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Kadınlarda Somatizasyon: Biyopsikososyal Yaklaşım Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 93 - 117, 27.06.2023

Öz

Somatizasyon, psikolojik ve duygusal faktörlerin bedensel belirtilerle ifade edilmesi olarak tanımlanan, ortaya çıkış nedenleri, sürdürücü faktörleri ve tedavisiyle çok yönlü karmaşık bir yapıya sahip psikolojik bir sendromdur. Hastalıkların kaynağını hücresel ve kimyasal süreçlerle açıklayan biyomedikal model günümüzde yerini, hastalıkların biyolojik, sosyal ve psikolojik faktörlerle ilişkili olduğunu vurgulayan biyopsikososyal modele bırakmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı kadın olmanın bir risk faktörü olarak görüldüğü somatizasyonu biyopsikososyal model bakış açısından incelemektir. Kadınlarda somatizasyonun daha yaygın olarak görülmesi biyolojik faktörler kapsamında beyin sistemi,hormonlar ve üreme sistemindeki farklarla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Kadınların erkeklere kıyasla depresyon ve anksiyete başta olmak üzere diğer ruh sağlığı problemlerini daha çok yaşamaları ve daha yüksek nörotisizm kişilik boyutu eğilimine sahip olmaları ise somatizasyonla ilişkili görülen psikolojik faktörlerdir. Somatizasyonun Batılı olmayan toplumlarda daha sık görülmesine ek olarak, özellikle erkek egemen toplumlarda kadınların dezavantajlı konumda yer almaları ve evlilik-aileyle ilgili konularda daha çok sorumlu olmaları somatizasyonla ilgili sosyal faktörler olarak görülmektedir. Somatizasyonun çok boyutlu yapısı etkin bir tedavide multidisipliner yaklaşım gerekliliğini ortaya koyarken, önleyici çalışmalar içerisinde psikolojik ve sosyal etmenlerin yer almasının önemini vurgulamaktadır.

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Somatization in Women: An Evaluation from the Biopsychosocial Perspective

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 93 - 117, 27.06.2023

Öz

Somatization, defined as the expression of psychological and emotional factors through physical symptoms, is a complex psychological syndrome with its predisposing causes, perpetuating factors and treatment. The biomedical model, which explains the causes of diseases via cellular and chemical processes, has been replaced by the biopsychosocial model, which emphasizes that diseases are related to biological, social and psychological factors. This study aims to examine somatization, in which being a woman is considered a risk factor, from the biopsychosocial perspective. The fact that it is more common to observe somatization in women is linked with biological differences in the brain system, hormones and reproductive system. Compared to men, women suffer from mental health issues more, particularly depression and anxiety, and having a high tendency on the neuroticism dimension are physiological factors associated with somatization. In addition to the fact that somatization is more common in non-western societies, it is noteworthy that in male-dominated societies, women have more responsibilities regarding marriage and family, and women’s disadvantaged positions both in society and marriage are recognized as social factors for somatization. While the multi-dimensional nature of somatization emphasizes the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for an effective treatment, it also underlines the significance of including psychological and social factors in prevention studies.

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  • Twenge, J. M., Campbell, W. K. & Foster, C. A. (2003). Parenthood and marital satis- faction: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(3), 574- 583. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00574.x
  • Vlassoff, C. (2007). Gender differences in determinants and consequences of health and illness. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 25(1), 47-61.
  • Wade, T. J. & Pevalin, D. J. (2004). Marital Transitions and Mental He- alth. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45(2),155-170. https://doi. org/10.1177/002214650404500203
  • Walker, E. A., Gelfand, A. N., Gelfand, M. D., Koss, M. P. & Katon, W. J. (1995). Medical and psychiatric symptoms in female gastroenterology clinic patients with histories of sexual victimization. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17(2), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(94)00058-L
  • Wanic, R. & Kulik, J. (2011). Toward an understanding of gender differences in the impact of marital conflict on health. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 65(5-6), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-9968-6
  • Warner, C. D. (1995). Somatic awareness and coronary artery disease in women with chest pain. Heart & Lung, 24(6), 436-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0147- 9563(95)80021-2
  • Weisberg, Y. J., Deyoung, C. G. & Hirsh, J. B. (2011). Gender Differences in Perso- nality across the Ten Aspects of the Big Five. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 178- 189. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00178
  • Weiss, G.L. & Lonnquist, L.E (2016). The Sociology of Health, Healing and Illness, New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315662749
  • Whitson, S. & El-Sheikh, M. (2003). Marital conflict and health: Processes and pro- tective factors. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 8(3), 283 312. https://doi. org/10.1016/S1359-1789(01)00067-2
  • Whisman, M. A., Weinstock, L. M. & Tolejko, N. (2006). Marriage and Depression. In C. L. M. Keyes & S. H. Goodman (Eds.), Women and depression: A handbook for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences (pp. 219–240). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511841262.012
  • World Health Organization. (2005).Constitution of the World Health Organization: World Health Organization: Basic documents. 45th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
  • Williams, K. & Umberson, D. (2004). Marital status, marital transitions, and health: A gendered life course perspective. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45(1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650404500106
  • Wongpakaran, T. & Wongpakaran, N. (2014). Personality traits influencing somati- zation symptoms and social inhibition in the elderly. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 9, 157–164. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S56246
  • Zhou, X., Min, S., Sun, J., Kim, S. J., Ahn, J. S., Peng, Y., Nohn, S. & Ryder, A. G. (2015). Extending a structural model of somatization to South Koreans: Cul- tural values, somatization tendency, and the presentation of depressive symp- toms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 176, 151-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jad.2015.01.040
  • Yavuz, F. (2012). Fibromyalji ve Somatoform Bozukluk Hastalarında Kişilik Özel- liklerinin Karşılaştırılması, Uzmanlık Tezi, Düzce Üniversitesi, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Düzce.
Toplam 103 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Selin Karaköse 0000-0001-8629-4422

Özlem Sertel Berk Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3045-3903

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karaköse, S., & Sertel Berk, Ö. (2023). Kadınlarda Somatizasyon: Biyopsikososyal Yaklaşım Perspektifinden Bir Değerlendirme. KADEM Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 93-117.