Öz
Abstract
Training is one of
the frequently used strategy for introducing change, developing human capital
and improving organizational performances. However, the concern over training
initiatives has been and still is the transfer and use of training content to
the work environment as substantiated by literature from disciplines such as
psychology, education and management. The training transfer (TT) environment
where training is to be used is considered one of the most important
determinant of TT as it either facilitate TT or inhibits it. Therefore, the
trainee’s positive perception of the TT climate has the potential to positively
facilitate their transfer of training content to the work environment and vice
versa. The purpose of this research study was to investigate the trainees’
perception of the factors at the TT environment that facilitated or inhibited
(barriers faced) the transfer of Turkish language learnt from Gazi TÖMER to the
relevant environment. In the process, establishing the support that was
received from the various Human Resource actors at the TT environment in
enhancing the general TT outcomes. This was done with the believe that, the
experience gained from this study would be used in bettering TT initiatives in
underdeveloped African countries where training projects for poverty
alleviation and sensitization of communities on development related concerns
have in most cases failed to bear fruits partly due to TT environmental issues.
In a semi-structured interview process, a total of forty former Gazi TÖMER
foreign students who undertook a Turkish language proficiency training between
the year 2014 and 2015 were individually interviewed. The findings suggested
that, the trainees positively perceived the TT environment leading to the
transfer of Turkish language mainly as a result of the support provided by the
various Human Resource actors at the TT environment. Basing on the aims of the
TÖMER training, there was a reported low transfer of academic Turkish mainly
due to training design problem, trainees’ characteristics and language transfer
requiring time to fully be transferred to the environment.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- References
- Books
- Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice, (Tenth edition). London United Kingdom and Philadelphia, USA: Kogan Page. ISBN 0-7494-4631-5. Broad, L. M., and Newstrom, W. J. (1992). Transfer of Training: Action-Packed Strategies to ensure high pay off from training investments. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Dessler, G. (2013). Human Resource Management (Thirteenth edition). New Jersey: Pearson Education. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-266821-7. Dey, I. (1993). Qualitative Data Analysis: A User-Friendly Guide for Social Scientists. New York USA: Routledge, London and Routledge. ISBN 0-203-41249-4. Laird D. (2003). Approaches to Training and Development (Third Edition). In N. S. Sharon and H. F. Elwood (Eds). New York USA: Basic Books, a member of the Perseus books group, ISBN 9-7382-0698-9. Noe, A. R. (2010). Employee Training and Development (Fifth edition). New York USA: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-353034-5. Patton, Q. M. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (third edition). Sage Publication, London, ISBN 0-7619-1971-6. Senge, M. P. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. ISBN 0-385-26095-4.
- Articles
- Baldwin, T. T. and Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel psychology, 41(1), 63-105. Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T. and Huang, J. L. (2010). Transfer of training: A meta-analytic review. Journal of management, 36(4), 1065-1105. Cheng, W. L. E., and Ho C.K.D. (2001). A review of transfer of training studies in The past decade, Personnel Review, 30 (1), 102-118. Devers, J. K., and Frankel, M. R. (2000). Study Design in Qualitative Research—2: Sampling and Data Collection Strategies. Education for Health, 13 (2), 263–271. Ford, J. K., and Weissbein, A. D. (2007). Transfer of Training: An updated Review and analysis, Performance Improvement Quarterly, 10(2), 22- 41. Foxon, M. (1993). A process approach to the transfer of training, Part 1: The impact of motivation and supervisor support on transfer maintenance. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2). Grossman, R., and Salas, E. (2011). The Transfer of Training: What Really Matter?. International Journal of Training and Development, 15 (2), 103-120. Holton III, F.E., Bates, A.R., Seyler, L. D., and Carvalho, B. M. (1997). Toward Construct Validation of a Transfer Climate Instrument. Human Resources Development Quarterly, 8 (2), 95-113. Hunter-Johnson, Y. O. (2013). When training is not enough: An appeal to the work environment for transfer of training in the Bahamian police force. International Journal of Bahamian Studies, 19(1), 3-14. Khan, I., Mufti, S., and Nazir, A. N. (2015). “Transfer of Training: A Reorganized Review on Work Environment and Motivation to Transfer”, International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning, 4(2), 197–219. Wen, M. L. Y., & Lin, D. Y. C. (2014). How supportive transfer climate affects individual’s motivation to training transfer. International Journal of Learning and Development, 4(1), 83-97. Thesis
- Babkina, M. (2014). Training Transfer Improvement at Organizational Level, A Master’s Thesis, Department of International Business Management, Saima University of Applied Sciences, Lappeenranta. Baharim, B. S. (2008). The Influence of Knowledge Sharing on Motivation to Transfer Training: A Malaysian Public Sector Context. A PhD Thesis, School of Management Faculty of Business and Law Victoria University Melbourne, Australia. Bharti, D. (2007). Factors that Influence Transfer of Hazardous material Training: The perception of selected Fire-Fighter Trainees and Supervisors. A PhD Thesis, Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership in the College of Education at University of Central Florida, Orlando Florida USA. Edwards, J. S. (2013). Factors affecting training transfer in supervisors and hourly Employees in a manufacturing organization. A PhD thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW. Kanu, Y. (2003). Leadership Development Training Transfer: A Case Study Assessment of Exterior Post-Training Factors of a Year Long Leadership Development Program, A Master’s Degree Thesis, the Faculty of Business Administration, Simon Fraser University. Leberman, I. S. (1999). The Transfer of Learning from Classroom to the Work Place: A New Zealand case study. A PhD Thesis, the Victoria University of Wellington. Williams, J. D. (2008). An Analysis of the Factors Affecting Training Transfer within the work Environment, A PhD Thesis, Department of System and Engineering Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright- Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio USA, AFİT/GİR/ENV/08-M25. Internet Sources
- Hosein, N. I. (August, 2016). The Turkish coup: from Russia with love to last Until the great wars. The state of Turkish economic development under the current regime. http://www.imranhosein.org/articles/islam-and- politics/557-the-turkish-coup-for-russia-from-turkey-with-enough-love-to- last-until-the-great-war.html.
Öz
Öz
Eğitim; insan sermayesinin geliştirilmesi,
örgütsel performansın iyileştirilmesi ve değişimi
getirmek için sıklıkla kullanılan stratejilerden birisidir. Bununla birlikte,
eğitim inisiyatiflerinin odaklandığı konu eğitim içeriklerinin iş çevresine
transferi ve kullanımı konusudur. Bu konuda eğitim psikolojisi ve yönetim
disiplinleri alanyazını önemlidir. Eğitimin kullanılacağı eğitim transfer (ET)
çevresi (öğrenme ortamı), ET’nin kolaylaştırıcılığı ya da sınırlayıcılığı
yönüyle en önemli belirleyicilerden birisidir. Eğiticilerin (eğitimde görev
alanların) ET iklimini olumlu algılamaları, eğitim içeriğinin iş çevresine
aktarılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır ancak bunun tersi de mümkündür. Bu
araştırmanın amacı, yabancı (Türkçe eğitimi alan) öğrencilerin Türkçeyi transferinde,
öğrenme ortamında öğrenmeyi engelleyen veya kolaylaştıran faktörleri
(karşılaşılan güçlükleri) nasıl algıladıklarını araştırmaktır. Bu süreçte,
genel ET çıktılarının arttırılmasında ET ortamındaki farklı İnsan Kaynakları
aktörlerinden alınan destek ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu araştırmadan elde edilecek
deneyimler gelişmekte olan Afrika ülkelerindeki eğitim transferi girişimlerinin
iyileştirilebileceği umudunu taşımaktadır. Yoksulluğun azaltılması ve
toplumların gelişmeye ilişkin duyarlılıkları adına eğitim projeleri önemlidir
ancak ET çevresindeki koşullar yüzünden
bazen başarısızlıklar da yaşanmaktadır.2014-2015 yıllarında Gazi TÖMER’de
Türkçe Dil eğitimini tamamlayan 40 yabancı öğrenciyle yarı-yapılandırılmış
görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak bireysel görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular
göstermektedir ki, ET çevresindeki farklı İnsan Kaynakları aktörleri tarafından
sağlanan desteğin bir sonucu olarak temel Türkçe öğreniminin kazanımında olumlu
eğitim transfer çevresi önemli bir unsur olarak algılanmaktadır. TÖMER örneği
ele alındığında katılımcılar, dilin çevrede tam olarak kullanılabilmesi için
dil öğrenim zamanına daha fazla ihtiyaç duyduklarını, katılımcıların
özellikleri açışından eğitim tasarım sorunu olduğu bu nedenle akademik Türkçe
transferinin düşük düzeyde gerçekleştiğini ifade etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- References
- Books
- Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice, (Tenth edition). London United Kingdom and Philadelphia, USA: Kogan Page. ISBN 0-7494-4631-5. Broad, L. M., and Newstrom, W. J. (1992). Transfer of Training: Action-Packed Strategies to ensure high pay off from training investments. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Dessler, G. (2013). Human Resource Management (Thirteenth edition). New Jersey: Pearson Education. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-266821-7. Dey, I. (1993). Qualitative Data Analysis: A User-Friendly Guide for Social Scientists. New York USA: Routledge, London and Routledge. ISBN 0-203-41249-4. Laird D. (2003). Approaches to Training and Development (Third Edition). In N. S. Sharon and H. F. Elwood (Eds). New York USA: Basic Books, a member of the Perseus books group, ISBN 9-7382-0698-9. Noe, A. R. (2010). Employee Training and Development (Fifth edition). New York USA: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-353034-5. Patton, Q. M. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (third edition). Sage Publication, London, ISBN 0-7619-1971-6. Senge, M. P. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. ISBN 0-385-26095-4.
- Articles
- Baldwin, T. T. and Ford, J. K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future research. Personnel psychology, 41(1), 63-105. Blume, B. D., Ford, J. K., Baldwin, T. T. and Huang, J. L. (2010). Transfer of training: A meta-analytic review. Journal of management, 36(4), 1065-1105. Cheng, W. L. E., and Ho C.K.D. (2001). A review of transfer of training studies in The past decade, Personnel Review, 30 (1), 102-118. Devers, J. K., and Frankel, M. R. (2000). Study Design in Qualitative Research—2: Sampling and Data Collection Strategies. Education for Health, 13 (2), 263–271. Ford, J. K., and Weissbein, A. D. (2007). Transfer of Training: An updated Review and analysis, Performance Improvement Quarterly, 10(2), 22- 41. Foxon, M. (1993). A process approach to the transfer of training, Part 1: The impact of motivation and supervisor support on transfer maintenance. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2). Grossman, R., and Salas, E. (2011). The Transfer of Training: What Really Matter?. International Journal of Training and Development, 15 (2), 103-120. Holton III, F.E., Bates, A.R., Seyler, L. D., and Carvalho, B. M. (1997). Toward Construct Validation of a Transfer Climate Instrument. Human Resources Development Quarterly, 8 (2), 95-113. Hunter-Johnson, Y. O. (2013). When training is not enough: An appeal to the work environment for transfer of training in the Bahamian police force. International Journal of Bahamian Studies, 19(1), 3-14. Khan, I., Mufti, S., and Nazir, A. N. (2015). “Transfer of Training: A Reorganized Review on Work Environment and Motivation to Transfer”, International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning, 4(2), 197–219. Wen, M. L. Y., & Lin, D. Y. C. (2014). How supportive transfer climate affects individual’s motivation to training transfer. International Journal of Learning and Development, 4(1), 83-97. Thesis
- Babkina, M. (2014). Training Transfer Improvement at Organizational Level, A Master’s Thesis, Department of International Business Management, Saima University of Applied Sciences, Lappeenranta. Baharim, B. S. (2008). The Influence of Knowledge Sharing on Motivation to Transfer Training: A Malaysian Public Sector Context. A PhD Thesis, School of Management Faculty of Business and Law Victoria University Melbourne, Australia. Bharti, D. (2007). Factors that Influence Transfer of Hazardous material Training: The perception of selected Fire-Fighter Trainees and Supervisors. A PhD Thesis, Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership in the College of Education at University of Central Florida, Orlando Florida USA. Edwards, J. S. (2013). Factors affecting training transfer in supervisors and hourly Employees in a manufacturing organization. A PhD thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW. Kanu, Y. (2003). Leadership Development Training Transfer: A Case Study Assessment of Exterior Post-Training Factors of a Year Long Leadership Development Program, A Master’s Degree Thesis, the Faculty of Business Administration, Simon Fraser University. Leberman, I. S. (1999). The Transfer of Learning from Classroom to the Work Place: A New Zealand case study. A PhD Thesis, the Victoria University of Wellington. Williams, J. D. (2008). An Analysis of the Factors Affecting Training Transfer within the work Environment, A PhD Thesis, Department of System and Engineering Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright- Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio USA, AFİT/GİR/ENV/08-M25. Internet Sources
- Hosein, N. I. (August, 2016). The Turkish coup: from Russia with love to last Until the great wars. The state of Turkish economic development under the current regime. http://www.imranhosein.org/articles/islam-and- politics/557-the-turkish-coup-for-russia-from-turkey-with-enough-love-to- last-until-the-great-war.html.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Mayıs 2018 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 15 Mart 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 |