Azerbaycan'da Küçük ve Orta Boyutlu Şehir Merkezlerine Yönelik Kalkınma Stratejisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 52 - 62, 30.06.2024

Malahat Eynullayeva

Öz

Bu makale, küçük ve orta ölçekli şehirlerin yeniden canlandırılmasına özel olarak odaklanarak, Azerbaycan'ın Uzun Vadeli Sosyo-Ekonomik Kalkınma Konsepti'nde özetlenen stratejik yolları incelemektedir. Şehir merkezlerinin mimari ve planlama çerçevesinin geliştirilmesine yönelik acil ihtiyacı inceliyor ve bu merkezlerin ulusal peyzaj içerisinde bölgesel büyüme merkezleri olarak önemini vurguluyor.
B.S.'den çizim Khorev'in ufuk açıcı çalışması 'Küçük Kasaba' ile ilgili çalışma, sınırlı istihdam olanakları, kentsel gelişim için yetersiz kaynaklar ve şehir merkezlerinin modernleştirilmesindeki karmaşıklıklar dahil olmak üzere küçük şehirlerin karşılaştığı ortak zorlukları tanımlıyor. Cumhuriyetin küçük kasabalarındaki ortak sosyo-ekonomik kalkınma sorunlarının altını çiziyor.
Kapsamlı bir metodoloji aracılığıyla araştırma, kamu merkezlerinin daha geniş şehir sistemlerine entegrasyonunu savunuyor ve stratejik bölgesel gelişim için net kriterlerin oluşturulmasının önemini vurguluyor. Küçük kasaba merkezlerinin yaşayabilirliğini değerlendirmedeki zorluklara rağmen, çalışma sosyal, işlevsel, bölgesel ve kentsel planlama göstergelerini kapsayan çok yönlü bir değerlendirme yaklaşımı önermektedir.
Ayrıca makale, kamu merkezlerinin etkin bir şekilde örgütlenmesi, kentsel işlevselliği artırmak için çok işlevli merkezlerin kurulması ve spor, sağlık ve eğitim gibi özel ihtiyaçları karşılayacak uzmanlaşmış merkezlerin oluşturulması ihtiyacını vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

küçük ve orta ölçekli kentler, işlevsel planlama yapısı, oluşumu, merkez, kent

Development Strategy for Centers of Small and Medium-sized Cities in Azerbaijan

Öz

This article delves into the strategic pathways outlined in the Concept of Long-Term Socio-Economic Development of Azerbaijan, with a particular focus on the revitalization of small and medium-sized cities. It examines the pressing need to enhance the architectural and planning framework of city centers, highlighting their significance as hubs for territorial growth within the national landscape.
Drawing from B.S. Khorev's seminal work 'Small Town', the study identifies common challenges faced by small cities, including limited employment opportunities, inadequate resources for urban enhancement, and complexities in modernizing city centers. It underscores the shared socio-economic development issues across small towns in the republic.
Through a comprehensive methodology, the research advocates for the integration of public centers into broader city systems and emphasizes the importance of establishing clear criteria for strategic territorial development. Despite challenges in evaluating the viability of small-town centers, the study proposes a multifaceted assessment approach encompassing social, functional, territorial, and urban planning indicators.
Furthermore, the article emphasizes the need for effective organization of public centers, the establishment of multifunctional centers to enhance urban functionality, and the creation of specialized centers to cater to specific needs such as sports, healthcare, and education.

Anahtar Kelimeler

small and medium-sized cities, functional planning structure, formation, center, city

Kaynakça

• Alaskarov, G. A. (1967). Development of urban planning in the Azerbaijan SSR.
• Alizadeh H., & Irandoost, K. (2017). Investigating the process of traditional design principles formation in the Iranian-Kurdish urban quarters. Urban Design, 22: 197–218. 10.1057/s41289-016-0034-4
• Aslan, F., Ateş, O., & Kabataş, E. (2023). An Overview of An Urban Center in Physical and Social Terms: Kırklareli Example. Trakya Journal of Architecture and Design, 3(2): 80-93.
• Azizov, A. (2014). New Urban-Ecology and Transport Frame of the Planning Structure of the City of Baku. Proceedings of International Building and Life Fair Conference, Turkey, Bursa.
• Azizov, A. M. (2020). Sustainable habitat as the main factor of urbanization development: 19th-20th centuries. Problemy Ekorozwoju, 15(1): 135-148.
• Bakirova, T. (2005). The Evolution of the Architectural Environment. Architect Publishing House.
• Chen, H., Liu, L., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Du, Y., & Liu, J. (2022). Key indicators of high-quality urbanization affecting eco-environmental quality in emerging urban agglomerations: Accounting for the importance variation and spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Journal of Cleaner Production, 376: 134087. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134087
• Chin, Wei Chien Benny, Fu, Yuming, Lim, Kwan Hui, Schroepfer, T., & Cheah, L. (2023). Identifying urban functional zones by analyzing the spatial distribution of amenities. Environment and Planning B-Urban Analytics and City Science, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231217376
• Cardoso, R.V. (2023). City-regional demographic composition and the fortunes of regional second cities. Urban geography, 44(7): 1541-1563. 10.1080/02723638.2022.2085436
• Dadasheva, S. (2005). Structural and planning development of the Baku agglomeration of the inhabited places [Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation]. Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction.
• Delage, M., Baudet-Michel, S., Fol, S., Buhnik, S., Commenges, H., & Vallée, J. (2020). Retail decline in France's small and medium-sized cities over four decades. Evidences from a multi-level analysis. Cities, 104: 102790.
• Ershova, S., Orlovskaya, T., & Shishelova, S. (2017). Methodology of Planning Social Infrastructure Development to Create a Comfortable Urban Environment. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on Business Technologies for Sustainable Urban Development (SPbWOSCE), St-Petersburg.
• Esopi, G. (2018). Urban Commons: Social Resilience Experiences to Increase the Quality of Urban System. Tema-Journal of Land Use Mobility and Environment, 11(2): 173-94.
• Erkip, F., Kızılgün, Ö., & Mugan, G. (2012). The role of retailing in urban sustainability: The Turkish case. European Urban and Regional Studies, 20(3): 329-342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776411434846
• Farjam, R., & Hossieni, Motlaq, S. M. (2019). Does urban mixed use development approach explain spatial analysis of inner-city decay? Journal of Urban Management, 8(2): 245-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.01.003
• Gebauer, A., Nam, C. W., & Parsche, R. (2005). Regional technology policy and factors shaping local innovation networks in small German cities. European Planning Studies, 13(5): 661-683. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500139301
• Hajiyeva, Y. A. (2022). General designing principles and urban recovery framework in the Karabakh region. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 11(3): 193-206.
• Huseynov, F. M., Aliyev, N. A, & Yusifova, N. O. (2013). Principles of planning and renewal of small and medium-sized cities of Azerbaijan.
• Isbatov, I. A. (2023). Main principles of sustainable development of the city of Fuzuli: the revived Karabakh region. Architecture and Modern Information Technologies, 1(62): 248-261.
• Khorev, B. S. (1975). Problems of cities. Misl.
• Knight, Sarah J., McClean, Colin J., & White, Piran C. L. (2022). The importance of ecological quality of public green and blue spaces for subjective well-being. Landscape and Urban Planning, 226: 104510. 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104510
• Pang, M. (2017). Planning, transformation and development of resource based industrial cities. Open House International, 42(3): 88-92. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-03-2017-B0018
• Pranciškus, J., Jauneikaite, K. (2008). Problems in urban structure formation and principles of land use classification. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 32(4): 240-247. 10.3846/13921630.2008.32.240-247
• Rastvortseva, S., & Manaeva, I. (2022). Modern Development of Small and Medium-Sized Cities: Trends and Drivers. Economic and Social Changes-Facts Trends Forecast, 15(1): 110-127. 10.15838/esc.2022.1.79.6
• Salamzade, A. V., Avalov, E. V., & Salaeva, R.D. (1979). Problems of preservation and reconstruction of historical cities of Azerbaijan. Elm.
• Sandström, U. G., Angelstam, P., & Khakee, A. (2006). Urban comprehensive planning: identifying barriers for the maintenance of functional habitat networks. Landscape and urban planning, 75(1-2): 43-57 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.11.016
• Van, A., Maarten, & Triggianese, M. (2021). The spatial impact of train stations on small and medium-sized European cities and their contemporary urban design challenges. Journal of Urban Design, 26(1): 38-58. 10.1080/13574809.2020.1814133
• Yusifova, N. O. (2000). Problems of reconstruction of small and medium-sized cities of Azerbaijan [Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation]. Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction.
• Zdanowska, N. (2021). Central Eastern European cities within multi-level transnational company networks: cores, peripheries and diffusion of innovation. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(8): 2453-2465.