Population Ecology and Spin-offs

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 37 - 61, 01.06.2013

Oğuz Serhad Habiboğlu

Öz

The purpose of present study is to examine the spin-offs in the context of population ecology which is based on “selection” and “structural inertia”. It is investigated as to how population ecology can account for the spin-offs by resorting to factors other than founding and mortalities of organizations. According to population ecology, organizations with high levels of structural inertia are expected to get more stabilized and robust as they get older. It is observed, however, that there emerges some fluctuation between organization of high inertia and environmental dominance, which paves the way for spin-offs which is the pay-offs of high inertia, due to the loss of equilibrium. It is asserted in this study that organizations positively react to the pressure of selection by spinning off and thus naturally adapts to environment. There has always been an ongoing effort to strike a proper balance between the environment and the organization, while trying to maintain a convenient level of stress caused by the interaction between environmental dominance and structural inertia. It is suggested that organizations that are able to manage this effort successfully will not have to find a niche and resources within the limits of a niche width, will be able to attain a profusion of resources brought about by spin-offs in their habitats by further expanding these supposedly “limited” niches, not partitioning resources. It is concluded that the population ecology falls theoretically short of explaining organizational spin-offs, merges, re-unification with the spin-off organizations, death of some spin-off organizations, or their getting bigger than the parent organizations themselves.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environmental Dominance, Structural Inertia, Equilibrium, Spin-offs

Örgütsel Çevrebilim ve Örgütsel Kopuşlar

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, örgütsel çevrebilim kuramı bağlamında örgütsel kopuşları incelemektir. Temel dayanakları çevresel ayıklama ve yapısal durağanlık olan “örgütsel çevrebilim” kuramının, örgütlerin var olmak ya da yok olmak seçenekleri dışında örgütlerde gerçekleşen “örgütsel kopuş”ları kuramsal olarak nasıl açıklayabileceği araştırılmıştır. Örgütsel Çevrebilim kuramına göre, yapısal durağanlığı yüksek olan örgütler büyüdükçe ve yaşları arttıkça daha düzenli ve güçlü olması gerekirken, yapısal durağanlığı yüksek olan örgütler ile çevrenin baskınlığı arasında bir dalgalanma oluşmakta, örgütün dengesi bozulmakta ve bu durum da yapısal durağanlığın bir bedeli olan örgütsel kopuşlara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada böylece örgütlerin çevrenin ayıklama baskısına karşı örgütsel kopuşlar yoluyla olumlu bir tepki verdiği ve doğal uyumun sağlandığı ileri sürülmektedir. “Çevresel baskınlık – örgütsel durağanlık” arasındaki etkileşimin neden olduğu gerilimi en uygun düzeyde korumak için çevre ile örgüt arasında “dengeye ulaşma” çabası sürekli vardır. Bu çabayı yönetebilen örgütlerin, örgütsel kopuşlar yoluyla bir kesim genişliğinin var olan belirli sınırları içinde kendilerine yer ve kaynak bulmak zorunda kalmayacağı, aksine bu sınırları belirli olduğu iddia edilen kesimleri daha da genişleterek kendi yaşam alanlarında kaynak bölünmesine değil, kaynakların çoğaltılmasını da sağlayabileceği kanısına varılmıştır. Örgütsel çevrebilim kuramının bu bağlamda, örgütsel kopuşları, birleşmeleri, kopan örgütlerin geri alınmasını veya kopan örgütlerin bir kısmının ölmesini, bir kısmının ana örgütten daha da büyümesini kuramsal olarak açıklamakta yetersiz kaldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevresel Baskınlık, Yapısal Katılık, Denge, Örgütsel Kopuşlar

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