Araştırma Makalesi

A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021

Sayı: 9 23 Haziran 2026
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A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021

Öz

This study analyzes the geographical distribution, ecological impacts, and spatial changes of the large-scale forest fires that occurred in the Mediterranean ecosystem of Türkiye in July 2021 using remote sensing data. The study area covers the wildfire-affected regions within the provinces of Adana, Osmaniye, Mersin, Antalya, and Muğla. Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS imagery dated June 15 (pre-fire) and September 19, 2021 (post-fire) were processed in ArcGIS to assess vegetation dynamics. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) were employed to map vegetation loss and burn severity. Results indicate that Manavgat (55,566 ha), Bodrum–Milas (16,461 ha), and Gündoğmuş (14,599 ha) experienced the most extensive damage. Most burned areas occurred within the 0–2000 m elevation range, corresponding to orobiomes dominated by Pinus brutia (Turkish red pine), Pinus nigra, Cedrus libani, and Abies cilicica. The ecological consequences included deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, loss of above- and below-ground fauna, and disruption of local microclimates. Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) analysis identified Muğla and Antalya as the principal wildfire hotspots, indicating a strong spatial concentration of burn events along the Mediterranean mountain belt. The findings underline that these fires not only destroyed forest ecosystems but also affected agricultural lands, settlements, and coastal tourism zones, leading to significant socio-economic losses. The study emphasizes the need for proactive forest fire management rather than solely relying on post-fire rehabilitation. Recommended measures include reducing fuel loads, establishing fire-resistant buffer zones in forest–urban interfaces, enhancing public education on fire prevention, and integrating meteorological risk assessments into early warning systems. These approaches are essential to maintain the ecological integrity and resilience of Mediterranean forest ecosystems under increasing climate stress.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Akıncı, H. A., & Akıncı, H. (2023). Machine learning based forest fire susceptibility assessment of Manavgat district (Antalya), Turkey. Earth Science Informatics, 16(1), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-023-00953-5
  2. Atalay, I. (2002). Ecoregions of Turkey. Meta Press.
  3. Atalay, I. (2014). Türkiye’nin ekolojik bölgeleri [Ecoregions of Turkey]. Meta Press.
  4. Atalay, I., & Efe, R. (2015). Türkiye biyocoğrafyası [Biogeography of Turkey]. Meta Press.
  5. Baykara, E., & Eşen, D. (2025). Post-fire natural regeneration and early growth of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia) seedlings in Western Türkiye. Forestist, 75(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5152/forestist.2024.24033
  6. Bilgili, E. (2004). Ülkemizde orman yangını gerçeği [The reality of forest fires in our country]. Orman Mühendisleri Odası Dergisi, (7–9), 14–19.
  7. Büyük Larousse ansiklopedisi [Grand Larousse encyclopedia] (Vols. 5 & 14). (1985). Gelişim Yayınları.
  8. Çanakçıoğlu, H. (1993). Orman koruma [Forest protection] (Pub. No. 3264; Faculty of Forestry Pub. No. 411). İstanbul Üniversitesi.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Türkiye Fiziki Coğrafyası

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

23 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

13 Ağustos 2025

Kabul Tarihi

17 Şubat 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 9

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kafalı Yılmaz, F., Bozyurt, O., Erkmen, Y. E., & Avcı, İ. (2026). A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021. Dünya Coğrafyası ve Kalkınma Perspektifi Dergisi, 9, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.58606/jwgdp.1764232
AMA
1.Kafalı Yılmaz F, Bozyurt O, Erkmen YE, Avcı İ. A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021. Journal of World Geography and Development Perspectives. 2026;(9):1-12. doi:10.58606/jwgdp.1764232
Chicago
Kafalı Yılmaz, Fatma, Okan Bozyurt, Yunus Emre Erkmen, ve İlyas Avcı. 2026. “A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021”. Dünya Coğrafyası ve Kalkınma Perspektifi Dergisi, sy 9: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.58606/jwgdp.1764232.
EndNote
Kafalı Yılmaz F, Bozyurt O, Erkmen YE, Avcı İ (01 Haziran 2026) A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021. Dünya Coğrafyası ve Kalkınma Perspektifi Dergisi 9 1–12.
IEEE
[1]F. Kafalı Yılmaz, O. Bozyurt, Y. E. Erkmen, ve İ. Avcı, “A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021”, Journal of World Geography and Development Perspectives, sy 9, ss. 1–12, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.58606/jwgdp.1764232.
ISNAD
Kafalı Yılmaz, Fatma - Bozyurt, Okan - Erkmen, Yunus Emre - Avcı, İlyas. “A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021”. Dünya Coğrafyası ve Kalkınma Perspektifi Dergisi. 9 (01 Haziran 2026): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.58606/jwgdp.1764232.
JAMA
1.Kafalı Yılmaz F, Bozyurt O, Erkmen YE, Avcı İ. A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021. Journal of World Geography and Development Perspectives. 2026;:1–12.
MLA
Kafalı Yılmaz, Fatma, vd. “A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021”. Dünya Coğrafyası ve Kalkınma Perspektifi Dergisi, sy 9, Haziran 2026, ss. 1-12, doi:10.58606/jwgdp.1764232.
Vancouver
1.Fatma Kafalı Yılmaz, Okan Bozyurt, Yunus Emre Erkmen, İlyas Avcı. A Geographical Analysis of Forest Fires Occurring in The Mediterranean Ecosystem of Turkey in July 2021. Journal of World Geography and Development Perspectives. 01 Haziran 2026;(9):1-12. doi:10.58606/jwgdp.1764232