigation of the Effects of Accessible Traffic Calming and Flow Improvement Applications on Traffic. JTL. 2020;4:107–118.
MLA Akalın, Kadir Berkhan vd. “Investigation of the Effects of Accessible Traffic Calming and Flow Improvement Applications on Traffic”. Journal of Transportation and Logistics, c. 4, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 107-18.
Vancouver Akalın KB, Kara Ç, Özden A. Investigation of the Effects of Accessible Traffic Calming and Flow Improvement Applications on Traffic. JTL. 2020;4(2):107-18.



The JTL is being published twice (in April and October of) a year, as an official international peer-reviewed journal of the School of Transportation and Logistics at Istanbul University.