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The Impact of Defense Expenses over Inflation in Turkey (1960-2017)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19/1 Sayı: 37, 125 - 157, 04.05.2020

Öz

Since the early ages of history, states have worked to ensure the survival of their country and leave an economically and socially more developed and safer country to future generations. While there is no ratio that cannot be separated from the budget if the permanence of the country is under threat, the state budget does not consist of unlimited resources. States should allocate these limited resources at an optimal level that will increase the economic welfare of the country and not make the state vulnerable to internal and external threats. This need requires a careful consideration of the effects of macroeconomic indicators in the allocation of limited resources from the budget. For this purpose, the relationship between inflation and defense expenditures, which is one of the macroeconomic indicators, is examined in this study. For The impact of defense expenses over inflation in Turkey between 1960-2017 has been analyzed by ARDL bounds test. According to the results of the analysis, a long-term relationship was found between defense spending and inflation. This relation is that a 1% increase in defense expenditures has an effect of increasing inflation by 1.29%. However, this ratio is not statistically significant.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça
  • Kitaplar
  • Aslan, H. (1998). Hizmet Ekonomisi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınevi. Bulutoğlu, K. (1997). Kamu Ekonomisine Giriş. Filiz Kitabevi. Cottey, A., Forster, A., & Edmunds, T. (2002). Democratic Control of the Military in Postcommunist Europe: Guarding the Guards. Palgrave Macmillan. Göktaş, Ö. (2005). Teorik ve Uygulamalı Zaman Serileri Analizi. İstanbul: Beşir Kitabevi. Özmucur, S. (1996). The Economics of Defense and The Peace Dividend in Turkey. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Basımevi. Smith, R. (2009). Military Economics: The Interaction of Power and Money. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Yavuz, C. (2019). Türklerde Savaş, Strateji ve Askerî Kültür. İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • Makaleler
  • Xu, Y., Su, C. W., & Tao, R. (2018). Is Defense Spending Inflationary? Time–frequency Evidence from China. Defence and Peace Economics. Akdoğan Gedik, M. (2008). Kamu Açıklarına İlişkin Maliye Politikası Uyarlamaları ve İktisadi Etkileri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 245-268. Albalate, D., Bel, G., & Elias, F. (2012). Institutional determinants of military spending . Journal of Comparative Economics, 279–290. Ali, H. E. (2011). Military Expenditures and Human Development: Guns and Butter Arguments Revisited: A Case Study from Egypt. Peace Economics Peace Science & Public Policy. Altun, N. (2017). Savunma Harcamaları Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi: Teorik Bir Tartışma. Research Journal Of Politics, Economics And Management, 274. Asiloğulları, M , Ceyhan, M . (2019). OECD Ülkelerinde Savunma Harcamalarının Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi. Kapadokya Akademik Bakış , 3 (1) , 25-49 Barro, R. J. (1987). Government spending, interest rates, prices and budget deficits in the United Kingdom. Journal of Monetary Economics, 221–247. Barro, R. (1991). Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics. Batchelor, P., Dunne, J. P., & Saal, D. S. (2000). Military Spending And Economic Growth In South Africa. Defence And Peace Economics, 553-571 Bekmez, S., & Destek, M. A. (2015). Savunma Harcamalarında Dışlama Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Panel Veri Analizi. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 93-96 Boulding, K. E. (1979). The War Industry. Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, 91-100. doi:10.2307/1174077. Bove, V., & Nisticò, R. (2014). Military in politics and budgetary allocations. Journal of Comparative Economics, 1065-1078. Brzoska, M. (1995). World Military Expenditures. I. K. Hartley, & K. Sandler içinde, Handbook of Defense Economics , 46-49. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B. V. Calleo, D. P. (1981). Inflation and American Power. Foreign Affairs, 781–812. Capra, J. R. (1981). The National Defense Budget and Its Economic Effects . Federal Reserve Bank of New York Quarter Review, 21-31. Carter, J., & Palmer, G. (2015). Keeping the Schools Open While the Troops Are Away: Regime Type, Interstate War, and Government Spending. International Studies Quarterly, 145–157. Chowdhury, A. R. (1991). A Casual Analysis of Defense Spending and Economic Growth. The Journal of Conflict Resolution. Cuaresma, J. C., & Reitschuler, G. (2004). A Non-linear Defence-growth Nexus? Evidence from the US Economy. Defence and Peace Economics, 71–82. Deger, S., & Sen, S. (2007). Military Expenditure and Developing Countries. T. Sandler, & K. Hartley içinde, Handbook of Defense Economics, 607-621. Elsevier Science. Deger, S., & Sen, S. (1995). Military Expenditure and Developing Countries. T. Sandler, & K. Hartley içinde, Handbook of Defense Economics I, 275-307. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. Deger, S., & Smith, R. (1983). Military expenditure and growth in less developed countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 335–353. DeRouen, K., & Heo, U. (2000). Defense Contracting and Domnestic Politics. Political Research Quarterly, 753–769. Dunne, J. P., & Perlo Freeman, S. (2003). The demand for military spending in developing countries: A dynamic panel analysis. Defence and Peace Economics , 461-474. Eshag, E. (1983). Fiscal And Monetary Policies And Problems In Developing Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fordham, B. O. (2003). The Political and Economic Sources of Inflation in the American Military Budget. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 574–593. Frimpong, J., & Oteng-Abayie, E. (2006). Bounds Testing Approach: An Examination of Foreign Direct Investment, Trade, and Growth Relationships. MPRA Paper 352 University Library of Munich, 14. Galvin, H. (2003). The Impact Of Defence Spending On The Economic Growth Of Developing Countries: A Cross-Section Study. Defence And Peace Economics, 51-59. Gerace, M. P. (2002). US Military Expenditures and Economic Growth: Some Evidence from Spectral Methods. Defence and Peace Economics, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690210966 adresinden alındı. Griffin, L. J., Devine, J. A., & Wallace, M. (1982). Monopoly Capital, Organized Labor, and Military Expenditures in the United States, 1949–1976.”. American Journal of Sociology. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3083241 adresinden alındı Giray, F. (2004). Savunma Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 181-199. Griffin, L. J., Devine, J. A., & Wallace, M. (1982). Monopoly Capital, Organized Labor, and Military Expenditures in the United States, 1949–1976.”. American Journal of Sociology. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3083241 adresinden alındı Goldsmith, B. (2003). Bearing the Defense Burden, 1886-1989: Why Spend More? Journal Of Conflict Resolution, 551-573. Heo, U. (2009). The Relationship between Defense Spending and Economic Growth in the United States. Political Research Quarterly, 760-770. Heo, U., & Bohte, J. (2012). Who Pays for National Defense? Financing Defense Programs in the United States. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 413–438. Hewitt, D. (1992). Military expenditures worldwide: determinants and trends 1972-1988. Journal of Public Policy, 105–152. Hou, N., & Chen, B. (2013). Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Evidence from System GMM Estimates. Defence and Peace Economics, 183-193. Jacobsen, K. (1992). Microchips and Public Policy-the Political Economy of High Technology. British Journal of Political Science, 497–519. Karakurt, B., Şentürk, S. H., & Şahingöz, B. (2018). Türkiye’de Savunma Harcamalarının Enflasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi: Yapısal Kırılmalı Eşbütünleşme Analiz. Maliye Dergisi, 154-170. Kollias, C., & Paleologou, S. M. (2013). Guns, Highways and Economic Growth in the United States. Economic Modelling, 449-455. Korkmaz, S. (2015). The Effect Of Military Spending On Economic Growth And Unemployment In Mediterranean Countries. International Journal Of Economics And Financial Issues, 273- 280. Krugman, P. (2005). Is Fiscal Policy Poised for a Comeback? Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 515-523. Kuo, K. C., Chang, C. Y., & Lin., W. C. (2013). To Predict Military Spending in China Based on Arima and Artificial Neural Networks Models. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, 176–181. Liff, A. P., & Ericson, A. S. (2013). Demystifying China's Defence Spending: Less Mysterious in the Aggregate. Cambridge University Press, 805-830. Lin, H. P., Wang, T. L., & Yang, C. L. (2016). Further Causality Evidence on Arms Race, Inflation and Economic Growth. Economic Computation & Economic Cybernetics Studies & Research, 123–137. Looney, R. E. (1991, Eylül). A Post-Keynesian Analysis of Third World Military Expenditures. California, USA: Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive. Looney, R. E. (1995). The Economics of Third World Defense Expenditures. Greenwich: JAI Press. MacDonald, B. S. (1997). Military Spending In Developing Countries: How Much Is Too Much? Carleton University Press. Melman, S. (1978). Inflation and Unemployment as Products of War Economy the Trade Union Stake in Economic Conversion and Industrial Reconstruction. Security Dialogue, 359–374. Melman, S. (1985). The Permanent War Economy: American Capitalism in Decline. New York: Simon and Schuster. Nordhaus , W., Oneal, J. R., & Russett, B. (2012). The Effects of the International Security Environment on National Military Expenditures: A Multicountry Study. International Organization, 491-513. Özsoy, O. (2008), “Defence Spending and the Macroeconomy: The Case of Turkey”, Defence and Peace Economics, 19(3), 195-208. Özsoy, O. ve İpek, E. (2010), “The Relationship between Defense Spending and Macroeconomic Variables”, International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 2(1), 103-111. Payne, J. E. (1990). Granger Causality between Inflation and Defense Spending: An Empirical Note. Kentucky Journal of Economics and Business, 38-41. Persson, T., Roland, G., & Tabellini, G. (2000). Comparative Politics and Public Finance. Journal of Political Economy , 1121–1161. Persson, T., Roland, G., & Tabellini, G. (2007). Electoral Rules and Government Spending in Parliamentary Democracies. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 155-188. Poole, E., & Bernard, J. T. (1992). Defence Innovation Stock and Total Factor Productivity. The Canadian Journal Of Economics, 25(2), 440. Rockoff, H. (2015). War and Inflation in the United States from the Revolution to the First Iraq War. National Bureau of Economic Research. Sánchez, J. J., & Jiménez-Martín, J. Á. (2014). Guns, Economic Growth and Education during the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: Was Spain Different? Documentos De Trabajo (ICAE), 1-26. Starr, H., Hoole, F. W., Hart, J. A., & Freeman, J. R. (1984). The Relationship between Defense Spending and Inflation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 103–122. Tzeng, S. J., Lai, C. C., & Huang, C. C. (2008). Does Military Expenditure Matter for Inflation and Economic Growth? Defence & Peace Economics, 471–478. Işık, A. D. (1997). Türk Savunma Sanayinde Yerli Katkı ve Sınai Entegrasyon. Savunma Sanayindeki Teknolojik Gelişmeler Sempozyumu (s. 259). Ankara: DİE. İpek, E. (2014), “Savunma Harcamalarının Seçilmiş Makroekonomik Değişkenler Üzerine Etkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 113-125.
  • Yayımlanmamış Çalışmalar
  • Demir, A. (2011). Türkiye'de İl Bazında Sivil ve Askerî Savunma Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 6. Afyonkarahisar. Esgin, Y. (2010). Savunma Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Gelişme Arasındaki İlişki: Silah İhracatçısı ve İthalatçısı Ülkeler için Panel Veri Yöntemi ile Bir Analiz. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Günana, T. (2004), The Relationship between Defense Spending and Inflation: An Emprical Analysis for Turkey, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, The Department of Management Bilkent University. Zengin, R. (2010). Savunma Sanayinin Gelişimi ve Türkiye’de Savunma Harcamalarının Ekonomik Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Web Sitesi
  • NATO. (2018). NATO Press Release. Retrieved from www.nato.int TDK. (2018). www.tdk.gov.tr: http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_ bts&view=bts&kategori1=veritbn&kelimesec=275403 adresinden alındı. NATO. (2017, Haziran 29). Information on defence expenditures. https://www.nato.int adresinden alındı.

Türkiye’de Savunma Harcamalarının Enflasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi (1960-2017)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 19/1 Sayı: 37, 125 - 157, 04.05.2020

Öz

Tarihin ilk çağlarından beri devletler, ülkelerinin bekası ve gelecek nesillere ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan daha gelişmiş ve güvenli bir yurt bırakabilmek için emek harcamışlardır. Ülkenin geleceği söz konusuyken ayrılmayacak kaynak olmamakla beraber bu kaynakların sınırsız olmaması ülkelerin karar verme sürecinde göz önünde bulundurmak zorunda oldukları bir gerçektir. Devletler bu kısıtlı kaynakları ülkenin ekonomik refahını artıracak, devleti de iç ve dış tehditlere karşı kırılgan bir hale sokmayacak optimal bir düzeyde pay etmelidir. Bu ihtiyaç sınırlı kaynakların bütçeden tahsisinde makroekonomik göstergelerin etkilerini dikkate almayı gerektirmektedir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada makroekonomik göstergelerden enflasyon ile savunma harcamaları ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Savunma harcamalarının enflasyon üzerindeki etkisi Türkiye için 1960-2017 dönemini kapsayacak şekilde ARDL sınır testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre birinci farkında durağanlaştırılan savunma harcaması ve enflasyon arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkiye rastlanmıştır. Bu ilişki savunma harcamalarında meydana gelebilecek %1’lik bir artışın enflasyonu %1,29 artırıcı bir etkisi olduğu şeklindedir. Fakat bu oran istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynakça
  • Kitaplar
  • Aslan, H. (1998). Hizmet Ekonomisi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınevi. Bulutoğlu, K. (1997). Kamu Ekonomisine Giriş. Filiz Kitabevi. Cottey, A., Forster, A., & Edmunds, T. (2002). Democratic Control of the Military in Postcommunist Europe: Guarding the Guards. Palgrave Macmillan. Göktaş, Ö. (2005). Teorik ve Uygulamalı Zaman Serileri Analizi. İstanbul: Beşir Kitabevi. Özmucur, S. (1996). The Economics of Defense and The Peace Dividend in Turkey. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Basımevi. Smith, R. (2009). Military Economics: The Interaction of Power and Money. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Yavuz, C. (2019). Türklerde Savaş, Strateji ve Askerî Kültür. İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • Makaleler
  • Xu, Y., Su, C. W., & Tao, R. (2018). Is Defense Spending Inflationary? Time–frequency Evidence from China. Defence and Peace Economics. Akdoğan Gedik, M. (2008). Kamu Açıklarına İlişkin Maliye Politikası Uyarlamaları ve İktisadi Etkileri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 245-268. Albalate, D., Bel, G., & Elias, F. (2012). Institutional determinants of military spending . Journal of Comparative Economics, 279–290. Ali, H. E. (2011). Military Expenditures and Human Development: Guns and Butter Arguments Revisited: A Case Study from Egypt. Peace Economics Peace Science & Public Policy. Altun, N. (2017). Savunma Harcamaları Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi: Teorik Bir Tartışma. Research Journal Of Politics, Economics And Management, 274. Asiloğulları, M , Ceyhan, M . (2019). OECD Ülkelerinde Savunma Harcamalarının Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi. Kapadokya Akademik Bakış , 3 (1) , 25-49 Barro, R. J. (1987). Government spending, interest rates, prices and budget deficits in the United Kingdom. Journal of Monetary Economics, 221–247. Barro, R. (1991). Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries. Quarterly Journal of Economics. Batchelor, P., Dunne, J. P., & Saal, D. S. (2000). Military Spending And Economic Growth In South Africa. Defence And Peace Economics, 553-571 Bekmez, S., & Destek, M. A. (2015). Savunma Harcamalarında Dışlama Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Panel Veri Analizi. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 93-96 Boulding, K. E. (1979). The War Industry. Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, 91-100. doi:10.2307/1174077. Bove, V., & Nisticò, R. (2014). Military in politics and budgetary allocations. Journal of Comparative Economics, 1065-1078. Brzoska, M. (1995). World Military Expenditures. I. K. Hartley, & K. Sandler içinde, Handbook of Defense Economics , 46-49. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B. V. Calleo, D. P. (1981). Inflation and American Power. Foreign Affairs, 781–812. Capra, J. R. (1981). The National Defense Budget and Its Economic Effects . Federal Reserve Bank of New York Quarter Review, 21-31. Carter, J., & Palmer, G. (2015). Keeping the Schools Open While the Troops Are Away: Regime Type, Interstate War, and Government Spending. International Studies Quarterly, 145–157. Chowdhury, A. R. (1991). A Casual Analysis of Defense Spending and Economic Growth. The Journal of Conflict Resolution. Cuaresma, J. C., & Reitschuler, G. (2004). A Non-linear Defence-growth Nexus? Evidence from the US Economy. Defence and Peace Economics, 71–82. Deger, S., & Sen, S. (2007). Military Expenditure and Developing Countries. T. Sandler, & K. Hartley içinde, Handbook of Defense Economics, 607-621. Elsevier Science. Deger, S., & Sen, S. (1995). Military Expenditure and Developing Countries. T. Sandler, & K. Hartley içinde, Handbook of Defense Economics I, 275-307. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. Deger, S., & Smith, R. (1983). Military expenditure and growth in less developed countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 335–353. DeRouen, K., & Heo, U. (2000). Defense Contracting and Domnestic Politics. Political Research Quarterly, 753–769. Dunne, J. P., & Perlo Freeman, S. (2003). The demand for military spending in developing countries: A dynamic panel analysis. Defence and Peace Economics , 461-474. Eshag, E. (1983). Fiscal And Monetary Policies And Problems In Developing Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fordham, B. O. (2003). The Political and Economic Sources of Inflation in the American Military Budget. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 574–593. Frimpong, J., & Oteng-Abayie, E. (2006). Bounds Testing Approach: An Examination of Foreign Direct Investment, Trade, and Growth Relationships. MPRA Paper 352 University Library of Munich, 14. Galvin, H. (2003). The Impact Of Defence Spending On The Economic Growth Of Developing Countries: A Cross-Section Study. Defence And Peace Economics, 51-59. Gerace, M. P. (2002). US Military Expenditures and Economic Growth: Some Evidence from Spectral Methods. Defence and Peace Economics, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690210966 adresinden alındı. Griffin, L. J., Devine, J. A., & Wallace, M. (1982). Monopoly Capital, Organized Labor, and Military Expenditures in the United States, 1949–1976.”. American Journal of Sociology. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3083241 adresinden alındı Giray, F. (2004). Savunma Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 181-199. Griffin, L. J., Devine, J. A., & Wallace, M. (1982). Monopoly Capital, Organized Labor, and Military Expenditures in the United States, 1949–1976.”. American Journal of Sociology. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3083241 adresinden alındı Goldsmith, B. (2003). Bearing the Defense Burden, 1886-1989: Why Spend More? Journal Of Conflict Resolution, 551-573. Heo, U. (2009). The Relationship between Defense Spending and Economic Growth in the United States. Political Research Quarterly, 760-770. Heo, U., & Bohte, J. (2012). Who Pays for National Defense? Financing Defense Programs in the United States. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 413–438. Hewitt, D. (1992). Military expenditures worldwide: determinants and trends 1972-1988. Journal of Public Policy, 105–152. Hou, N., & Chen, B. (2013). Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Evidence from System GMM Estimates. Defence and Peace Economics, 183-193. Jacobsen, K. (1992). Microchips and Public Policy-the Political Economy of High Technology. British Journal of Political Science, 497–519. Karakurt, B., Şentürk, S. H., & Şahingöz, B. (2018). Türkiye’de Savunma Harcamalarının Enflasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi: Yapısal Kırılmalı Eşbütünleşme Analiz. Maliye Dergisi, 154-170. Kollias, C., & Paleologou, S. M. (2013). Guns, Highways and Economic Growth in the United States. Economic Modelling, 449-455. Korkmaz, S. (2015). The Effect Of Military Spending On Economic Growth And Unemployment In Mediterranean Countries. International Journal Of Economics And Financial Issues, 273- 280. Krugman, P. (2005). Is Fiscal Policy Poised for a Comeback? Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 515-523. Kuo, K. C., Chang, C. Y., & Lin., W. C. (2013). To Predict Military Spending in China Based on Arima and Artificial Neural Networks Models. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, 176–181. Liff, A. P., & Ericson, A. S. (2013). Demystifying China's Defence Spending: Less Mysterious in the Aggregate. Cambridge University Press, 805-830. Lin, H. P., Wang, T. L., & Yang, C. L. (2016). Further Causality Evidence on Arms Race, Inflation and Economic Growth. Economic Computation & Economic Cybernetics Studies & Research, 123–137. Looney, R. E. (1991, Eylül). A Post-Keynesian Analysis of Third World Military Expenditures. California, USA: Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive. Looney, R. E. (1995). The Economics of Third World Defense Expenditures. Greenwich: JAI Press. MacDonald, B. S. (1997). Military Spending In Developing Countries: How Much Is Too Much? Carleton University Press. Melman, S. (1978). Inflation and Unemployment as Products of War Economy the Trade Union Stake in Economic Conversion and Industrial Reconstruction. Security Dialogue, 359–374. Melman, S. (1985). The Permanent War Economy: American Capitalism in Decline. New York: Simon and Schuster. Nordhaus , W., Oneal, J. R., & Russett, B. (2012). The Effects of the International Security Environment on National Military Expenditures: A Multicountry Study. International Organization, 491-513. Özsoy, O. (2008), “Defence Spending and the Macroeconomy: The Case of Turkey”, Defence and Peace Economics, 19(3), 195-208. Özsoy, O. ve İpek, E. (2010), “The Relationship between Defense Spending and Macroeconomic Variables”, International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 2(1), 103-111. Payne, J. E. (1990). Granger Causality between Inflation and Defense Spending: An Empirical Note. Kentucky Journal of Economics and Business, 38-41. Persson, T., Roland, G., & Tabellini, G. (2000). Comparative Politics and Public Finance. Journal of Political Economy , 1121–1161. Persson, T., Roland, G., & Tabellini, G. (2007). Electoral Rules and Government Spending in Parliamentary Democracies. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 155-188. Poole, E., & Bernard, J. T. (1992). Defence Innovation Stock and Total Factor Productivity. The Canadian Journal Of Economics, 25(2), 440. Rockoff, H. (2015). War and Inflation in the United States from the Revolution to the First Iraq War. National Bureau of Economic Research. Sánchez, J. J., & Jiménez-Martín, J. Á. (2014). Guns, Economic Growth and Education during the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: Was Spain Different? Documentos De Trabajo (ICAE), 1-26. Starr, H., Hoole, F. W., Hart, J. A., & Freeman, J. R. (1984). The Relationship between Defense Spending and Inflation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 103–122. Tzeng, S. J., Lai, C. C., & Huang, C. C. (2008). Does Military Expenditure Matter for Inflation and Economic Growth? Defence & Peace Economics, 471–478. Işık, A. D. (1997). Türk Savunma Sanayinde Yerli Katkı ve Sınai Entegrasyon. Savunma Sanayindeki Teknolojik Gelişmeler Sempozyumu (s. 259). Ankara: DİE. İpek, E. (2014), “Savunma Harcamalarının Seçilmiş Makroekonomik Değişkenler Üzerine Etkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 113-125.
  • Yayımlanmamış Çalışmalar
  • Demir, A. (2011). Türkiye'de İl Bazında Sivil ve Askerî Savunma Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 6. Afyonkarahisar. Esgin, Y. (2010). Savunma Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Gelişme Arasındaki İlişki: Silah İhracatçısı ve İthalatçısı Ülkeler için Panel Veri Yöntemi ile Bir Analiz. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Günana, T. (2004), The Relationship between Defense Spending and Inflation: An Emprical Analysis for Turkey, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, The Department of Management Bilkent University. Zengin, R. (2010). Savunma Sanayinin Gelişimi ve Türkiye’de Savunma Harcamalarının Ekonomik Etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Web Sitesi
  • NATO. (2018). NATO Press Release. Retrieved from www.nato.int TDK. (2018). www.tdk.gov.tr: http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_ bts&view=bts&kategori1=veritbn&kelimesec=275403 adresinden alındı. NATO. (2017, Haziran 29). Information on defence expenditures. https://www.nato.int adresinden alındı.
Toplam 9 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Merve Asiloğulları 0000-0001-7522-0911

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Mayıs 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Kasım 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 19/1 Sayı: 37

Kaynak Göster

IEEE M. Asiloğulları, “Türkiye’de Savunma Harcamalarının Enflasyon Üzerindeki Etkisi (1960-2017)”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 19/1, sy. 37, ss. 125–157, 2020.