Polikistik Over Sendromu Olan Kadınlara Uygulanan Beslenme ve Egzersiz Programının Semptomlara Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 85 - 96, 31.03.2021

Belma Toptaş Hilmiye Aksu

Öz

ÖZET
Bu derlemenin amacı polikistik over sendromu olan kadınlara uygulanan beslenme ve egzersiz programının semptomlara etkisini incelemektir. Polistik over sendromu, etiyolojisinde genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin yer aldığı hormonal bir bozukluktur. Çoğunlukla peripubertal dönemden itibaren başlayan kısa ve uzun dönem riskleri bulunan bir hastalıktır. Kısa dönemde menstrual düzensizlikler, hirşutizm, alopesi, infertilite ve gebelik kayıpları bulunur. Uzun dönemde ise tip II diyabet, psikososyal sorunlar, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve endometrium kanseri açısından risk oluşturur.
Yapılan çalışmalarda beslenme ve egzersizin PCOS’un semptomlarında iyileşme sağladığı, PCOS’lu kadınlarda vücut ağırlığındaki azalmanın yanı sıra, beden kitle indeksinde, vücut yağlarında ve bel/kalça oranında azalma sağladığı belirlenmiştir. PCOS’lu kadınlarda diyabet, gestasyonel diyabet, kardiyovasküler hastalık riskinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Lipid metabolizmasındaki bozukluklar, menstrüel siklus bozuklukları ve ovulasyon durumunda iyileşme olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hiperandrojenizm, akne, hirşutizm gibi belirtilerde azalma olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Uyku düzenini sağladığı, stresi azalttığı ve metabolizma için kilitleyici rol oynayan stres hormonlarında azalma sağladığı saptanmıştır. Dengeli, sağlıklı beslenme ve egzersiz gebelik oranının artmasını, gebelik kayıplarının ve ileri gebelik haftalarında başka önemli komplikasyonların azaltılmasını sağlamıştır.
Hemşireler hastalığın yönetiminde önemli rolleri olan sağlık profesyonelleridir. PKOS’un yönetiminde hastanın yaşam tarzını değiştirmek, PKOS’dan kaynaklanan kısa ve uzun dönem sağlık sorunlarını ertelemek veya önlemek yer almalıdır.






ABSTRACT
The aim of this review is to examine the effects of the nutrition and exercise program applied to women with polycystic ovary syndrome on symptoms. Polystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal disorder that affects women's life with short and long-term risks since the peripubertal period, and genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its etiology. In the short term, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, alopecia, infertility and pregnancy losses are found. In the long term, psychosocial problems, a risk for type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer of the endometrium.
Studies have shown that nutrition and exercise provide improvement in the symptoms of PCOS, a decrease in body weight in women with PCOS, a decrease in body mass index, body fat and waist/hip ratio. It has been observed that the risk of diabetes, gestational diabetes and cardiovascular disease is reduced in women with PCOS. Impairments in lipid metabolism, menstrual cycle disorders and improvement in ovulation were determined. It has been found that symptoms such as hyperandrogenism, acne, hirsutism decrease, provide sleep patterns, decrease stress and decrease stress hormones that play a locking role for metabolism. Balanced, healthy diet and exercise helped increase pregnancy rate and decrease pregnancy losses and other important complications in advanced gestational weeks.
Nurses are healthcare professionals who play an important role in the management of the disease. The key point in the management of PCOS is to change the patient's lifestyle and postpone or prevent short and long term health problems caused by PCOS.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beslenme, Egzersiz, Hemşire, Polikistik Over Sendromu.

Kaynakça

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