HİNDİSTAN VE PAKİSTAN’IN GÜNEY KAFKASYA’DA JEOPOLİTİK DENGE ARAYIŞI (AZERBAYCAN VE ERMENİSTAN ENDEKSLİ DEĞERLENDİRME)

Öz

Bölgenin coğrafi konumu, sahip olduğu doğal zenginlikleri, iklimi ve hatta büyüklüğü onun jeopolitik önemini belirleyen etkenlerdir. Bu açıdan milletlerarası mücadelede sözü geçen politik ve coğrafi temayülün sürekli kullanılması bölgeyi hem iç hem de dış güçler tarafından bir rekabet meydanına dönüştürmektedir. Böyle bir öneme haiz olan Güney Kafkasya 21. yüzyılda dünyanın dört yoluna dönüşmüş ve sadece coğrafi konum olarak sınırdaş devletlerin değil aynı zamanda Asya-Pasifik coğrafyasındaki nükleer güçlerin de dikkatini çekmiştir. Özellikle bölgeye jeostratejik açıdan yaklaşan Hindistan ve Pakistan Güney Kafkasya’daki konumunu üç esas gerekçe üzerinden mutlaklaştırmaya çalışmıştır. Bunlardan birincisi Sovyetlerin dağılmasından sonra bölgede oluşan politik boşluğun doldurulması sürecinde yer alınması; ikincisi transit merkez olarak hizmet veren Güney Kafkasya enerji rotasından yararlanılması; üçüncüsü ve en önemlisi ise Hindistan ve Pakistan arasında uzun yıllardır süre gelen Keşmir sorunu ve bu sorunun çok daha uzak coğrafyada- Güney Kafkasya’da uzantısı olarak kabul edilen Karabağ meselesi bağlamında bölgede denge arayışıdır. Çalışma kapsamında sonuncu husus üzerinde özellikle durulmuştur. Bunun esas nedeni bu nüanstan kaynaklı Hindistan’ın Güney Kafkasya politikasını Ermenistan; Pakistan’ın söz konusu bölge politikasını Azerbaycan endeksli geliştirmeye çalışmasıdır. Ayrıca tümden varım ve dönemsel analiz yönteminin benimsendiği bu çalışmada zaman sınırlaması yoluna gidilmiş; özellikle 1990-2023 yılları arasında Hindistan-Pakistan ve Güney Kafkasya üçgeninde meydana gelen gelişmeler değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Güney Kafkasya
• Keşmir
• Karabağ
• Jeopolitik Rekabet

India and Pakistan’s Quest for Geopolitical Balance in the South Caucasus (Assessment indexed Azerbaijan and Armenia)

Öz

The geographical location of the region, its natural sources, its climate and even its size are the factors that determine its geopolitical importance. In this respect, the South Caucasus, which has such importance, turned into one of the main roads of the world in the 21st century and attracted the attention of not only the geographically bordering states but also the nuclear-powered states in the Asia Pacific geography. Especially India and Pakistan, which approach the region from a geostrategic perspective, have tried to absolutize their position in the South Caucasus on three main grounds. Firstly to take part in the process of filling the political vacuum in the region after the collapse of the Soviets; secondly, taking advantage of the South Caucasus energy route, which serves as a transit hub; The third and most important is the search for balance in the region in the context of the Kashmir issue, which has been going on for many years between India and Pakistan, and the Karabakh issue, which is considered an extension of this problem in a much more distant geography – so-called the South Caucasus. The last issue was particularly emphasized within the scope of the study. The main reason is that India's South Caucasus policy is based on Armenia; however, Pakistan is trying to develop its regional policy with Azerbaijan. In addition, in this study, in which the deductive and periodic analysis method was adopted, time limitation was evaluated, especially the developments that occurred in the IndiaPakistan and South Caucasus triangle between 1990-2023.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• South Caucasus
• Kashmir
• Karabakh
• Geopolitical Competition

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