Dareios’un Sagartia’sı ve Sargon’un Zikirtu’su: İkisi aynı yer miydi?

Öz

Behistun Yazıtı’nın deşifre edilmesinin ardından, yazıtta adı anılan isyankar ülkelerden birisi olan Sagartia’nın, Assur metinlerinde geçen Zikirtu ülkesi ile aynı yer olabileceği konusunda görüşler ortaya atılmaya başlanmıştır. Yüz yılı aşkın süredir bu konuda çalışmalar yapan araştırmacıların çoğu, Sagartia = Zikirtu eşitliğini az çok kabul etmiş gibi görünür. Bunun yanı sıra Assur metinlerinde geçen ve büyük olasılıkla Orta Zagroslarda konumlanması gereken bir kent olan Zakruti ile de her iki ülkeyi ayrı ayrı ilişkilendirme çabalarına şahit olunmuştur. Sagartia ile Zikirtu’yu eşit gören araştırmacılardan kimileri, bu iki ülkeyi coğrafi olarak yakınlaştırmaya (veya birleştirmeye) çalışarak konumlandırma önerilerinde bulunmuştur; kimileri de farklı kaynaklardaki atıfları dikkate alarak o iki ülkenin farklı coğrafi konumlarda olsa da aynı etnik topluluğu tanımladığını kabul etmiştir. Bu eğilimi bir mantık çerçevesine oturtmak için de aynı halkın birkaç farklı bölgeye yayılmış olduğuna veya o halkın tarihin çeşitli dönemlerinde göç ettiğine yönelik varsayımlar kurgulanmıştır. Çalışmamızda söz konusu iki ülke hakkında bilgiler içeren tarihi metinleri ve geçmişten günümüze bu konu üzerine çalışan araştırmacıların görüşlerini göz önünde bulundururak iki ülkeyi ve o ülkelerin halklarını bir tutan hipotezi eleştirel olarak ele aldık; ve ülkelerin muhtemel konumları hakkındaki önerilerimizi ortaya koyduk. Vardığımız sonuç, Zikirtu ve Sagartia ülkelerinin coğrafi açıdan ve o ülkelerin halklarının kültürel ve etnografik açıdan aynı olmadığı yönündedir. En azından bu yönde ikna edici kanıtların elimizde bulunmadığı açıktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eskiçağ Tarihi
• Tarihi Coğrafya
• Sagartia
• Zikirtu
• Pers İmparatorluğu

DARIUS' SAGARTIA AND SARGON'S ZIKIRTU: WERE THEY THE SAME PLACE?

Öz

Following the decipherment of the Behistun Inscription, researchers began proposing that Sagartia, one of the rebellious countries mentioned in the inscription, might be the same as Zikirtu, a land mentioned in Assyrian texts. For over a century, most researchers working on this topic seem to have more or less accepted the equation Sagartia = Zikirtu. Additionally, efforts have been observed to separately associate both Sagartia and Zikirtu with Zakruti, a city likely located in the Central Zagros region, as mentioned in Assyrian texts. Some researchers who equate Sagartia with Zikirtu have attempted to bring the two geographically closer (or even merge them) in their proposed locations. Others, considering references from various sources, have accepted that while these two lands might occupy different geographical locations, they represent the same ethnic community. To frame this tendency within a logical context, hypotheses have been constructed suggesting that the same people were dispersed across several regions or that they migrated during different periods in history. In this study, we critically examined the hypothesis that equates the two lands and their peoples by taking into account the historical texts that contain information about these two lands, as well as the views of researchers who have worked on this topic from past to present. We also presented our own proposals regarding the probable locations of these lands. Our conclusion is that Zikirtu and Sagartia were not the same in terms of geography, nor were their populations identical in cultural or ethnographic terms. At the very least, it is clear that we do not possess convincing evidence to support such an equivalence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ancient History
• Historical Geography
• Sagartia
• Zikirtu
• Persian Empire

Kaynakça

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