EFTALİTLERİN ADLARI VE BİLEŞENLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Öz

Bu çalışma, Geç Antik Çağ ile Erken Orta Çağ arasında İran dünyasının doğu kesiminde, özellikle Toharistan ve Sogd sahasında siyasî hâkimiyet kuran Eftalitlerin adları ve bileşenleri etrafında şekillenen tarih yazımından kaynaklı sorunları incelemektedir. Çin, Bizans, Ermeni, Süryani, Arap ve Orta Fars kaynaklarında Ephthalit, Heytâl, Hua, Khyon, Hyōn, Heptağ, Heftal, Heftarān ve Uar/Var gibi farklı biçimlerde kaydedilen adların çoğu zaman hangi bağlamda kullanıldığı, literatürde yöntemsel karışıklıklara yol açmıştır. Çalışmada filolojik veriler, nümizmatik bulgular ve diplomatik kayıtlar karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde değerlendirilerek Eftalit adının hanedan merkezli kullanımı, Hua/Uar biçimlerinin tarihî ses bilgisi çerçevesinde yeniden yapılandırılması ve Khyon adının Hun geleneği içindeki işlevi tartışılmıştır. Sogdca mektuplarda geçen Xwn ile Orta Farsçadaki Hyōn biçimleri, Hun etnoniminin farklı dil çevrelerinde sergilediği biçimsel ve fonetik sürekliliği ortaya koyacak biçimde değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca Bizans kaynaklarında Ouarkhonitai adıyla anılan ve Avarlarla özdeşleştirilen topluluğun, Ouar ve Khounni unsurlarını içeren bir adlandırma olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği; bu bağlamda ad benzerliklerinden hareketle kurulan doğrudan soy ve kimlik ilişkilerinin yeniden gözden geçirilmesi icap ettiği ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eftalitler
• Uarlar
• Khyonlar
• Hunlar
• Avarlar

A STUDY ON THE NAMES AND CONSTITUENT PEOPLES OF THE HEPHTHALITES

Öz

This study examines the historiographical problems shaped around the names and constituent elements of the Hephthalites, who established political dominance in the eastern part of the Iranian world, particularly in Tokharistan and Sogd, between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. The names recorded in Chinese, Byzantine, Armenian, Syriac, Arabic, and Middle Persian sources in various forms such as Ephthalit, Haytāl, Hua, Chyon, Hyōn, Hept‘ał, Haftal, Heftarān, and Uar or Var, and the contexts in which these designations were employed, have often led to methodological confusion in the scholarship. In this study, philological data, numismatic evidence, and diplomatic records are comparatively evaluated, and the dynastic centered use of the name Hephthalit, the reconstruction of the forms Hua and Uar within the framework of historical phonology, and the function of the name Chyon within the Hun tradition are discussed. The forms Xwn attested in Sogdian letters and Hyōn in Middle Persian are assessed in order to demonstrate the morphological and phonetic continuity of the Hun ethnonym across different linguistic environments. Furthermore, it is argued that the group referred to in Byzantine sources as Ouarchonitai and identified with the Avars should be understood as a designation incorporating the elements Ouar and Chounni, and in this context direct genealogical and identity based associations derived from similarities of names require reconsideration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hephthalites
• Uar
• Chyons
• Huns
• Avars

Kaynakça

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