Virginia Woolf’un Kendine Ait Bir Oda: Avrupa-Amerikan Düşüncesinde Temel Feminist Bir Vizyon

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 115 - 148, 28.06.2024

Henrieta Krupa

https://doi.org/10.21798/kadem.2024.148

Öz

Bu çalışma, yaklaşık bir asır önce yayımlanan Virgina Wolf’un Kendine Ait Bir Oda adlı eserini sadece feminist bir manifesto olarak değil aynı zamanda yayımlandığı tarihten sonraki yıllarda meydana gelen Avro Amerikan feminist felsefelerinin belirleyici özelliklerini öngören bir feminist vizyon olarak yeniden incelemektedir. Üç bölüme ayrılan araştırma, öncelikle Woolf’un metninin ve haklı içgörülerinin yakın bir analizini sunar, devamında İngiliz, Amerikan ve Fransız feminizminin belirli odak noktalarını ayrı ayrı tartışır ve son olarak 1929 gibi erken bir tarihte basılan Woolf’un yazdığı vizyoner metinde bu odak noktalarının nasıl öngörüldüğünü ve ele alındığını ayrıntılı olarak açıklar. Çalışma, Woolf’un metnini analiz etmek ve Woolf’un ele aldığı ve öngördüğü noktaları düzenlemek için Showalter’ın tipolojisini kullanır ve Woolf’un metninin ekonomik ve sosyal koşullar ile entelektüel özgürlük arasındaki ilişki, kadınların edebi kanona dahil edilmesinin gerekliliği ve kadın söyleminin önemi gibi sonraki Avro-Amerikan feminist eleştirisinin temel argümanlarını öngördüğünü savunur. Bu araştırma, Woolf’un dikkate değer öngörüsünü vurgulayarak Kendine Ait Bir Oda’nı sadece temel bir feminist metin olarak değil, aynı zamanda günümüzde feminist düşünceyi şekillendiren devam eden derin bir feminist vizyon olarak konumlandırır. Woolf’un eserinin bu yeniden incelemesi, feminist teori ve edebi eleştiri etrafındaki süregelen akademik tartışmalara katkıda bulunur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Virginia Woolf, Kendine Ait Bir Oda, feminizm, Feminist Vizyon, Androjen Sanat

Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own: A Foundational Feminist Vision in Euro-American Thought

Öz

Virginia Woolf’s seminal work, A Room of One’s Own, published nearly a century ago, is reexamined in this study as not only a feminist manifesto but as a feminist vision that anticipated some of the key features addressed in subsequent Euro-American feminist philosophies. Divided into three sections, the research offers a close analysis of Woolf’s text and its prescient insights, discussing separately the particular focal concerns of British, American, and French feminism, and elaborating on the ways these were envisioned and addressed as early as 1929 in Woolf’s visionary text. The study utilizes Showalter’s typology to analyze Woolf’s text and to organize elaborations on the points Woolf addresses and envisions that became fundamental within subsequent Euro-American feminist criticism, including the correlation between economic and social conditions and intellectual freedom, the necessity of women’s inclusion in the literary canon, and the significance of feminine discourse and gynocriticism. By highlighting Woolf’s remarkable foresight, this research positions A Room of One’s Own not only as a foundational feminist text but also as a profound feminist vision that continues to inform feminist thought today. This re-examination of Woolf’s work contributes to on-going academic discourse surrounding feminist theory and literary criticism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Virginia Woolf, A Room of One's Own, feminism, Androgenous art, Feminist Vision, Gynocriticism

Kaynakça

• Bakhtin, M. (1981). Discourse in the Novel, The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays my M. Bakhtin. (M. Holquist, Ed.). (C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans.). University of Texas Press. Beauvoir, S. (1989). The Second Sex. Vintage Books. (Original work published 1949).
• Benjamin, W. (1969). The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. Illuminations. (H. Zohn, Trans.). Schocken Books.
• Butler, J. (1993). Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. Routledge.
• Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge.
• Cixous, H. (1976). The Laugh of the Medusa. Signs. 1(4). 875-893. (K. Cohen & P. Cohen, Trans.). www.jstor.org/stable/1373239.
• Eagleton, T. (1986). Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press. Gilbert, S.M. & Gubar, S. (2000). The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. Yale University Press. Hardy, T. (1998). Far from the Madding Crowd. Doubleday. (Original work published 1874).
• Horace. (1964). Ars Poetica. (A.S.Wilkins, Ed.). Macmillan. (Original work published ca. 13 BC).
• Irigaray, L. (1985). This Sex which is Not One. (C. Porter & C. Burke, Trans.). Cornell University Press. (Original work published 1977).
• Klein, M. (2004). Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanism. Identity: A Reader. (P. du Gay, J. Evans & P. Redman, Ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.
• Kolodny, A. (1980). Dancing Through the Minefield: Some Observations on the Theory, Practice, and Politics of a Feminist Literary Criticism. Feminist Studies, 6(1).1-25. www.jstor.org/stable/3177648.
• Kristeva, J. (2004). Revolution in Poetic Language. Identity: A Reader. (P. du Gay, J. Evans & P. Redman, Ed.). Sage Publications Ltd. Lacan, J. (2004). The Mirror Stage. Identity: A Reader. (P. du Gay, J. Evans & P. Redman, Ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.
• Marx, K. (1984). Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (Das Kapital). Volume I-III. (S. Moore & E. Aveling, Trans.). Lawrence & Wishart. (Original work published 1887).
• Marx, K. & Engels, F. (2013). The Communist Manifesto. (S. Moore, Trans.). Lanham: Start Classics. (Original work published 1848).
• Millett, K. (2000). Sexual Politics. University of Illinois Press. (Original work published 1969).
• Roy, P. (2019). A Room of One’s Own: Virginia Woolf’s Feminist Manifesto and its Influence on Modern Literature. International Journal of Advanced Research, 8(1), 81-87. https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Jan2019/6.pdf
• Showalter, E. (1999). A Literature of Their Own: British Women Novelists from Bronte to Lessing. Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1977).
• Showalter, E. (1981). Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness. Critical Inquiry, 8(2). 179-205. www.jstor.org/stable/1343159
• Showalter, E. (1997). Towards a Feminist Poetics. Twentieth-Century Literary Theory. (K. M. Newton, Ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers Limited. (Original work published 1988).
• Wittig, M. (1992). The Straight Mind. The Straight Mind and Other Essays. Beacon Press.
• Wollstonecraft, M. (1999). A Vindication of the Rights of Women. Bartleby. (Original work published 1792). www.bartleby.com/144
• Woolf, V. (2004). A Room of One’s Own. Penguin Books. (Original work published 1929).
• Woolf, V. (2017). Professions for Women. National Society for Women’s Service. (Original work published 1931). http://s.spachman.tripod.com/Woolf/professions.htm.