Impacts of Socio-Economic Factors on Carbon Dynamics in Black Sea Forests: A Case Study from Akçaabat

Öz

Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in mitigating the negative impacts of global climate change as an essential carbon sink. Land use and land cover change, mainly deforestation, degradation, and afforestation, have significantly affected carbon (C) stock. This study analyzed the effects of land use and land cover changes on forest C dynamics and its spatial distribution based on demographic, socio-economic, and landscape structure in the Akçaabat forest planning unit. Moreover, forest C dynamics in aboveground, belowground, deadwood, litter, and soil were calculated separately based on forest inventory data in 1984, 2008, and 2018. While the total C stock increased by about 38.04% between 1984 and 2008, it increased only by about 4.64% between 1984 to 2018 due mainly to not including of non-state-owned areas covered with forest trees (about 4369.40 ha) in the forest management plans developed based on land cadastre in 2018. The most considerable contribution to the C pool was from the soil by about 73.39%, 72.32% and 61.60% in 1984, 2008 and 2018, respectively. Deciduous cover types, young and full covered forests, had the highest average C density with 442.61 Mg ha-1 49.65 Mg ha-1 and 144.47 Mg ha-1, respectively. Over three decades, the conversion from degraded, forest opening, and non-forest areas to productive forests as well as increasing the quality of forest structure characterized by increasing mixed forest, young or mature development stages, and full covered forests has contributed positively to the C stock. This increase in the quality of the forest can be explained by conversion abandoned agriculture areas to forested areas with migration, reduction of social pressure on forested areas based on decreasing forest crime, and increasing forest crime, and increasing aware awareness and increasing awareness and sensitivity to the environment based on economic development. Analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of carbon dynamics are critical in developing appropriate planning strategies to control climate change.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Land-Use/Land Cover Change,Socio-Economic Factors,Forest Crimes,Climate change,Non-cadastral Woodland (KDA)

Karadeniz Ormanlarındaki Sosyo-Ekonomik Faktörlerin Karbon Dinamikleri Üzerine Etkisi: Akçaabat Örneği

Öz

Önemli bir karbon havuzu olan orman ekosistemleri, küresel bir iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkilerini azaltmada önemli bir rol üstlenmektedir. Arazi kullanım ve arazi örtüsü değişikliği, özellikle ormansızlaşma, orman yapısının bozulması ve ağaçlandırma, karbon (C) stokunu önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışma, Akçaabat orman planlama birimindeki demografik, sosyo-ekonomik ve orman yapısı gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak arazi kullanım ve arazi örtüsü değişikliklerinin orman C dinamikleri ve konumsal dağılımı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemiştir. Ayrıca, 1984, 2008 ve 2018 yıllarında toprak üstü, toprak altı, ölü odun, ölü örtü ve topraktaki C dinamikleri, orman envanteri verilerine göre ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. 1984 ve 2008 yılları arasında toplam C stoku %38.04 oranında artarken, 2018'de sadece %4.64 oranında artmıştır. Karbon stokundaki artışın düşmesinin temel sebebi arazi kadastrosu dikkate alınarak hazırlanan 2018 yılı amenajman planında kadastro dışı ağaçlı alanlar (yaklaşık 4369.40 ha) orman dışı alan olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Karbon stokuna en önemli katkı 1984, 2008 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla %73.39, %72.32 ve %61.60 oranlarında topraktan sağlanmıştır. En yüksek ortalama karbon yoğunluğu 442.61 Mg ha-1 49.65 Mg ha-1 ve 144.47 Mg ha-1 ile geniş yapraklı, gençlik gelişim çağındaki ve tam kapalı ormanlardan sağlanmıştır. Otuz yılı aşkın bir süredir, boşluklu kapalılığa sahip alanlar, orman içi açıklıklar ve orman dışı alanlardan verimli ormanlara dönüşümün yanı sıra, karışık orman, genç veya olgun gelişim aşamaları ile tam kapalı ormanların artmasıyla karakterize edilen orman yapısının kalitesini artırması, karbon stokuna olumlu katkılar sağladı. Ormanın kalitesindeki bu artış, terkedilmiş tarım alanlarının göçle ormanlık alanlara dönüştürülmesi, orman suçlarında azalmaya dayalı ormanlık alanlar üzerindeki sosyal baskının azaltılması ve ekonomik kalkınmaya dayalı olarak çevreye duyarlılığın artırılması ile açıklanabilir. Karbon dinamiğinin zamansal ve konumsal değişimi ve bu değişime etki eden faktörlerin analizi, iklim değişikliğini kontrol etmek için uygun planlama stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde kritik önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arazi Kullanım/Arazi Örtüsü Değişimi,Sosyo-Ekonomik Faktörler,Orman Suçları,İklim Değişimi,Kadastro Dışı Ağaçlı Alan (KDA)

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