YÜKSEK İRTİFA FİZYOLOJİSİ VE ADAPTASYONUN ASKERÎ FİZİKSEL HAZIR BULUNURLUK SEVİYESİNE ETKİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 1 - 15, 30.06.2019

Murat Erdoğan

Öz

Fiziksel hazır bulunurluk ve askerî fiziksel hazır bulunurluk kavramları muharip personelin meslek yaşamında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Askerî personel görev alanı itibariyle zaman zaman yüksek irtifa olarak kabul edilen 1500 metre üzerinde konuşlanmakta ya da bu yüksekliklerden daha fazla olan rakımlar da geçici görev icra etmektedir. Bu görevler esnasında gerek hücresel gerekse fiziksel düzeyde ortaya çıkan değişiklikler personelin fiziksel efor düzeyini etkilemektedir. Yüksek irtifa operasyonlarının etkili bir şekilde yürütülebilmesi için, yüksek irtifa bölgelerinde uygulanması gereken hareket tarzı ve fiziksel yüklenme eşiklerinin göz önüne alınması faaliyetlerin etkili bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir.

Yüksek irtifa efor seviyesi (yüksekte yaşam, düşük şiddette fiziksel efor) deniz seviyesinde yapılan fiziksel eforla birleştirildiğinde kaslara transfer edilen oksijen miktarını artırarak dayanıklılık (endurans) performansını geliştirmektedir. Performans sporcularının yüksek irtifada 2100–2500 metrede kaldıkları optimal günlük süre 20 saatten fazladır. Bireyler arasında yüksek irtifada yüklenme etkileri farklılık göstermektedir. Beslenme problemleri sonucu kaybedilen kas kütlesinin yetersiz enerji alımından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Demir eksikliği de yüksek irtifada elde edilen kazanımları azaltabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eritropoetin (EPO), hipoksi, yüksek irtifa antrenmanı

Evaluation of the Effects of High Altitude Physiology and Adaptation on Military Physical Readiness Level

Öz

Physical readiness and military physical readiness have an important place in the professional life of military personnel. As of the military personnel’s duty field; personnel are sometimes deployed over 1500 meters, which is considered as high altitude, or carry out temporary tasks at altitudes higher than these heights. During these tasks, changes at the cellular level or the physical level affect the physical exertion level of the staff. For high-altitude operations to be carried out effectively, taking into account the course of action and physical loading thresholds that should be implemented in high-altitude regions is very important considering any operation activities.

High
altitude exposure level (living high, low intensity training) enhances
endurance performance when it is combined with training at sea level by
increasing oxygen transport to muscles. The optimal time for athletes to be
exposed to altitudes of 2100 to 2500 meters is more than 20 hours per day. The
effects of high-altitude loading vary between individuals. Loss of muscle mass
caused by nutritional problems is thought to be resulting from insufficient
energy intake. Iron deficiency can also reduce the benefit of altitude
exposure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erythropoietin (EPO), hypoxia, high altitude training

Kaynakça

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