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Fitoöstrojenler: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Östrojenik Bileşikler

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 69 - 75, 01.06.2011

Öz

Östrojen, yumurtalık ve testislerde üretilen ancak üreme sisteminin yanı sıra pek çok biyolojik etkiye sahip olan bir hormondur. Fitoöstrojenler ise çeşitli yenilebilir bitkinin yapısında, farklı düzey ve kompozisyonlarda yer alan, östrojenlere benzer yapı ve aktivitelere sahip bileşiklerdir. 20. Yüzyılın ilk çeyreği sonrasında yonca ile beslenen hayvanların bazılarında görülen infertilite ile ilişkilendirilerek dikkat çeken bu bileşiklerin son 30 yıl içerisinde insan kaynaklı biyolojik örneklerde tanımlanmasına ve sağlık üzerinde çeşitli etkilerinin incelenmesine başlanmıştır. Bitkilerde özellikle antioksidan rolü üstlenmiş olan bu maddeler, hayvanlarda ve insanlarda ise östrojen agonist ve antagonistleri olarak aktivite sahibidirler. Kimyasal yapıları esas alındıklarında özellikle isoflavon ve lignan grupları altında toplanabilmekte olup, komestan ve stilben grubu üyelerinin bazıları da fitoöstrojenik madde olarak tanımlanmaktadırlar

Kaynakça

  • Adlercreutz, H. 1990. Western diet and western diseases - some hormonal and biochemical- mechanisms and associations. Scand. J. Clin Lab. Inv., 50: 3-23.
  • Albertazzi, P., Purdie, DW. 2002. The nature and utility of the phtoestrogens: A review of the evidence. Maturitas, 42: 173-185.
  • Axelson, M., Sjovall, J., Gustafsson, BE., Setchell, KDR. 1982. Origin of lignans in mammals and identification of a precursor from plants. Nature, 298: 659-660.
  • Begum, A.N., Nicolle, C., Mila, I., Lapierre, C., Nagano, K., Fukushima, K., Heinonen, S.M., Adlercreutz, H., Remesy, C., Scalbert, A. 2004. Dietary lignins are precursors of mammalian lignans in rats. J. Nutr., 134: 120-127.
  • Bennetts, HW., Underwood, EJ., Shier, FL. 1946. A specific breeding problem of sheep on subterranean clover pastures in Wetren Australia. Aust. Vet.J., 22: 2-12.
  • Bickoff, E.M., Booth, A.N., Lyman, R.L., Livingston, A.L., Thompson, C.R., DeEds, F. 1957. Coumestrol, a new estrogen isolated from forage crops. Science, 126: 969-970.
  • Bingham. S,A., Atkinson, C., Liggins, J., Bluck, L., Coward, A. 1998. Phytooestrogens: Where are we now?. Brit. J. Nutr., 79: 393- 406.
  • Blitz, CL., Murphy, S.P., Au, DLM. 2007. Adding lignan values to a food composition database. J. Food Compos. Anal., 20: 99-105.
  • Büyüktuncer, Z., Başaran, AA. 2005. Fitoöstrojenler ve Sağlıklı Yaşamdaki Önemleri. Hacettepe Ün. Eczaclık Fak. Derg., 25: 79-94.
  • Cassidy, A., Hanley, B., Raventos, R. 2000. Isoflavones, Lignans And Stilbens-Origins, Metabolism And Potential Importance To Human Health. J. The Sci. Food Agr., 80: 1044-1062.
  • Cassidy, A. 2004. Phytoestrogens and women’s health. Women’s Health Med., 1: 30-33.
  • Clavel, T., Borrmann, D., Braune, A., Dore, J., Blaut, M. 2006. Occurrence and activity of human intestinal bacteria involved in the conversion of dietary lignans. Anaerobe, 12: 140-147.
  • Clavel, T., Dore, J., Blaut, M. 2006. Bioavailability of lignans in human subjects.Nutr. Res. Rev., 19: 187-196.
  • Cornwell, T., Cohick, W., Raskin, I. 2004. Dietary Phytoestrogens and Health. Phytochemistry, 65: 995-1016.
  • Coward, L., Barnes, NC., Setchell KDR, Banes S. 1993. Genistein and daidzein, and their β- glycoside conjugates: anti-tumor isoflavones in soybean foods from American and Asia diets. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 41: 1961-1967.
  • Duncan, AM., Phipps, WR., Kurzer, MS. 2003. Phyto-oestrogens. Best Pract. Res. Cl. En., 17: 253- 271.
  • Fletcher, RJ. 2003. Food sources of phyto-oestrogens and their precursors in Europe. Brit. J. Nutr., 89: 39-43.
  • Glazier, MG., Bowman, MA. 2001. A review of the evidence fort he use of phytoestrogens as a replacement therapy. Arch. Intern. Med., 161: 1161-1172.
  • Heinonen, SM., Hoikkala, A., Wahala, K., Adlercreutz, H. 2003. Metabolism of the soy isoflavones daidzein, genistein and glycitein in human subjects. Identification of new metabolites having an intact isoflavonoid skeleton. J. Steroid Biochem., 87: 285-299.
  • Hendrich, S. 2002. Bioavailability of isoflavones. J. Chromatogr. B, 777: 203- 210.
  • Hu, JY., Aizawa, T. 2003. Quantitative structure- activity relationships fort he estrogen receptor binding affinity of phenolic chemicals. Water Res., 37: 1213-1222.
  • Kitts, DD., Yuan, YV., Wijewickreme, AN., Thompson, LU. 1999. Antioxidant activity of the flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglycoside and its mammalian lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 202: 91-100.
  • Knight, D.C., Eden, J.A. 1995. Phytoestrogens - A short review. Maturitas, 22: 167-175.
  • Kuijsten, A., Arts, JCW., Vree, TB., Hollman, PCH. 2005. Pharmacokinetics of enterolignans in healthy men and women consuming a single dose of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. J. Nutr., 135: 795-801.
  • Kurzer, MS., Xu Xia, X. 1997. Dietary hytoestrogens. Annu Rev. Nutr., 17: 353-381.
  • Liu, Z., Kanjo, Y., Mizutani, S. 2010. A review of phytoestrogens: Their occuruncence and fate in the environment. Water Res., 44: 567-577.
  • Loewe, S., Lange, F., Spohr, E. 1927. Uber weiliche Sexual hormone(Thelytropine). Biochem. Zeitschr, 180: 1-26.
  • Marley, FHW., Francis, CM. 1968. Varietal and environmental concentrations in Subterranean Clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Aust. J. Agr. Res., 19: 15-26.
  • Mazur, W., Adlercreutz, H. 2000. Overview of naturally occurring endocrine-active substances in the human diet in relation to human health. Nutrition, 16: 654-658.
  • Mazur, W. 1998. Phytoestrogen content in foods. Bailliere's Clin. Endocr. Metab., 12: 729-742.
  • Miksicek, RJ. 1995. Estrogenic flavonoids: structural requirements for biological activity. Proceed. Soc. Exp. Bio. Med., 208: 44-50.
  • Milder, IEJ., Arts, I.CW., Van de Putte, B., Venema, DP., Hollman, PCH. 2005. Lignan contents of Dutch plant foods: a database including lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol. Brit. J. Nutr., 93: 393-402.
  • Murkies, AL., Wikox, G., Davis, SR. 1998. Phytoestrogens. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab., 83: 297- 303.
  • Oomah, BD., Hosseinian, FS. 2008. Phytoestrogens, In: Methods of Analysis for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals 2nd edition. Ed. Hurst WJ. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, pp.1-83.
  • Ososki, AL., Kenelly, EJ. 2003. Phytoestrogens: A review of the present state of research. Phytother. Res., 17: 845-869.
  • Peeters, PHM., Keinan-Boker, L., Van der Schouw, YT., Grobbee, DE. 2002. Consumption of phytoestrogens and cancer risk in Dutch women. J. Nutrition, 132: 590-590.
  • Raffaelli, B., Hoikkala, A., Leppala, E., Wahala, K. 2002. Enterolignans. J. Chromatogr. B, 777: 29-43.
  • Reinli, K., Block, G. 1996. Phytoestrogen Content Of Foods-A Compendium Of Literatura Values. Nutr. Cancer, 26: 123-148.
  • Rossiter, RC., Beck, AB. 1966. Physiological and ecological studies on estrogenic isoflavones in Subterranean Clover (T. subterraneum L.) I. Effects of Temperature. Aust. J. Agr. Res., 17: 29-37.
  • Saarinen, NM., Penttinen, PE., Smeds, AI., Hurmerinta, TT., Makela, SI. 2005. Structural determinants of plant lignans for growth of mammary tumors and hormonal responses in vivo. J. Steroid Biochem., 93: 209-219.
  • Safe, JH., Pallorini, L., Yoon, K., Gaido, K., Ross, S., Saville, B., McDonnel, D. 2001. Toxicology of environmental estrogens. Reprod. Fert. Develop., 13: 307-315.
  • Setchell, K.D.R., Adlercreutz, H. 1979. The excretion of two nem phenolic compounds (180/442 and 180/410) during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy. J. Steroid. Biochem., 11: 15-16.
  • Setchell, KDR., Borriello, SP., Kirk, DN., Exelson, M. 1984. Non-steroidal estrogens of dietary origin: possible roles in hormone dependent disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 40: 569-578.
  • Setchell, KDR., Lawson, A.M., Borriello, SP. 1981. Lignan formation in man-microbial involment and possible roles in relation to cancer. Lancet, 2: 4-7. Setchell, KDR. 1998.
  • Phytoestrogens: the biochemistry, physiology, and implications for human health of soy isoflavones. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 68: 1333-1346.
  • Shutt, DA., Axelsen, A., Linder, HR. 1967. Free and Conjugated Isoflavones in Plasma of Sheep Following Ingestion of Oestrogenic Clover. Aust. J. Agr. Res., 18: 647-655.
  • Shutt, DA. 1976. Effects of plant estrogens on animal reproduction. Endeavour, 35: 110-113.
  • Smeds, AI., Eklund, PC., Sjoholm, RE., Willfor, SM., Nishibe, S., Deyama, T., Holmbom, BR. 2007. Quantification of a broad spectrum of lignans in cereals, oilseeds, and nuts. J. Agr. Food Chem., 55: 1337-1346.
  • Tempfer, CB., Froese, G., Heinze, G., Bentz, EK., Hefler, LA., Huber, JC. 2009. Side Effects of Phytoestrogens: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Am. J. Med., 122: 939-946.
  • Thompson, LU., Robb, P., Serraino, M., Cheung, F. 1991. Mammalian Lignan Production from Various Foods. Nutr. Cancer, 16: 43-52.
  • Wang, LQ. 2002. Mammalian phytoestrogens: enterodiol and enterolactone. J. Chromatogr. B, 777: 289-309.
  • Whitten, PL., Patisaul, HB. 2001. Cross-species and interassy comprasions of phytoestrogen action. Environ. Health Persp., 109: 5-20.
  • Wiseman, H. 2000. The therapautic potential of phytoestrogens. Expert. Opin. Inv. Drug., 9: 1829- 1840.

Phytoestrogens: Plant-derived Estrogenic Compounds

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 69 - 75, 01.06.2011

Öz

Estrogen is a hormone, which is produced in ovary and testis; however, it has many biological effects besides the reproductive system. Phytoestrogens are the compounds, which have estrogen-like structure and activities, taking place in structure of various edible plants at different levels and in different compositions. These compounds attracted notice after the first quarter of 20th century upon they had been associated with infertility seen in some of animals fed with alfalfa, and these compounds have been identified in human-derived biological samples and its effects on health have been taken under study in the recent 30 years. These materials have especially antioxidant role in plants while they have activities in animals and humans as estrogen agonist and antagonists. Based on their chemical structure, they may be gathered under especially isoflavon and lignan groups while some of members of coumestan and stilbene groups are also identified as phytoestrogenic compound.

Kaynakça

  • Adlercreutz, H. 1990. Western diet and western diseases - some hormonal and biochemical- mechanisms and associations. Scand. J. Clin Lab. Inv., 50: 3-23.
  • Albertazzi, P., Purdie, DW. 2002. The nature and utility of the phtoestrogens: A review of the evidence. Maturitas, 42: 173-185.
  • Axelson, M., Sjovall, J., Gustafsson, BE., Setchell, KDR. 1982. Origin of lignans in mammals and identification of a precursor from plants. Nature, 298: 659-660.
  • Begum, A.N., Nicolle, C., Mila, I., Lapierre, C., Nagano, K., Fukushima, K., Heinonen, S.M., Adlercreutz, H., Remesy, C., Scalbert, A. 2004. Dietary lignins are precursors of mammalian lignans in rats. J. Nutr., 134: 120-127.
  • Bennetts, HW., Underwood, EJ., Shier, FL. 1946. A specific breeding problem of sheep on subterranean clover pastures in Wetren Australia. Aust. Vet.J., 22: 2-12.
  • Bickoff, E.M., Booth, A.N., Lyman, R.L., Livingston, A.L., Thompson, C.R., DeEds, F. 1957. Coumestrol, a new estrogen isolated from forage crops. Science, 126: 969-970.
  • Bingham. S,A., Atkinson, C., Liggins, J., Bluck, L., Coward, A. 1998. Phytooestrogens: Where are we now?. Brit. J. Nutr., 79: 393- 406.
  • Blitz, CL., Murphy, S.P., Au, DLM. 2007. Adding lignan values to a food composition database. J. Food Compos. Anal., 20: 99-105.
  • Büyüktuncer, Z., Başaran, AA. 2005. Fitoöstrojenler ve Sağlıklı Yaşamdaki Önemleri. Hacettepe Ün. Eczaclık Fak. Derg., 25: 79-94.
  • Cassidy, A., Hanley, B., Raventos, R. 2000. Isoflavones, Lignans And Stilbens-Origins, Metabolism And Potential Importance To Human Health. J. The Sci. Food Agr., 80: 1044-1062.
  • Cassidy, A. 2004. Phytoestrogens and women’s health. Women’s Health Med., 1: 30-33.
  • Clavel, T., Borrmann, D., Braune, A., Dore, J., Blaut, M. 2006. Occurrence and activity of human intestinal bacteria involved in the conversion of dietary lignans. Anaerobe, 12: 140-147.
  • Clavel, T., Dore, J., Blaut, M. 2006. Bioavailability of lignans in human subjects.Nutr. Res. Rev., 19: 187-196.
  • Cornwell, T., Cohick, W., Raskin, I. 2004. Dietary Phytoestrogens and Health. Phytochemistry, 65: 995-1016.
  • Coward, L., Barnes, NC., Setchell KDR, Banes S. 1993. Genistein and daidzein, and their β- glycoside conjugates: anti-tumor isoflavones in soybean foods from American and Asia diets. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 41: 1961-1967.
  • Duncan, AM., Phipps, WR., Kurzer, MS. 2003. Phyto-oestrogens. Best Pract. Res. Cl. En., 17: 253- 271.
  • Fletcher, RJ. 2003. Food sources of phyto-oestrogens and their precursors in Europe. Brit. J. Nutr., 89: 39-43.
  • Glazier, MG., Bowman, MA. 2001. A review of the evidence fort he use of phytoestrogens as a replacement therapy. Arch. Intern. Med., 161: 1161-1172.
  • Heinonen, SM., Hoikkala, A., Wahala, K., Adlercreutz, H. 2003. Metabolism of the soy isoflavones daidzein, genistein and glycitein in human subjects. Identification of new metabolites having an intact isoflavonoid skeleton. J. Steroid Biochem., 87: 285-299.
  • Hendrich, S. 2002. Bioavailability of isoflavones. J. Chromatogr. B, 777: 203- 210.
  • Hu, JY., Aizawa, T. 2003. Quantitative structure- activity relationships fort he estrogen receptor binding affinity of phenolic chemicals. Water Res., 37: 1213-1222.
  • Kitts, DD., Yuan, YV., Wijewickreme, AN., Thompson, LU. 1999. Antioxidant activity of the flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglycoside and its mammalian lignan metabolites enterodiol and enterolactone. Mol. Cell. Biochem., 202: 91-100.
  • Knight, D.C., Eden, J.A. 1995. Phytoestrogens - A short review. Maturitas, 22: 167-175.
  • Kuijsten, A., Arts, JCW., Vree, TB., Hollman, PCH. 2005. Pharmacokinetics of enterolignans in healthy men and women consuming a single dose of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. J. Nutr., 135: 795-801.
  • Kurzer, MS., Xu Xia, X. 1997. Dietary hytoestrogens. Annu Rev. Nutr., 17: 353-381.
  • Liu, Z., Kanjo, Y., Mizutani, S. 2010. A review of phytoestrogens: Their occuruncence and fate in the environment. Water Res., 44: 567-577.
  • Loewe, S., Lange, F., Spohr, E. 1927. Uber weiliche Sexual hormone(Thelytropine). Biochem. Zeitschr, 180: 1-26.
  • Marley, FHW., Francis, CM. 1968. Varietal and environmental concentrations in Subterranean Clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Aust. J. Agr. Res., 19: 15-26.
  • Mazur, W., Adlercreutz, H. 2000. Overview of naturally occurring endocrine-active substances in the human diet in relation to human health. Nutrition, 16: 654-658.
  • Mazur, W. 1998. Phytoestrogen content in foods. Bailliere's Clin. Endocr. Metab., 12: 729-742.
  • Miksicek, RJ. 1995. Estrogenic flavonoids: structural requirements for biological activity. Proceed. Soc. Exp. Bio. Med., 208: 44-50.
  • Milder, IEJ., Arts, I.CW., Van de Putte, B., Venema, DP., Hollman, PCH. 2005. Lignan contents of Dutch plant foods: a database including lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol. Brit. J. Nutr., 93: 393-402.
  • Murkies, AL., Wikox, G., Davis, SR. 1998. Phytoestrogens. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab., 83: 297- 303.
  • Oomah, BD., Hosseinian, FS. 2008. Phytoestrogens, In: Methods of Analysis for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals 2nd edition. Ed. Hurst WJ. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, pp.1-83.
  • Ososki, AL., Kenelly, EJ. 2003. Phytoestrogens: A review of the present state of research. Phytother. Res., 17: 845-869.
  • Peeters, PHM., Keinan-Boker, L., Van der Schouw, YT., Grobbee, DE. 2002. Consumption of phytoestrogens and cancer risk in Dutch women. J. Nutrition, 132: 590-590.
  • Raffaelli, B., Hoikkala, A., Leppala, E., Wahala, K. 2002. Enterolignans. J. Chromatogr. B, 777: 29-43.
  • Reinli, K., Block, G. 1996. Phytoestrogen Content Of Foods-A Compendium Of Literatura Values. Nutr. Cancer, 26: 123-148.
  • Rossiter, RC., Beck, AB. 1966. Physiological and ecological studies on estrogenic isoflavones in Subterranean Clover (T. subterraneum L.) I. Effects of Temperature. Aust. J. Agr. Res., 17: 29-37.
  • Saarinen, NM., Penttinen, PE., Smeds, AI., Hurmerinta, TT., Makela, SI. 2005. Structural determinants of plant lignans for growth of mammary tumors and hormonal responses in vivo. J. Steroid Biochem., 93: 209-219.
  • Safe, JH., Pallorini, L., Yoon, K., Gaido, K., Ross, S., Saville, B., McDonnel, D. 2001. Toxicology of environmental estrogens. Reprod. Fert. Develop., 13: 307-315.
  • Setchell, K.D.R., Adlercreutz, H. 1979. The excretion of two nem phenolic compounds (180/442 and 180/410) during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy. J. Steroid. Biochem., 11: 15-16.
  • Setchell, KDR., Borriello, SP., Kirk, DN., Exelson, M. 1984. Non-steroidal estrogens of dietary origin: possible roles in hormone dependent disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 40: 569-578.
  • Setchell, KDR., Lawson, A.M., Borriello, SP. 1981. Lignan formation in man-microbial involment and possible roles in relation to cancer. Lancet, 2: 4-7. Setchell, KDR. 1998.
  • Phytoestrogens: the biochemistry, physiology, and implications for human health of soy isoflavones. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 68: 1333-1346.
  • Shutt, DA., Axelsen, A., Linder, HR. 1967. Free and Conjugated Isoflavones in Plasma of Sheep Following Ingestion of Oestrogenic Clover. Aust. J. Agr. Res., 18: 647-655.
  • Shutt, DA. 1976. Effects of plant estrogens on animal reproduction. Endeavour, 35: 110-113.
  • Smeds, AI., Eklund, PC., Sjoholm, RE., Willfor, SM., Nishibe, S., Deyama, T., Holmbom, BR. 2007. Quantification of a broad spectrum of lignans in cereals, oilseeds, and nuts. J. Agr. Food Chem., 55: 1337-1346.
  • Tempfer, CB., Froese, G., Heinze, G., Bentz, EK., Hefler, LA., Huber, JC. 2009. Side Effects of Phytoestrogens: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Am. J. Med., 122: 939-946.
  • Thompson, LU., Robb, P., Serraino, M., Cheung, F. 1991. Mammalian Lignan Production from Various Foods. Nutr. Cancer, 16: 43-52.
  • Wang, LQ. 2002. Mammalian phytoestrogens: enterodiol and enterolactone. J. Chromatogr. B, 777: 289-309.
  • Whitten, PL., Patisaul, HB. 2001. Cross-species and interassy comprasions of phytoestrogen action. Environ. Health Persp., 109: 5-20.
  • Wiseman, H. 2000. The therapautic potential of phytoestrogens. Expert. Opin. Inv. Drug., 9: 1829- 1840.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Nevzat Konar Bu kişi benim

Ender Sinan Poyrazoğlu Bu kişi benim

Köksal Demir Bu kişi benim

Iraz Haspolat Bu kişi benim

Nevzat Artık Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Konar, N., Poyrazoğlu, E. S., Demir, K., Haspolat, I., vd. (2011). Fitoöstrojenler: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Östrojenik Bileşikler. Karaelmas Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 1(2), 69-75.
AMA Konar N, Poyrazoğlu ES, Demir K, Haspolat I, Artık N. Fitoöstrojenler: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Östrojenik Bileşikler. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. Haziran 2011;1(2):69-75.
Chicago Konar, Nevzat, Ender Sinan Poyrazoğlu, Köksal Demir, Iraz Haspolat, ve Nevzat Artık. “Fitoöstrojenler: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Östrojenik Bileşikler”. Karaelmas Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi 1, sy. 2 (Haziran 2011): 69-75.
EndNote Konar N, Poyrazoğlu ES, Demir K, Haspolat I, Artık N (01 Haziran 2011) Fitoöstrojenler: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Östrojenik Bileşikler. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 1 2 69–75.
IEEE N. Konar, E. S. Poyrazoğlu, K. Demir, I. Haspolat, ve N. Artık, “Fitoöstrojenler: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Östrojenik Bileşikler”, Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, ss. 69–75, 2011.
ISNAD Konar, Nevzat vd. “Fitoöstrojenler: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Östrojenik Bileşikler”. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 1/2 (Haziran 2011), 69-75.
JAMA Konar N, Poyrazoğlu ES, Demir K, Haspolat I, Artık N. Fitoöstrojenler: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Östrojenik Bileşikler. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 2011;1:69–75.
MLA Konar, Nevzat vd. “Fitoöstrojenler: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Östrojenik Bileşikler”. Karaelmas Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 2, 2011, ss. 69-75.
Vancouver Konar N, Poyrazoğlu ES, Demir K, Haspolat I, Artık N. Fitoöstrojenler: Bitkisel Kaynaklı Östrojenik Bileşikler. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 2011;1(2):69-75.