NEBATİ KRALLIĞI’NIN EKONOMİK DÜZENİ VE MALİ YAPISI

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 89, 302 - 325, 24.03.2026

Adnan Erdal

https://doi.org/10.56694/karadearas.1869183

https://izlik.org/JA34MX59FB

Öz

Bu makale, Antik Çağ’da Arap Yarımadası ve Akdeniz dünyasının kesişim noktasında Ürdün’ün Edomi bölgesinde hüküm süren Nebatî Krallığı’nın ekonomik düzenini, tarihsel kökenleri ve ticaret ağları bağlamında incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nebatîler, kıt kaynakları yönetmeye dayalı bir ekonomi sistemi kurarak kısa sürede geniş bir coğrafyada ekonomik hâkimiyet kurmuşlar ve bölgesel bir güç haline gelmişlerdir. Göçebe kökenli bir toplum olan Nebatîler, zamanla yerleşik hayata geçerek ticaret yolları üzerinde stratejik bir güç konumuna gelmişlerdir. Nebatîler ekonomik düzenlerini, ileri düzey hidrolik mühendisliği, lojistik ağlar ve gelişmiş bir mali yapıdan oluşan çok katmanlı bir sistem üzerine inşa etmişlerdir. Çöl coğrafyasının zorluklarını barajlar, sarnıçlar ve teraslı tarım sistemlerinden oluşan su yönetimi teknikleriyle aşmışlardır. Bu sistemle, yağmur suyunu tarımsal üretimde kullanmışlar ve bu sayede buğday, arpa, hurma, zeytin, üzüm gibi ürünler yetiştirerek temel gıda güvenliğini sağlayan sürdürülebilir bir sistem geliştirmişlerdir. Bu tarımsal üretim sistemi, Güney Arabistan’dan gelen tütsü, mür ve baharat gibi lüks malları Akdeniz dünyasına taşıyarak elde ettikleri ticari gelirler ile birleşerek krallığı zenginleştirmiştir. Petra, Hegra ve Negev gibi önemli lojistik merkezler aracılığıyla yönetilen bu ticaret ağı sayesinde kervanlardan alınan vergiler önemli bir kamu geliri olmuştur. MS 106 yılında Roma İmparatorluğu tarafından ilhak edilmelerine rağmen Nebatîlerin geliştirdiği sistemler varlığını koruyarak bölgesel ekonomik sürekliliğin temel taşını oluşturmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nebatîler , Antik Tarım , Uluslararası Ticaret

THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF THE NABOTIANS

https://izlik.org/JA34MX59FB

Öz

This article aims to examine the economic system of the Nabataeans, who ruled the Edom region of Jordan at the intersection of the Arabian Peninsula and the Mediterranean world in the Ancient Age, within the context of their historical origins and trade networks. The Nabataean Kingdom established an economic system based on managing scarce resources, quickly establishing economic dominance across a vast geography and becoming a regional power. Originally a nomadic society, the Nabataeans gradually transitioned to a settled lifestyle, becoming a strategic power along trade routes. The Nabataeans built their economic order on a multi-layered system consisting of advanced hydraulic engineering, logistics networks, and a sophisticated financial structure. They overcame the challenges of the desert landscape with water management techniques consisting of dams, cisterns, and terraced farming systems. Using this system, they utilized rainwater for agricultural production and developed a sustainable system that ensured basic food security by growing crops such as wheat, barley, dates, olives, and grapes. This agricultural production system, combined with the commercial revenues obtained by transporting luxury goods such as incense, myrrh, and spices from South Arabia to the Mediterranean world, enriched the kingdom. Thanks to this trade network, managed through important logistics centers such as Petra, Hegra, and Negev, taxes collected from caravans became a significant source of public revenue. Despite being annexed by the Roman Empire in 106 AD, the systems developed by the Nabataeans continued to exist, forming the cornerstone of regional economic continuity

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nabataeans , Ancient Agriculture , International Trade

Kaynakça

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