Thermoregulation and Hydration in Children

Abstract

Purpose: The body's metabolic processes occur through the oxidation of nutrients to produce energy. This oxidation process involves the synthesis of the energy carrier molecule, usually called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During metabolism, some energy is lost as heat in the oxidation of nutrients. This occurs as an inevitable consequence of the fact that chemical reactions are not completely efficient and heat is generated. During muscle contraction, some of the energy produced by the body helps the muscles to perform mechanical work, while the rest is lost as heat. This means that during muscle contraction, energy is not completely efficiently converted into mechanical work. Excessive heat accumulation or release can lead to impaired human performance by compromising the physiological function of cellular and organ systems. Human thermoregulatory responses to heat stress therefore involve two basic mechanisms used to regulate body temperature and to distribute heat in a balanced manner. Under conditions of high ambient temperature and humidity, the body's thermoregulatory systems are more stressed. This means that for active individuals involved in competitive sports, effectively dissipating the heat generated by muscles is of critical importance, especially in children. Therefore, the aim of this review was to examine thermoregulation in children and hydration practices during exercise from a theoretical perspective. Method: Data were obtained by searching Google Scholar, PubMed and Sciencedirect databases using keywords. Results: Thermoregulation and exercise-induced hydration practices help children to understand their ability to regulate body temperature and exercise in a healthy way. Conclusion: If children are given sufficient opportunity to drink water during exercise, fluid volume intake from thirst alone is expected to prevent significant dehydration in children.

Keywords

• Child
• exercise
• hydration

Çocuklarda Termoregülasyon ve Egzersize Bağlı Hidrasyon Uygulaması

Öz

Amaç: Vücudun metabolik işlemleri, enerji üretmek için besin maddelerinin oksitlenmesiyle gerçekleşir. Bu oksidasyon süreci, genellikle adenozin trifosfat (ATP) olarak adlandırılan enerji taşıyıcı molekülün sentezini içerir. Metabolizma sırasında, besin maddelerinin oksidasyonunda bir miktar enerji ısı olarak kaybolur. Bu durum, kimyasal tepkimelerin tamamen verimli olmaması ve ısı üretiminin kaçınılmaz bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkar. Kas kasılması sırasında, vücut tarafından üretilen enerjinin bir kısmı, kasların mekanik iş yapmasına yardımcı olurken, geriye kalanı ısı olarak kaybolur. Bu, kas kasılması sırasında enerjinin tamamen verimli bir şekilde mekanik işe dönüşmediği anlamına gelir. Aşırı ısı birikimi veya salınımı, hücresel ve organ sistemlerinin fizyolojik işlevini tehlikeye atarak insan performansının bozulmasına yol açabilir. Bu nedenle ısı stresine karşı insan termoregülasyon tepkileri, vücut sıcaklığını düzenlemek ve ısıyı dengeli bir şekilde dağıtmak için kullanılan iki temel mekanizmayı içerir. Yüksek ortam sıcaklığı ve nem koşullarında, vücudun termoregülasyon sistemleri daha fazla zorlanır. Bu, rekabetçi sporlarla ilgilenen ve aktif bireyler için, kaslar tarafından üretilen ısıyı etkili bir şekilde dağıtmanın özellikle çocuklarda kritik bir öneme sahip olduğu anlamına gelir. Bu nedenle bu derlemede çocuklarda termoregülasyon ile egzersiz sırasında hidrasyon uygulamalarının teori bakış açısıyla incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Veriler anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak Google Scholar, PubMed ve Sciencedirect veritabanları aracılığıyla tarama yöntemi ile elde edildi. Bulgular: Termoregülasyon ve egzersize bağlı hidrasyon uygulaması, çocukların vücut sıcaklığını düzenleme yeteneklerini anlamak ve sağlıklı bir şekilde egzersiz yapmalarını sağlamaktadır. Sonuç: Çocuklara egzersiz sırasında su içmeleri için yeterli fırsat verilirse, yalnızca susuzluktan kaynaklanan sıvı hacmi alımının çocuklarda önemli düzeyde dehidrasyonu önlemesi beklenir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuk
• egzersiz
• hidrasyon

Kaynakça

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