Yüksek Eğitim Seviyesine Sahip İşgücü Ekonomiye Katkı Yapar Mı? Gelişmiş Ülkeler Üzerine Bir Analiz

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 28, 433 - 450, 25.09.2021

Hacı Ahmet Karadaş

Öz

Ekonomik büyümenin önemli unsurlarından biri olan beşeri sermayenin geliştirilmesi bireylerin eğitim seviyelerinin arttırılması ile sağlanabil-mektedir. Dolayısıyla, eğitim seviyesi artan emeğin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumlu etki yapması beklenmektedir. Ancak, hükümetlerin (özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde) günü kurtarmak amacıyla, yükseköğretimi işsizlik rakamlarını düşürmek için kullanması, beklenilen etkinin tersi yönde bir etki ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, ekonomik büyümeye katkı sağlaması beklenen yüksek eğitim seviyesine sahip işgücü, ekonomiye katkı sağlamamakta hatta olumsuz etki etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, gelişmiş ülkelerin (Almanya, İrlanda, İsviçre, Norveç ve Hong Kong) 2000-2019 dönemine ait panel veri seti kullanılarak, eğitim seviyesinin ekonomik büyümeye etkisi panel ARDL yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, temel ve orta düzeyde eğitim seviyesine sahip işgücü ekonomiye olumlu katkıda bulunurken, yüksek düzeyde eğitim seviyesine sahip işgücü ekonomik büyümeye olumsuz yönde etki etmektedir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak, eğitim yatırımları da ülke ekonomisine olumsuz yönde etki ettiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beşeri sermaye, eğitim seviyesi, ekonomik büyüme, işgücü, PANEL ARDL.

Does Labor Force with Advanced Level of Education Contribute to the Economy? An Analysis on Developed Countries

Öz

The development of human capital, which is one of the important elements of economic growth, can be achieved by increasing the education levels of individuals. Therefore, labor with increased education level is expected to have a positive effect on economic growth. However, using higher education as to reduce unemployment rates by governments (especially in developed countries) to save the day has the opposite effect. Therefore, the workforce with a high level of education, which is expected to contribute to economic growth, does not contribute to the economy, and even has a negative effect. In this study, the effect of education level on economic growth was examined by panel ARDL method using the panel data set of developed countries (Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Norway, and Switzerland) for the period 2000-2019. According to the results, while labor force with basic and intermediate level of education contribute positively to the economy, labor force with advanced level of education has a negative effect on economic growth. As a result of this, it has been observed that investments in education have a negative impact on the country's economy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human capital, education level, economic growth, labor force, Panel ARDL.

Kaynakça

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