Australian Military Organization and Formation process of Australian Imperial Force at Pre-World War I (1870-1914)

Öz

Abstract

 

After gold mines were discovered in Australian lands in 1850, Australia, whose economy made much progress with the gold mine discoveries, rejected convict settlers who came from Great Britain in 1868. Thereupon, Great Britain withdrawn a major part of its troops from Australia colony in 1870. So, Australian states which became independent initiated to form its local and idiosyncratic military system. On the other hand, irrational perception of threat not only by Asian countries Japan and China but also by European Imperialist Powers Germany and France in Asia-Pacific are a resulted in need for military security by Great Britain. In this paper, formation processes of Australian military organization at pre-World War I (1870-1914) and Imperial Force are studied. In this context, a brief history of Australia and influence of Australian geopolitics on Australian military organization are evaluated. Construction, institutionalization, alteration and transformation processes of Australian Military under the influence of Great Britain during the time of both pre-federation and post-federation era are investigated. Also, impact of Australian politics elitism on Australian Military System from geostrategic perspective in the context of foreign policy is analyzed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Australian History,Australian Military Organization,Australian Imperial Force,Great Britain,World War I

I.Dünya Savaşı Öncesi Avustralya Askerî Organizasyonu ve Avustralya İmparatorluk Kuvveti’nin Oluşum Süreci (1870-1914)

Öz

Öz

 

Avustralya topraklarında 1850’li yıllarda altın madeninin bulunmasıyla, ekonomik düzeyi iyileşen Avustralya, 1868’de Büyük Britanya’dan gelen son mahkûm yerleşimcileri kabul etmiştir. Bunun üzerine Büyük Britanya, 1870 yılında Avustralya kolonisinden askerî birliklerinin büyük bir kısmını geri çekmiştir. Böylece bağımsız olan Avustralya Eyaletleri, yerel ve kendine has askerî yapısını oluşturmaya girişmiştir. Ancak Asya-Pasifik bölgesinde Avustralya’nın, gerek Almanya ve Fransa gibi Avrupalı emperyalist güçlerin gerekse Japonya ve Çin gibi Asya toplumlarından kaynaklı irrasyonel tehdit algısı, tekrar Büyük Britanya askerî gücüne güvenlik gerekçesiyle ihtiyaç duymasına neden olmuştur. Bu makalede, I.Dünya Savaşı öncesi (1870-1914) Avustralya’nın askerî organizasyonunun ve İmparatorluk Kuvveti’nin oluşum süreci incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda Avustralya’nın kısa tarihi ve Avustralya jeopolitiğinin, Avustralya askerî organizasyona etkisi değerlendirilmiş ve Avustralya’nın federasyon öncesi ve sonrası, Büyük Britanya etkisinde askerî yapılanması, kurumsallaşması, değişim ve dönüşüm safhaları araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca Avustralya siyasi elitizminin jeostratejik açıdan dış politikası bağlamında, Avustralya askerî yapılanmasına tesirleri analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Avustralya Tarihi, Avustralya Askerî Organizasyonu, Avustralya İmparatorluk Kuvveti, Büyük Britanya, I.Dünya Savaşı. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avustralya Tarihi,Avustralya Askerî Organizasyonu,Avustralya İmparatorluk Kuvveti,Büyük Britanya,I.Dünya Savaşı

Kaynakça

1. Kaynakça
2. Kitaplar
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4. Makaleler
5. Fai L.W., “Perceptions of the East – Yellow Peril: An Archive of Anti-Asian Fear”, Irish Times, http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/perceptions- of-the-east-yellow-peril-an-archive-of-anti-asian-fear-1.1895696 (Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2017). Mordike J. (March/April 1991), “The Origins of Australia’s Army: The Imperial and National Priorities”, Australian Defence Force Journal, No.87. Lockhart G., “Race Fear, Dangerous Denial”, https://griffithreview.com/articles/ race-fear-dangerous-denial (Erişim Tarihi: 12.09.2018). http://www.abc. net.au/news/2011-06-17/lockhart--- the-secret-centenary/2761502 (Erişim Tarihi: 14.12.2016). Wilcox C., “Pre-War Military Planning (Australia)”, https://encyclopedia.1914- 1918-online.net/article/pre-war_military_planning_australia (Erişim Tarihi: 26.02.2018).
6. Tezler
7. Bates S. (2013), The Anzac Day Legend: İts Orgins, Meaning, Power and İmpact on Shaping Australia’s İdentity, Master’s of Peace and Conflict Studies Dissertation, University of Sydney, Sydney. Kirişçi A.C. (2011), Nation-Building and Gallipoli: Represantations in Turkish, Australian and New Zealand Literatures, Dissertation Doctor of Philosopfy in English Literature, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul. Mckane B. (2012), Remembering the Great War in the Dominions of British Empire, MA Thesis, Leiden University.
8. Yazarı belli olmayan web sitesi makalesi

9. http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/fisher/in-office.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2017). https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/atwar/first-world-war (Erişim Tarihi:11.01.2018). http://www.iwm.org.uk/history/podcasts/voices-of-the-first-world-war/podcast-3- joining-up (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2017). http://www.ww1propaganda.com/world-war-1-posters/australian-ww1- propaganda-posters (Erişim Tarihi: 19.03.2017). https://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/the-australian-continent (Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2018). http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamenta ry_Library/pubs/rp/rp1415/ComParl (Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2017). http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26350/26350-8.txt (Erişim tarihi: 06.02.2017).
10. Arşiv Belgesi
11. National Australia of Archive (NAA), Naval Defence of Australia: Policy of Fisher Government1909,A6661,1325,https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRet rieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=422426 (Erişim Tarihi: 28.05.2017).
12. Resmi Yayın
13. Kemp J. (1910), Light Horse Manuel (Australia), Government Printer, Melbourne.
14. Gazeteler
15. Braidwood Dispatch and Mining Journal, 19 Kasım 1910. Great Southern Leader, 27 Ocak 1911. Midlands Advertiser, 6 Ocak 1911. Barrier Miner, 24 Temmuz 1911. The Argus, 3 Ağustos 1914.