Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 89, 523 - 542, 24.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1816604
https://izlik.org/JA89PL84NF

Öz

Kaynakça

  • ADIE, K. (2013). Fighting on the Home Front: The Legacy of Women in World War One, London: Hodder and Stoughton.
  • ALDINGTON, R. (2013). Death of a Hero, London: Penguin.
  • BARRY, P. (1995). Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, Manches-ter: Manchester UP.
  • BORDEN, M. (2008). The Forbidden Zone, London: Hesperus.
  • BOSTRIDGE, M. (ed.) (2008). Because You Died: Poetry and Prose of the First World War and After Vera Brittain, London: Virago.
  • BRITTAIN, V. (1994). Testament of Youth, New York: Penguin.
  • CARRINGTON, C. (2015). Soldier from the Wars Returning, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword.
  • CHAPMAN, G. (1985). A Passionate Prodigality, Wiltshire: Buchan and Enright.
  • CLOETE, S. (1972). A Victorian Son: An Autobiography, Glasgow: Collins.
  • DeGROOT, G. (2014). Back in Blighty: The British at Home in World War I, London: Vintage Books.
  • EDMONDS, C. [Charles Carrington] (1929). A Subaltern’s War, London: Peter Davies Ltd.
  • EGREMONT, M. (2014). Some Desperate Glory: The First World War the Poets Knew, Croydon: Picador.
  • FUSSELL, P. (2000). The Great War and Modern Memory, New York: Oxford UP.
  • GILBERT, S. M. (1987). “Soldier’s Heart: Literary Men, Literary Women, and the Great War” in Margaret Randolph Higonnet et al. Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars, New Haven: Yale UP.
  • GOULD, J. (1987). “Women’s Military Services in First World War Britain” in Margaret Randolph Higonnet et al. Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars, New Haven: Yale UP.
  • GRAVES, R. (1998). Good-Bye to All That, New York: Anchor Books.
  • HIBBERD, D. – Onions J. (2008)., Winter of the World: Poems of the Great War, London: Consta-ble.
  • HOLMES, R. (2004). Tommy: The British Soldier on the Western Front 1914-1918, London: Har-per Collins.
  • HORROCKS, B. (1961). Escape to Action, New York: St Martin Press.
  • KENT, S. K. (1999). Gender and Power in Britain, 1640-1990, London: Routledge.
  • KHAN, N. (1988). Women’s Poetry of the First World War, Worcester: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • LAWRENCE, D. H. (1923). Kangaroo, London: Martin Secker.
  • ――――. (1922). England, My England and Other Stories, New York: Thomas Seltzer,
  • LAWRENCE, T. E. (1991). Seven Pillars of Wisdom, New York: Anchor Books.
  • LAYTON, L. (1987). “Vera Brittain’s Testament(s)”, in Margaret Randolph Higonnet et al. Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars, New Haven: Yale UP.
  • LEWIS-STEMPEL, J. (2010). Six Weeks: The Short and Gallant Life of British Officer in the First World War, London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
  • LORD RIBBERSDALE. (1917). Charles Lister: Letters and Recollections with a Memoir by His Fa-ther, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
  • MARTIN, B. (1987). Poor Bloody Infantry, London: John Murray.
  • MEYNELL, A. (1917). Father of Woman and Other Poems, London: Burns & Oates.
  • NOAKES, V. (2006). Voices of Silence: The Alternative Book of First World War Poetry, Goluchestershire: Sutton Press.
  • O’PREY, P. (2014). Poems from the Front, London: Imperial War Museum.
  • READ, H. (1992). Collected Poems, London: Sinclair-Stevenson.
  • REILLY, C. (ed.) (2002). Scars Upon My Heart: Women’s Poetry & Verse of the First World War, London: Virago.
  • ROBB, G. (2002). British Culture and the First World War, New York: Palgrave.
  • SASSOON, S. (2000). Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, London: faber and faber.
  • ――――. (1919). The War Poems of Siegfried Sassoon, London: William Heinemann,
  • ――――.(1918). Old Hunstman and Other Poems, New York: E. P. Dutton & Company.
  • SMITH, H. Z. (1988). Not So Quiet: Stepdaughters of War, London: Virago.
  • SOLA PINTO, V. de (1969). The City that Shone, London: Hutchinson & Co. Ltd.
  • TATE, T. (1995). Women, Men and the Great War: Anthology of Stories, Manchester: Manchester UP.
  • TAYLOR, M. (1989). Lads: Love Poetry of the Trenches, London: Constable.

Birinci Dünya Savaşı: Sınırlar Koyan ve Kaldıran Savaş

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 89, 523 - 542, 24.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1816604
https://izlik.org/JA89PL84NF

Öz

Bu makale, Birinci Dünya Savaşı Özelinde, savaş olgusunun insan ilişkilerine yaptığı etkiyi “sınır” mecazı üzerinden Yeni Tarihselci bakışla incelemektedir. Gerçek ve mecazi anlamda sınırı aşmak bir çatışma sebebidir. Dört yıl süren Birinci Dünya Savaşı bittiğnde insan ilişkilerinin bazılarına yeni sınırlar örmüş bazılarının sınırlarını kaldırmıştır. Savaş öncesinde kadınlar yoğun olarak ev işleri ve çocuk yetiştirmekle ilgilenen bireylerken erkeklerin savaşa katılmasıyla boşalan pozisyonların yerini dolduran kadınlar kadın-erkek görevleri arasındaki sınırı kaldırmıştır. Bunun yanında savaşa okul bitirip giden ve savaş öncesi hiç yetişkin hayatı olmamış olan gençler savaşın sonunda ayrıldıkları topluma yabancılşmışlar. Bunun yanında savaşın dehşetini en derinden yaşayan erkekler hayal edilemez tecrübelerini iletememenin yabancılığını içinde aileleri ve eşleriyle olan ilişkileri arasına görülmez sınırlar çekilmiştir. Diğer taraftan “tümüyle-erkek” ordu yapılanması içinde askerler arasındaki ilişkilerde beklenmedik yakınlaşmalar gelişmiş, İngiliz sınıfsallığının sınırları da bu savaşta aşınmıştır. Bunun yanında savaşan askerlerin çektikleri çileye karşın ülkede normal akışında devam eden yaşam askerleri içine doğdukları topluma yabancılaştırmıştır. Yine savaş travmalarından dolayı başkalaşan eşler acı kaynağı olmuştur. Bunun yanında benzer tecrübelerden geçen askerler dost-düşman sınırını kaldırırken, siviller bu sınırı hep koruduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu yazar ve şairlerin eserlerinden de faydalanarak savaşın İngiliz toplumu üzerine koyduğu ve kaldırdığı sınırları incelemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • ADIE, K. (2013). Fighting on the Home Front: The Legacy of Women in World War One, London: Hodder and Stoughton.
  • ALDINGTON, R. (2013). Death of a Hero, London: Penguin.
  • BARRY, P. (1995). Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, Manches-ter: Manchester UP.
  • BORDEN, M. (2008). The Forbidden Zone, London: Hesperus.
  • BOSTRIDGE, M. (ed.) (2008). Because You Died: Poetry and Prose of the First World War and After Vera Brittain, London: Virago.
  • BRITTAIN, V. (1994). Testament of Youth, New York: Penguin.
  • CARRINGTON, C. (2015). Soldier from the Wars Returning, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword.
  • CHAPMAN, G. (1985). A Passionate Prodigality, Wiltshire: Buchan and Enright.
  • CLOETE, S. (1972). A Victorian Son: An Autobiography, Glasgow: Collins.
  • DeGROOT, G. (2014). Back in Blighty: The British at Home in World War I, London: Vintage Books.
  • EDMONDS, C. [Charles Carrington] (1929). A Subaltern’s War, London: Peter Davies Ltd.
  • EGREMONT, M. (2014). Some Desperate Glory: The First World War the Poets Knew, Croydon: Picador.
  • FUSSELL, P. (2000). The Great War and Modern Memory, New York: Oxford UP.
  • GILBERT, S. M. (1987). “Soldier’s Heart: Literary Men, Literary Women, and the Great War” in Margaret Randolph Higonnet et al. Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars, New Haven: Yale UP.
  • GOULD, J. (1987). “Women’s Military Services in First World War Britain” in Margaret Randolph Higonnet et al. Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars, New Haven: Yale UP.
  • GRAVES, R. (1998). Good-Bye to All That, New York: Anchor Books.
  • HIBBERD, D. – Onions J. (2008)., Winter of the World: Poems of the Great War, London: Consta-ble.
  • HOLMES, R. (2004). Tommy: The British Soldier on the Western Front 1914-1918, London: Har-per Collins.
  • HORROCKS, B. (1961). Escape to Action, New York: St Martin Press.
  • KENT, S. K. (1999). Gender and Power in Britain, 1640-1990, London: Routledge.
  • KHAN, N. (1988). Women’s Poetry of the First World War, Worcester: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • LAWRENCE, D. H. (1923). Kangaroo, London: Martin Secker.
  • ――――. (1922). England, My England and Other Stories, New York: Thomas Seltzer,
  • LAWRENCE, T. E. (1991). Seven Pillars of Wisdom, New York: Anchor Books.
  • LAYTON, L. (1987). “Vera Brittain’s Testament(s)”, in Margaret Randolph Higonnet et al. Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars, New Haven: Yale UP.
  • LEWIS-STEMPEL, J. (2010). Six Weeks: The Short and Gallant Life of British Officer in the First World War, London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
  • LORD RIBBERSDALE. (1917). Charles Lister: Letters and Recollections with a Memoir by His Fa-ther, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
  • MARTIN, B. (1987). Poor Bloody Infantry, London: John Murray.
  • MEYNELL, A. (1917). Father of Woman and Other Poems, London: Burns & Oates.
  • NOAKES, V. (2006). Voices of Silence: The Alternative Book of First World War Poetry, Goluchestershire: Sutton Press.
  • O’PREY, P. (2014). Poems from the Front, London: Imperial War Museum.
  • READ, H. (1992). Collected Poems, London: Sinclair-Stevenson.
  • REILLY, C. (ed.) (2002). Scars Upon My Heart: Women’s Poetry & Verse of the First World War, London: Virago.
  • ROBB, G. (2002). British Culture and the First World War, New York: Palgrave.
  • SASSOON, S. (2000). Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, London: faber and faber.
  • ――――. (1919). The War Poems of Siegfried Sassoon, London: William Heinemann,
  • ――――.(1918). Old Hunstman and Other Poems, New York: E. P. Dutton & Company.
  • SMITH, H. Z. (1988). Not So Quiet: Stepdaughters of War, London: Virago.
  • SOLA PINTO, V. de (1969). The City that Shone, London: Hutchinson & Co. Ltd.
  • TATE, T. (1995). Women, Men and the Great War: Anthology of Stories, Manchester: Manchester UP.
  • TAYLOR, M. (1989). Lads: Love Poetry of the Trenches, London: Constable.

WORLD WAR I: THE WAR THAT LIFTED AND THRUSTED BORDERS

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 89, 523 - 542, 24.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1816604
https://izlik.org/JA89PL84NF

Öz

This article examines the effect of the phenomenon of war on human relations through the metaphor of “border” by the New Historicist approach in the context of World War One. Crossing the border, both literally and metaphorically, is a cause for conflict. World War One created new borders for some human relations and removed the borders of others. Before the war, women, concerned with housework and raising children, filled the positions left vacant by men's participation in the war, which removed the boundaries between gender roles. In addition, young boys who have finished their school and gone to war and never had an adult life before war became alienated from society. In addition, men who experienced the horrors of war deeply felt alienated due to ineffability of their experiences, which put invisible boundaries between their relationships with their families. An unexpected intimacy developed among “all-male” army constitution. Boundaries of English class system also got eroded during the war. In addition, while soldiers who went through similar experiences removed the boundary between friend and enemy, which civilians always maintained. This study examines the boundaries that the war lifted and thrusted on English society drawing examples from works of writers and poets.

Kaynakça

  • ADIE, K. (2013). Fighting on the Home Front: The Legacy of Women in World War One, London: Hodder and Stoughton.
  • ALDINGTON, R. (2013). Death of a Hero, London: Penguin.
  • BARRY, P. (1995). Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, Manches-ter: Manchester UP.
  • BORDEN, M. (2008). The Forbidden Zone, London: Hesperus.
  • BOSTRIDGE, M. (ed.) (2008). Because You Died: Poetry and Prose of the First World War and After Vera Brittain, London: Virago.
  • BRITTAIN, V. (1994). Testament of Youth, New York: Penguin.
  • CARRINGTON, C. (2015). Soldier from the Wars Returning, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword.
  • CHAPMAN, G. (1985). A Passionate Prodigality, Wiltshire: Buchan and Enright.
  • CLOETE, S. (1972). A Victorian Son: An Autobiography, Glasgow: Collins.
  • DeGROOT, G. (2014). Back in Blighty: The British at Home in World War I, London: Vintage Books.
  • EDMONDS, C. [Charles Carrington] (1929). A Subaltern’s War, London: Peter Davies Ltd.
  • EGREMONT, M. (2014). Some Desperate Glory: The First World War the Poets Knew, Croydon: Picador.
  • FUSSELL, P. (2000). The Great War and Modern Memory, New York: Oxford UP.
  • GILBERT, S. M. (1987). “Soldier’s Heart: Literary Men, Literary Women, and the Great War” in Margaret Randolph Higonnet et al. Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars, New Haven: Yale UP.
  • GOULD, J. (1987). “Women’s Military Services in First World War Britain” in Margaret Randolph Higonnet et al. Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars, New Haven: Yale UP.
  • GRAVES, R. (1998). Good-Bye to All That, New York: Anchor Books.
  • HIBBERD, D. – Onions J. (2008)., Winter of the World: Poems of the Great War, London: Consta-ble.
  • HOLMES, R. (2004). Tommy: The British Soldier on the Western Front 1914-1918, London: Har-per Collins.
  • HORROCKS, B. (1961). Escape to Action, New York: St Martin Press.
  • KENT, S. K. (1999). Gender and Power in Britain, 1640-1990, London: Routledge.
  • KHAN, N. (1988). Women’s Poetry of the First World War, Worcester: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • LAWRENCE, D. H. (1923). Kangaroo, London: Martin Secker.
  • ――――. (1922). England, My England and Other Stories, New York: Thomas Seltzer,
  • LAWRENCE, T. E. (1991). Seven Pillars of Wisdom, New York: Anchor Books.
  • LAYTON, L. (1987). “Vera Brittain’s Testament(s)”, in Margaret Randolph Higonnet et al. Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars, New Haven: Yale UP.
  • LEWIS-STEMPEL, J. (2010). Six Weeks: The Short and Gallant Life of British Officer in the First World War, London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.
  • LORD RIBBERSDALE. (1917). Charles Lister: Letters and Recollections with a Memoir by His Fa-ther, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
  • MARTIN, B. (1987). Poor Bloody Infantry, London: John Murray.
  • MEYNELL, A. (1917). Father of Woman and Other Poems, London: Burns & Oates.
  • NOAKES, V. (2006). Voices of Silence: The Alternative Book of First World War Poetry, Goluchestershire: Sutton Press.
  • O’PREY, P. (2014). Poems from the Front, London: Imperial War Museum.
  • READ, H. (1992). Collected Poems, London: Sinclair-Stevenson.
  • REILLY, C. (ed.) (2002). Scars Upon My Heart: Women’s Poetry & Verse of the First World War, London: Virago.
  • ROBB, G. (2002). British Culture and the First World War, New York: Palgrave.
  • SASSOON, S. (2000). Memoirs of an Infantry Officer, London: faber and faber.
  • ――――. (1919). The War Poems of Siegfried Sassoon, London: William Heinemann,
  • ――――.(1918). Old Hunstman and Other Poems, New York: E. P. Dutton & Company.
  • SMITH, H. Z. (1988). Not So Quiet: Stepdaughters of War, London: Virago.
  • SOLA PINTO, V. de (1969). The City that Shone, London: Hutchinson & Co. Ltd.
  • TATE, T. (1995). Women, Men and the Great War: Anthology of Stories, Manchester: Manchester UP.
  • TAYLOR, M. (1989). Lads: Love Poetry of the Trenches, London: Constable.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Aile Sosyolojisi, Aile ve İlişkiler Sosyolojisi, Askeri Sosyoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mustafa Güllübağ 0000-0001-8847-2245

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 24 Mart 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1816604
IZ https://izlik.org/JA89PL84NF
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 89

Kaynak Göster

APA Güllübağ, M. (2026). WORLD WAR I: THE WAR THAT LIFTED AND THRUSTED BORDERS. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, 23(89), 523-542. https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1816604
AMA 1.Güllübağ M. WORLD WAR I: THE WAR THAT LIFTED AND THRUSTED BORDERS. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 2026;23(89):523-542. doi:10.56694/karadearas.1816604
Chicago Güllübağ, Mustafa. 2026. “WORLD WAR I: THE WAR THAT LIFTED AND THRUSTED BORDERS”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 23 (89): 523-42. https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1816604.
EndNote Güllübağ M (01 Mart 2026) WORLD WAR I: THE WAR THAT LIFTED AND THRUSTED BORDERS. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 23 89 523–542.
IEEE [1]M. Güllübağ, “WORLD WAR I: THE WAR THAT LIFTED AND THRUSTED BORDERS”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları, c. 23, sy 89, ss. 523–542, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.56694/karadearas.1816604.
ISNAD Güllübağ, Mustafa. “WORLD WAR I: THE WAR THAT LIFTED AND THRUSTED BORDERS”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 23/89 (01 Mart 2026): 523-542. https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1816604.
JAMA 1.Güllübağ M. WORLD WAR I: THE WAR THAT LIFTED AND THRUSTED BORDERS. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 2026;23:523–542.
MLA Güllübağ, Mustafa. “WORLD WAR I: THE WAR THAT LIFTED AND THRUSTED BORDERS”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, c. 23, sy 89, Mart 2026, ss. 523-42, doi:10.56694/karadearas.1816604.
Vancouver 1.Mustafa Güllübağ. WORLD WAR I: THE WAR THAT LIFTED AND THRUSTED BORDERS. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 01 Mart 2026;23(89):523-42. doi:10.56694/karadearas.1816604