HÂRİS EL-MUHÂSİBÎ’YE GÖRE HABERÎ SIFATLAR

III. century of Hegira is important as it is the time when Islamic sciences were systematically discussed. Although Muhasibi didn’t try to establish a sect, because of the method he used, he is among the scholars who contributed to the formation of the kalam of Ahl al-Sunnah. He is the scholar having the highest number of texts in the Sıfatiyye school. His text, Fahmu'l-Qur'an, is important since it reflects Muhâsibî's views on kalam. Predecessors had accepted only what God said and what was transmitted from the Prophet without questioning their meaning. They had paid attention to reject every kind of anthropomorphism having a conflict with God’s own specific subjects presented by Qur’an. As for their successor scholars, they had asserted that the apparent meaning of the basic religious sources associtaing the God with the created ones should explain God by referring to attributes which are possible to define Him. In this respect, Muhasibi had made a comprehensive evaluation and rational explanations by following a way between the scholars of predecessors and successors. He was among the first ones who supported the God’s attributes against Mu'tazila. In this respect, he was criticized by scholars of predecessors in his time.

Muhâsibî 1 (ö.243/857), Allah’ın bazı sıfatlarını nefyeden Mu’tezile’ye karşı bu sıfatları ispat eden ve bu yüzden kendilerine Sıfatiyye denilen ekolün önde gelen temsilcilerindendir. Muhâsibî, İslam coğrafyasında akılla ilgili ilk çalışmalarda bulunan ve Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in anlaşılması üzerine eserler veren öncü şahsiyetlerden biridir. 2 Muhâsibî’nin yaşadığı hicrî üçüncü asır, İslam düşünce ve kültür hayatının zirve noktada olduğu bir dönem olmasından dolayı önemlidir. Mesela; Kelâm ilmi ile ilgili olarak Mu’tezile’nin önde gelen bilginlerinden Ebu’l-Huzeyl el-Allâf (ö.234/849), en-Nazzâm (ö.231/845) ve Câhız (ö.255/868) Muhâsibî ile çağdaştır.