Kadınlarda Somatizasyon: Biyopsikososyal Yaklaşım Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 93 - 117, 27.06.2023

Selin Karaköse , Özlem Sertel Berk

Öz

Somatizasyon, psikolojik ve duygusal faktörlerin bedensel belirtilerle ifade edilmesi olarak tanımlanan, ortaya çıkış nedenleri, sürdürücü faktörleri ve tedavisiyle çok yönlü karmaşık bir yapıya sahip psikolojik bir sendromdur. Hastalıkların kaynağını hücresel ve kimyasal süreçlerle açıklayan biyomedikal model günümüzde yerini, hastalıkların biyolojik, sosyal ve psikolojik faktörlerle ilişkili olduğunu vurgulayan biyopsikososyal modele bırakmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı kadın olmanın bir risk faktörü olarak görüldüğü somatizasyonu biyopsikososyal model bakış açısından incelemektir. Kadınlarda somatizasyonun daha yaygın olarak görülmesi biyolojik faktörler kapsamında beyin sistemi,hormonlar ve üreme sistemindeki farklarla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Kadınların erkeklere kıyasla depresyon ve anksiyete başta olmak üzere diğer ruh sağlığı problemlerini daha çok yaşamaları ve daha yüksek nörotisizm kişilik boyutu eğilimine sahip olmaları ise somatizasyonla ilişkili görülen psikolojik faktörlerdir. Somatizasyonun Batılı olmayan toplumlarda daha sık görülmesine ek olarak, özellikle erkek egemen toplumlarda kadınların dezavantajlı konumda yer almaları ve evlilik-aileyle ilgili konularda daha çok sorumlu olmaları somatizasyonla ilgili sosyal faktörler olarak görülmektedir. Somatizasyonun çok boyutlu yapısı etkin bir tedavide multidisipliner yaklaşım gerekliliğini ortaya koyarken, önleyici çalışmalar içerisinde psikolojik ve sosyal etmenlerin yer almasının önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyopsikososyal model, Kadınlarda somatizasyon, Biyolojik faktörler ve somatizasyon, Psikolojik faktörler ve somatizasyon, Sosyal faktörler ve somatizasyon

Somatization in Women: An Evaluation from the Biopsychosocial Perspective

Öz

Somatization, defined as the expression of psychological and emotional factors through physical symptoms, is a complex psychological syndrome with its predisposing causes, perpetuating factors and treatment. The biomedical model, which explains the causes of diseases via cellular and chemical processes, has been replaced by the biopsychosocial model, which emphasizes that diseases are related to biological, social and psychological factors. This study aims to examine somatization, in which being a woman is considered a risk factor, from the biopsychosocial perspective. The fact that it is more common to observe somatization in women is linked with biological differences in the brain system, hormones and reproductive system. Compared to men, women suffer from mental health issues more, particularly depression and anxiety, and having a high tendency on the neuroticism dimension are physiological factors associated with somatization. In addition to the fact that somatization is more common in non-western societies, it is noteworthy that in male-dominated societies, women have more responsibilities regarding marriage and family, and women’s disadvantaged positions both in society and marriage are recognized as social factors for somatization. While the multi-dimensional nature of somatization emphasizes the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for an effective treatment, it also underlines the significance of including psychological and social factors in prevention studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biopsychosocial model, Somatization in Women, Biological factors in somatization, Psychological factors in somatization, Social factors in somatization

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