Analysis of Arctic Security Policies from the Perspective of International Law: The Cases of Russia and the US

Öz

In recent years, with the rise of global warming, ice layer on the North pole has begun to melt with increasing rates. This melting layer has made the marine area more useable and the access to hydrocarbons in the seabed has become easier. Depending on this climatic change, the politics of the countries in this area have also changed significantly. The Arctic region, which hosts perhaps the most challenging living conditions of the world, has become a focal point of the economic and political gains. Therewith, discussions on the international status and sovereignty areas of the region have begun among countries which have been neighbor to this region. Thus, Arctic has turned into an area of conflicting interests among the neighboring countries. This has also caused Russia and the US to challenge the competition conditions. Arctic is also becoming a problematic region on the global scale. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to refer to the International Law. This study analyzes the security policies of the Arctic regions of Russia and United States from the framework of International Law and discusses the political, economic and socio-cultural implications of these policies on the two states.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arctic Region,International Law,Security Policies,Russia,USA

Uluslararası Hukuk Çerçevesinden Arktik Güvenliği Politikalarının Analizi: Rusya ve ABD Örneği

Öz

Son yıllarda artan küresel ısınma ile beraber kuzey kutbunu kaplayan buz tabakası daha fazla erimeye başlamıştır. Eriyen tabaka deniz alanını daha kullanılabilir bir duruma getirmiş ve deniz tabanında yer alan hidrokarbonlara erişim daha kolay hâle gelmiştir. Bu iklimsel değişime bağlı olarak ülkelerin bu alan ile ilgili politikaları da ciddi anlamda değişime uğramıştır. Öyle ki, dünyanın belki de en zorlu yaşam koşullarına ev sahipliği yapan Arktik bölgesi ekonomik ve siyasal kazanımların odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Bölgenin uluslararası statüsü ve egemenlik alanları konusunda tartışmalar baş göstermiştir. Böylece Arktik O’na komşu olan ülkeler arasında çıkarların çatıştığı bir alana dönüşmüştür. Bu durum Rusya ve ABD’nin rekabet koşullarının değişmesine de neden olmuştur. Ayrıca Arktik, küresel ölçekte yaratmış olduğu etkileri ile birlikte düşünüldükçe, giderek sorunlu bir bölgeye dönüşmektedir. Bu sorunların çözümü için ise, uluslararası hukukun esas alınması ihtiyacı doğmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Rusya ve ABD’nin Uluslararası Hukuk çerçevesinden Arktik Bölgesi’ne yönelik güvenlik politikalarını analiz ederek, bu politikaların iki devlet üzerinde ne gibi siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel etkiler ortaya çıkardığını tartışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arktik Bölgesi,Uluslararası Hukuk,Güvenlik Politikaları,Rusya,ABD

Kaynakça

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