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Early and Mid-term Results of Patients Who Underwent Surgical Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect After The Infantile Period

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 9 - 14, 01.04.2020

Öz

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mortality, morbidity, postoperative course, and mid-term complications of patients who underwent surgical repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) after the infantile period.

Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 80 patients, older than 1 year, who were operated in our center between 2014 and 2018. We defined “prolonged” as the condition in which the mechanical ventilation was more than 24 hours, ICU stay was longer than 3 days, and hospital stay was longer than 7 days. We considered cardiopulmonary resuscitation, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenator, complete atrioventricular block requiring permanent pacemaker (PM) implantation, diaphragm paralysis, neurological complications, acute renal failure, and unplanned reoperation as the major adverse events (MAE).

Results: The median age of patients was 3 (1.5-20) years. There were 31 (38.8%) female patients in our study. The median operation weight was 12.3 kg (8-60). Indications for operations were pulmonary hypertension (PH) in 30 (37.5%) patients, aortic regurgitation and aortic valve prolapse in 30 (37.5%) patients, and left ventricular (LV) dilatation in 20 (25%) patients. We did not observe mortality in any of the cases. We observed MAE only in one patient (1.3%) (PM implantation). The mean follow-up period was 2.9 ± 1.9 years. Pulmonary arterial pressure decreased significantly after surgery (20% vs. 0% of patients with severe PH, p < 0.001). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameters (LVEDDs) were significantly decreased after operation, and this condition persisted in the mid-term follow-ups (LVEDD: 36.9 ± 9.7 vs. 33.0 ± 6.6, p= 0.02).

Conclusion: Patients with VSD who are awaiting spontaneous closure after the infantile age are highly recommended to undergo rigorous follow-ups. A meticulous examination of patients with late onset VSD preoperatively with a prompt referral to surgery will maintain satisfactory outcomes in early and late mortality and morbidity rates.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Schipper M, Slieker MG, Schoof PH, Breur JMPJ. Surgical repair of ventricular septal defect; contemporary results and risk factors for a complicated course. Pediatr Cardiol 2017;38:264-70.
  • 2. Jacobs ML, O’Brien SM, Jacobs JP, Mavroudis C, Lacour-Gayet F, Pasquali SK, et al. An empirically based tool for analyzing morbidity associated with operations for congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:1046-57.
  • 3. Anderson BR, Stevens KN, Nicolson SC, Gruber SB, Spray TL, Wernovsky G, et al. Contemporary outcomes of surgical ventricular septal defect closure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:641-7.
  • 4. Scully BB, Morales DLS, Zafar F, McKenzie ED, Fraser CD, Heinle JS. Current expectations for surgical repair of isolated ventricular septal defects. Ann Thorac Surg 2010;89:544-51.
  • 5. Kogon B, Butler H, Kirshbom P, Kanter K, McConnell M. Closure of symptomatic ventricular septal defects: how early is too early? Pediatr Cardiol 2008;29:36-9.
  • 6. Siehr SL, Hanley FL, Reddy VM, Miyake CY, Dubin AM. Incidence and risk factors of complete atrioventricular block after operative ventricular septal defect repair. Congenit Heart Dis 2014;9:211-5.
  • 7. Ergün S, Genç SB, Yildiz O, Ozturk E, Kafalı C, Ayyıldız P, et al. Risk factors for major adverse events after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect in patients less than 1 year of age: a single-center retrospective. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2019;34:335-43.
  • 8. Tweddell JS, Pelech AN, Frommelt PC. Ventricular septal defect and aortic valve regurgitation: pathophysiology and indications for surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2006;9:147-52.
  • 9. Kumari V, Shaikh AS, Zakai SB, Kumar N, Bangash SK, Patel N. Incidence of aortic regurgitation in association with type of ventricular septal defects and its immediate and intermediate outcome after surgical closure. Cureus 2019;11:e5102.
  • 10. Tohyama K, Satomi G, Momma K. Aortic valve prolapse and aortic regurgitation associated with subpulmonic ventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:1285-9.
  • 11. Karonis T, Scognamiglio G, Babu-Narayan SV, Montanaro C, Uebing A, Diller GP, et al. Clinical course and potential complications of small ventricular septal defects in adulthood: Late development of left ventricular dysfunction justifies lifelong care. Int J Cardiol 2016;208:102-6.
  • 12. Cheung YF, Chiu CS, Yung TC, Chau AK. Impact of preoperative aortic cusp prolapse on longterm outcome after surgical closure of subarterial ventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg 2002;73:622-7.
  • 13. Sim EK, Grignani RT, Wong ML, Quek SC, Wong JC, Yip WC, et al. Outcome of surgical closure of doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;67:736-8.
  • 14. Tribouilloy C, Grigioni F, Avierinos JF, Barbieri A, Rusinaru D, Szymanski C, et al.; MIDA Investigators. Survival implication of left ventricular end-systolic diameter in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflets a long-term follow-up multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:1961-8.
  • 15. Tribouilloy C, Rusinaru D, Szymanski C, Mezghani S, Fournier A, Levy F, et al. Predicting left ventricular dysfunction after valve repair for mitral regurgitation due to leaflet prolapse: additive value of left ventricular end-systolic dimension to ejection fraction. Eur J Echocardiogr 2011;12:702-10.
  • 16. Klitsie LM, Kuipers IM, Roest AAW, Van der Hulst AE, Stijnen T, Hazekamp MG, et al. Disparity in right vs left ventricular recovery during follow-up after ventricular septal defect correction in children. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013;44:269-74.
  • 17. Cordell D, Graham TP Jr, Atwood GF, Boerth RC, Boucek RJ, Bender HW. Left heart volume characteristics following ventricular septal defect closure in infancy. Circulation 1976;54:294-8.

İnfantil Dönem Sonrası Cerrahi Tamir Yapılan Ventriküler Septal Defektli Hastaların Erken ve Orta Dönem Sonuçları

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 9 - 14, 01.04.2020

Öz

Giriş: Bu çalışmada infantil dönem sonrası opere edilen ventriküler septal defekt hastalarının mortalite, morbidite gelişimi, postoperatif seyir ve orta dönem komplikasyon açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.

Hastalar ve Yöntem: Merkezimizde 2014-2018 yılları arasında ventriküler septal defekt (VSD) tanısı ile opere edilmiş bir yaş üstü 80 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. Uzamış mekanik ventilasyon > 24 saat, uzamış yoğun bakım > 3 gün, uzamış hastane kalışı ise > 7 gün olarak kabul edildi. İstenmeyen yeniden operasyon, kalıcı bir kalp pilini gerektiren kalp bloğu, mekanik destek ihtiyacı, nörolojik defisit, diyafram paralizisi ve ani dolaşım durması majör advers olay olarak kabul edildi.

Bulgular: Ortanca yaş 3 (1.5-20) yıl idi. Hastaların 31 (%38.8)’i kız idi. Ortanca operasyon kilosu 12.3 kg (8-60) idi. Operasyon endikasyonu 30 (%37.5) hastada pulmoner hipertansiyon, 30 (%37.5) hastada aort kapak yetmezliği ve prolapsusu, 20 (%25) hastada ise sol ventrikül genişlemesi olarak saptanmıştır. Operasyona bağlı mortalite gözlenmemiştir. Majör advers olay bir hastada (pacemaker implantasyonu) (%1.3) gözlenmiştir. Hastaların ortalama takip süresi 2.9 ± 1.9 yıl saptanmıştır. Takipte pulmoner arter basınç düzeyi operasyon sonrası dönemde operasyon öncesi döneme göre anlamlı düşmüştür (ileri PHT’li hasta sayısı %20 vs. %0, p< 0.001). Operasyon sonrası erken dönemde sol ventrikül sonu diyastolik çaplarında belirgin azalma gözlendiği ve bu durumun orta dönemde de devam ettiği görülmüştür (36.9 ± 9.7 vs. 33.0 ± 6.6, p= 0.02).

Sonuç: İnfantil dönem sonrası VSD tanılı olgularda spontan kapanmanın beklendiği hastaların takiplerinin titizlikle yapılması ve geç başvuran hastaların preoperatif ayrıntılı şekilde değerlendirilmesi ve cerrahi tamire uygun hastaların bekletilmeden opere edilmesi erken ve uzun dönem mortalite ve morbiditeye olumlu katkı sağlayacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Schipper M, Slieker MG, Schoof PH, Breur JMPJ. Surgical repair of ventricular septal defect; contemporary results and risk factors for a complicated course. Pediatr Cardiol 2017;38:264-70.
  • 2. Jacobs ML, O’Brien SM, Jacobs JP, Mavroudis C, Lacour-Gayet F, Pasquali SK, et al. An empirically based tool for analyzing morbidity associated with operations for congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:1046-57.
  • 3. Anderson BR, Stevens KN, Nicolson SC, Gruber SB, Spray TL, Wernovsky G, et al. Contemporary outcomes of surgical ventricular septal defect closure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:641-7.
  • 4. Scully BB, Morales DLS, Zafar F, McKenzie ED, Fraser CD, Heinle JS. Current expectations for surgical repair of isolated ventricular septal defects. Ann Thorac Surg 2010;89:544-51.
  • 5. Kogon B, Butler H, Kirshbom P, Kanter K, McConnell M. Closure of symptomatic ventricular septal defects: how early is too early? Pediatr Cardiol 2008;29:36-9.
  • 6. Siehr SL, Hanley FL, Reddy VM, Miyake CY, Dubin AM. Incidence and risk factors of complete atrioventricular block after operative ventricular septal defect repair. Congenit Heart Dis 2014;9:211-5.
  • 7. Ergün S, Genç SB, Yildiz O, Ozturk E, Kafalı C, Ayyıldız P, et al. Risk factors for major adverse events after surgical closure of ventricular septal defect in patients less than 1 year of age: a single-center retrospective. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2019;34:335-43.
  • 8. Tweddell JS, Pelech AN, Frommelt PC. Ventricular septal defect and aortic valve regurgitation: pathophysiology and indications for surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2006;9:147-52.
  • 9. Kumari V, Shaikh AS, Zakai SB, Kumar N, Bangash SK, Patel N. Incidence of aortic regurgitation in association with type of ventricular septal defects and its immediate and intermediate outcome after surgical closure. Cureus 2019;11:e5102.
  • 10. Tohyama K, Satomi G, Momma K. Aortic valve prolapse and aortic regurgitation associated with subpulmonic ventricular septal defect. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:1285-9.
  • 11. Karonis T, Scognamiglio G, Babu-Narayan SV, Montanaro C, Uebing A, Diller GP, et al. Clinical course and potential complications of small ventricular septal defects in adulthood: Late development of left ventricular dysfunction justifies lifelong care. Int J Cardiol 2016;208:102-6.
  • 12. Cheung YF, Chiu CS, Yung TC, Chau AK. Impact of preoperative aortic cusp prolapse on longterm outcome after surgical closure of subarterial ventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg 2002;73:622-7.
  • 13. Sim EK, Grignani RT, Wong ML, Quek SC, Wong JC, Yip WC, et al. Outcome of surgical closure of doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defect. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;67:736-8.
  • 14. Tribouilloy C, Grigioni F, Avierinos JF, Barbieri A, Rusinaru D, Szymanski C, et al.; MIDA Investigators. Survival implication of left ventricular end-systolic diameter in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflets a long-term follow-up multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:1961-8.
  • 15. Tribouilloy C, Rusinaru D, Szymanski C, Mezghani S, Fournier A, Levy F, et al. Predicting left ventricular dysfunction after valve repair for mitral regurgitation due to leaflet prolapse: additive value of left ventricular end-systolic dimension to ejection fraction. Eur J Echocardiogr 2011;12:702-10.
  • 16. Klitsie LM, Kuipers IM, Roest AAW, Van der Hulst AE, Stijnen T, Hazekamp MG, et al. Disparity in right vs left ventricular recovery during follow-up after ventricular septal defect correction in children. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013;44:269-74.
  • 17. Cordell D, Graham TP Jr, Atwood GF, Boerth RC, Boucek RJ, Bender HW. Left heart volume characteristics following ventricular septal defect closure in infancy. Circulation 1976;54:294-8.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Orijinal Araştırmalar
Yazarlar

Servet Ergün Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4504-6825

Mustafa Güneş Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0818-9269

Zeynep Kük Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9230-8368

Erkut Öztürk Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1762-3269

İsmihan Onan Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9935-7605

Alper Güzeltaş Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1924-9036

Sertaç Haydin Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4198-212X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Ergün S, Güneş M, Kük Z, Öztürk E, Onan İ, Güzeltaş A, Haydin S. Early and Mid-term Results of Patients Who Underwent Surgical Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect After The Infantile Period. Koşuyolu Heart Journal. 2020;23(1):9-14.