Hayvansal Atıklardan Biyogaz Üretimi İçin Küçük Ölçekli Reaktör Modeli Geliştirilmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 138 - 146, 01.01.2018

Ömer Hulusi Dede Gülgün Dede Cemile Dede Saim Özdemir

Öz

Bu çalışmada, büyük baş hayvan gübresinden biyogaz üretimine uygun, çiftlik tipi, gerçek ölçekli bir biyogaz reaktörü tasarlanmış ve biyogaz üretimi yapılmıştır. Reaktörün tasarlanması ve inşasında temel kriter olarak, kırsal koşullara uygunluğu, maliyet avantajı, kolay işletilebilir olması baz alınmıştır. Reaktörün taşıyıcı elamanları betonarme, duvarları ise gaz beton olarak inşa edilmiştir. Isı kaybını önlemek için dış cepheleri membran ve cam elyafı ile sarılmıştır. Üretilen biyogazı depolamak, sabit basınç sağlamak ve gaz sıkışması emniyeti amacı ile bir su kapanı içinde yüzen hareketli gaz deposu tasarlanmıştır. Kurulan sistemde hidrolik bekleme süresi 30 gün, günlük besleme miktarı 0,6 m3’dür. Kullanılan gübre 1:1 oranında 45 oC sıcaklıkta su ile karıştırılıp sisteme beslenmektedir. Reaktöre giren ve çıkan büyük baş hayvan gübresinin karakterizasyonu yapılmış ve OM, TOC, TN, C/N, pH, EC, KOI ve KOI giderim verimleri biyogaz üretimi için uygun bulunmuştur. Ayrıca üretilen biyogazın birleşimi incelenmiş ve biyogazın %59.26 CH4, %32.45 CO2, %2.92 O2 ve %2.06 H2S’den oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen sonuçlar birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, büyük baş hayvan gübrelerinin biyogaz üretiminde kullanılmasının önemli bir bertaraf ve enerji üretim alternatifi olduğu ve önerilen küçük ölçekli biyogaz reaktör modelinin bu amaç doğrultusunda başarı ile kullanılabileceği görülmüştür

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyogaz, Büyük baş hayvan gübresi, Çiftlik tipi biyogaz reaktörü

Development of a Small Scale Reactor Model for Biogas Production from Animal Wastes

Öz

In this study, a family type-real-scale biogas reactor suitable for biogas production from cattle manure was designed and biogas production was carried out. The basic criteria for the design and construction of the reactor is based on its suitability for rural conditions, cost advantage, and ease of operation. The conveyor elements of the reactor were constructed as reinforced concrete and the walls were constructed as aerated concrete. It was wrapped with membrane and glass fiber to prevent heat loss. A mobile gas reservoir floating in a water trap was designed to store the produced biogas, provide a constant pressure and gas jamming safety. In the installed system, hydraulic retention time is 30 days and daily feeding amount is 0.6 m3 . The manure that used is mixed with water at a temperature of 45° C in a 1: 1 ratio and fed to the system. Characterization of cattle manure entering and exiting the reactor was performed and OM, TOC, TN, C/N, pH, EC, COD and COD removal efficiency were found suitable for biogas production. In addition, the composition of the produced biogas was examined and it was determined that the biogas is composed of 59.26 % CH4 , 32.45 % CO2 , 2.92 % O2 and 2.06% H2 S. When the results obtained in the study are evaluated together, it was seen that the use of cattle manure in biogas production is an important disposal alternative and the proposed small scale biogas reactor model can be successfully used for this purpose.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biogas, Cattle manure, Farm type biogas reactor

Kaynakça

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• Yadvika, S., Sreekrishnan, TR., Kohli, S., Rana, V. 2004. Enhancemof biogas production from solid substrates using different techniques a review. Bioresource Technol., 95: 1-10.
• Zaher, U., Frear, C., Pandey, P., Chen, S. 2008. Evaluation of a new fixed-bed digester design utilizing large media for flush dairy manure treatment. Bioresource Technol., 99: 8619-8625.