Spekülatif Sermayenin Türkiye’nin Ekonomik, Siyasal, Toplumsal ve Kültürel Egemenliği Üzerindeki Etkisi: Yönetim Bilimi Temelinde Bir İnceleme

Öz

Son yarım yüzyılda küresel finansallaşma olgusu gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ekonomik ve siyasal yapıları derinden etkilemiştir. Türkiye özelinde spekülatif sermayenin ülkenin ekonomik, siyasal, toplumsal ve kültürel egemenliği üzerindeki etkileri bu çalışmada incelenmektedir. Nitel bir vaka çalışması olarak tasarlanan araştırmada birincil ve ikincil veriler birlikte kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda uzmanlarla yarı yapılandırılmış 15 derinlemesine mülakat gerçekleştirilmiş ve ilgili literatür taranmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, kısa vadeli spekülatif sermaye akımlarının Türkiye ekonomisinde ciddi dalgalanmalara yol açtığını, ülkeyi dış finansmana bağımlı ve makroekonomik açıdan kırılgan hale getirdiğini göstermektedir. Siyasal alanda finansal çıkar gruplarının karar alma süreçlerini etkilemeye çalıştığı tespit edilmiştir. Toplumsal düzeyde finansallaşma, gelir dağılımını olumsuz etkileyip eşitsizlikleri derinleştirmiş, hane halkı borçluluğunu artırarak finansal risk ve belirsizlikleri geniş kitlelere yansıtmıştır. Kültürel olarak finansal zihniyetin topluma nüfuz ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bulgular, “finansal totalitarizm” olgusunun Türkiye’de kısmen tezahür ettiğine işaret etmektedir. Sonuç bölümünde, spekülatif sermayenin olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak ve finansal bağımsızlığı güçlendirmek için Türkiye özelinde alınabilecek politika önlemleri tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansallaşma
• Spekülatif sermaye
• Faiz lobisi
• Finansal totalitarizm
• Türkiye ekonomisi

The Impact of Speculative Capital on Turkey’s Economic, Political, Social, and Cultural Sovereignty: A Management Science-Based Examination

Öz

Over the past half century, the phenomenon of global financialization has profoundly affected the economic and political structures of developing countries. This study examines the effects of speculative capital on Turkey’s economic, political, social, and cultural sovereignty. Designed as a qualitative case study, the research utilizes both primary and secondary data. In this context, 15 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with experts, and the relevant literature was reviewed. The findings indicate that short-term speculative capital flows have caused significant fluctuations in the Turkish economy, increasing external financial dependence and macroeconomic fragility. In the political sphere, financial interest groups have attempted to influence decision-making processes. At the societal level, financialization has negatively affected income distribution, deepened inequalities, and increased household indebtedness, thereby spreading financial risks and uncertainties to broader segments of society. Culturally, the penetration of a financial mindset into everyday life has been observed. The findings suggest that the phenomenon termed “financial totalitarianism” has partially manifested in Turkey. In conclusion, policy measures to reduce the adverse effects of speculative capital and strengthen financial independence are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Financialization
• Speculative capital
• Interest lobby
• Financial totalitarianism
• Turkish economy

Kaynakça

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