ULUSLARARASI OLMAYAN SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMALARDA GÜVENLİK ALIKOYMASI: DEVLET DIŞI SİLAHLI GRUPLAR BAKIMINDAN HUKUKA UYGUNLUK ŞARTI

Öz

Günümüzde meydana gelen silahlı çatışmaların çok büyük bir bölümü devlet dışı silahlı grupların (DDSG) da taraf olduğu uluslararası olmayan silahlı çatışmalardır. Devletler ve DDSG’ler, uluslararası olmayan silahlı çatışmalarda güvenlik tutuklaması uygulamasına başvurmaktadırlar. Uluslararası olmayan silahlı çatışmalarda güvenlik tutuklaması ile ilgili olarak uluslararası insancıl hukukun Cenevre Sözleşmeleri Ortak 3. Maddesi ve Cenevre Sözleşmelerine Ek II No’lu Protokol gibi bazı yazılı kaynaklarda düzenlemeler yapılmış olmakla beraber, uluslararası insancıl hukukun, devletlere veya DDSG’lere uluslararası olmayan silahlı çatışmalarda güvenlik tutuklaması yapmaları için yetki vermediği genel olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu durumda tarafların yasallık şartını uluslararası insancıl hukuk dışında başka bir şekilde karşılaması gerekmektedir. Yasallık şartının sağlanması için güvenlik tutuklaması yetkisinin iç hukukta aranması alternatif uygun bir yol olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda devletlerin çıkartacakları iç hukuk kuralları ve duruma göre derogasyon ilanları ile bu sorunu çözebilecekleri değerlendirilmektedir. DDSG’lar açısından ise bu yetkinin varlığı tartışma konusudur. Makalede bu bağlamda uluslararası insancıl hukuk ve uluslararası insan hakları hukukunun en önemli amacı olan insanın korunması fonksiyonunun arttırılabilmesi için DDSG’lerin güvenlik tutuklaması uygulaması üzerine odaklanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Güvenlik Tutuklaması
• Uluslararası Olmayan Silahlı Çatışma
• Devlet Dışı Silahlı Grup (DDSG)
• Yasallık ve Yetki
• Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk
• Uluslararası İnsan Hakları Hukuku

Security Detention in Non-International Armed Conflicts: The Requirement of Lawfulness for Non-State Armed Groups

Öz

The vast majority of armed conflicts occurring today are non-international armed conflicts in which non-state armed groups are also parties. Both states and non-state armed groups resort to the practice of security detention in non-international armed conflicts. Although certain written sources of international humanitarian law, such as Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions, contain provisions regarding security detention in non-international armed conflicts, it is generally accepted that international humanitarian law, both as written law and customary law, does not authorize either states or non-state armed groups to conduct security detention in non-international armed conflicts. In this case, the legality requirement must be satisfied in a manner other than through international humanitarian law. Seeking the authority for security detention in domestic law is considered an alternative and appropriate avenue for satisfying the legality requirement. In this regard, it is assessed that states can readily resolve this issue by enacting domestic legal rules. Against this background, the article examines the possible legal bases and practical measures available to non-state armed groups in relation to security detention, with a view to enhancing the protection of individuals, which constitutes a primary objective of both international humanitarian law and international human rights law.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Security Detention
• Non-International Armed Conflict
• Non-State Armed Group (NSAG)
• Legality and Authority
• International Humanitarian Law
• International Human Rights Law

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