Araştırma Makalesi
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Afrika’da Çatışma Yönetiminde Afrika Birliği ile Avrupa Birliği Arasındaki Stratejik Güvenlik Katılımı: Zorluklar

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 41, 227 - 259, 09.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.17134/khosbd.1101701

Öz

Bu makale, Afrika kıtasının karşı karşıya olduğu çatışma ve diğer karmaşık güvenlik tehditleriyle ilgili zorlukların ele alınmasında Afrika Birliği (AfB) ile Avrupa Birliği (AB) arasındaki stratejik güvenlik katılımının eleştirel bir analizini incelemek için açıklayıcı analiz ve kapsamlı masa başı incelemesini içeren nitel bir araştırma yaklaşımı kullanmaktadır. Makalenin bulguları ve sonuçları, AB güvenlik katılımının daha geniş bir AfB güvenlik çerçevesini desteklemesine rağmen, kıtanın karşı karşıya olduğu çeşitli karmaşık güvenlik tehditlerini ele almada seçici finansman, fonların dağıtılması ve kullanımında hesap sorulmaması, haddinden fazla aşırı güven ve AfB’ye dış aktörlere bağımlılık gibi zorlukların hala mevcut olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, bu eksikliğin ve zorluğun ele alınması, asimetrik ve çok boyutlu bir işbirliği ve bu iki aktör arasındaki tepkilerin süreci verimli bir etki için yönlendirmesini gerektirir.

Kaynakça

  • Akonor, K. (2016). UN Peacekeeping in Africa: A critical examination and recommendations for improvement. Switzerland: Springer.
  • Badmus, I. (2015). The African Union’s role in peacekeeping: building on lessons learned from security operations. New York: Springer.
  • Berman, E. G., and Sams, K. E. (2000). Peacekeeping in Africa: Capabilities and culpabilities. Geneva and Pretoria: UNIDIR and ISS.
  • Besada, H. (Ed.). (2010). Crafting an African Security Architecture: addressing regional peace and conflict in the 21st century. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
  • Bogland, K., Egnell, R., and Lagerström, M. (2008). The African Union: A study focusing on conflict management. Defence Analysis, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI).
  • Bossong, R. (2012). The evolution of EU counter-terrorism: European security policy after 9/11. Routledge.
  • Carbone, M. (2016). European Union in Africa. UK: Manchester University Press.
  • Chappell, L., Mawdsley, J., and Petrov, P. (Eds.). (2016). The EU, strategy and security policy: regional and strategic challenges. Routledge.
  • Collins, A. (2013). Building a people-oriented security community the ASEAN way. Routledge.
  • Dannreuther, R. (Ed.). (2004). European Union foreign and security policy: towards a neighbourhood strategy. Psychology Press.
  • European Union Committee. (2006). The EU and Africa: towards a strategic partnership (Vol. I report). 34th Report of EU–Africa Partnership. London: The Stationery Office Limited.
  • Klaas, B. (2019). Political Exclusion in Africa. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
  • Koenig, N. (2016). EU security policy and crisis management: a quest for coherence. Routledge.
  • Koops, J. A. (2011). The European Union as an integrative power: Assessing the EU’s “effective multilateralism” towards NATO and the United Nations (Vol. 16). Asp/Vubpress/Upa.
  • Kotsopoulos, J. (2007). The EU and Africa: coming together at last?. EPC Policy Brief, (July 2007).
  • Makinda, S. M., Okumu, F. W., and Mickler, D. (2015). The African Union: Addressing the challenges of peace, security, and governance. United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Mattern, J. B. (2005). Ordering international politics: Identity, crisis, and representational force. Psychology Press.
  • Merlingen, M. (2012). EU security policy: what it is, how it works, why it matters. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Miranda, V. V., Pirozzi, N., and Schäfer, K. (2012). Towards a stronger Africa-EU cooperation on peace and security: The role of African regional organizations and civil society. Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI).
  • Neumann, I. B., & Sending, O. J. (2010). Governing the global polity: Practice, mentality, rationality. University of Michigan Press.
  • Nugent, N. (2017). The government and politics of the European Union. London: Palgrave.
  • Nye, J. S. (1999). Understanding international conflicts. New York: Longman.
  • Pirozzi, N. (2009). EU support to African security architecture: funding and training components (Vol. 76). France: EU Institute for Security Studies.
  • Pyman, M. (2013). Corruption & peacekeeping: Strengthening peacekeeping and the United Nations. Transparency International UK.
  • Solomon, H. (2015). Terrorism and counter-terrorism in Africa: fighting insurgency from Al Shabaab, Ansar Dine and Boko Haram New York: Springer.
  • Tardy, T. (2016). The EU and Africa: A changing security partnership. European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS).
  • Tonra, B., and Christiansen, T. (Eds.). (2004). Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy. Great Britain: Manchester University Press.
  • Wagnsson, C., Sperling, J., and Hallenberg, J. (Eds.). (2009). European security governance: The European Union in a Westphalian world. New York: Routledge.
  • Williams, P. D. (2013). Peace operations in Africa: Lessons learned since 2000. Washington, DC: Africa Center for Strategic Studies.
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The Strategic Security Engagement between the African Union and the European Union in Conflict Management in Africa: The Challenges

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 41, 227 - 259, 09.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.17134/khosbd.1101701

Öz

This article uses a qualitative research approach comprising of descriptive analysis and extensive desk review to carry out a critical analysis of the strategic security engagement between the African Union (AU) and the European Union (EU) in addressing the challenges associated with conflict and other complex security threats facing the African continent. The findings and conclusions of the article suggest that; although the EU security engagement supports the broader AU security framework, challenges such as selective funding, non-accountability in the disbursement and utilization of funds, excessive over-reliance, and dependence of the AU on external actors in addressing the various complex security threats facing the continent still exist. Therefore, addressing these challenges will require a symmetric and multidimensional cooperation and responses between these two actors driving the process for efficient impact.

Kaynakça

  • Akonor, K. (2016). UN Peacekeeping in Africa: A critical examination and recommendations for improvement. Switzerland: Springer.
  • Badmus, I. (2015). The African Union’s role in peacekeeping: building on lessons learned from security operations. New York: Springer.
  • Berman, E. G., and Sams, K. E. (2000). Peacekeeping in Africa: Capabilities and culpabilities. Geneva and Pretoria: UNIDIR and ISS.
  • Besada, H. (Ed.). (2010). Crafting an African Security Architecture: addressing regional peace and conflict in the 21st century. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
  • Bogland, K., Egnell, R., and Lagerström, M. (2008). The African Union: A study focusing on conflict management. Defence Analysis, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI).
  • Bossong, R. (2012). The evolution of EU counter-terrorism: European security policy after 9/11. Routledge.
  • Carbone, M. (2016). European Union in Africa. UK: Manchester University Press.
  • Chappell, L., Mawdsley, J., and Petrov, P. (Eds.). (2016). The EU, strategy and security policy: regional and strategic challenges. Routledge.
  • Collins, A. (2013). Building a people-oriented security community the ASEAN way. Routledge.
  • Dannreuther, R. (Ed.). (2004). European Union foreign and security policy: towards a neighbourhood strategy. Psychology Press.
  • European Union Committee. (2006). The EU and Africa: towards a strategic partnership (Vol. I report). 34th Report of EU–Africa Partnership. London: The Stationery Office Limited.
  • Klaas, B. (2019). Political Exclusion in Africa. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
  • Koenig, N. (2016). EU security policy and crisis management: a quest for coherence. Routledge.
  • Koops, J. A. (2011). The European Union as an integrative power: Assessing the EU’s “effective multilateralism” towards NATO and the United Nations (Vol. 16). Asp/Vubpress/Upa.
  • Kotsopoulos, J. (2007). The EU and Africa: coming together at last?. EPC Policy Brief, (July 2007).
  • Makinda, S. M., Okumu, F. W., and Mickler, D. (2015). The African Union: Addressing the challenges of peace, security, and governance. United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Mattern, J. B. (2005). Ordering international politics: Identity, crisis, and representational force. Psychology Press.
  • Merlingen, M. (2012). EU security policy: what it is, how it works, why it matters. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Miranda, V. V., Pirozzi, N., and Schäfer, K. (2012). Towards a stronger Africa-EU cooperation on peace and security: The role of African regional organizations and civil society. Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI).
  • Neumann, I. B., & Sending, O. J. (2010). Governing the global polity: Practice, mentality, rationality. University of Michigan Press.
  • Nugent, N. (2017). The government and politics of the European Union. London: Palgrave.
  • Nye, J. S. (1999). Understanding international conflicts. New York: Longman.
  • Pirozzi, N. (2009). EU support to African security architecture: funding and training components (Vol. 76). France: EU Institute for Security Studies.
  • Pyman, M. (2013). Corruption & peacekeeping: Strengthening peacekeeping and the United Nations. Transparency International UK.
  • Solomon, H. (2015). Terrorism and counter-terrorism in Africa: fighting insurgency from Al Shabaab, Ansar Dine and Boko Haram New York: Springer.
  • Tardy, T. (2016). The EU and Africa: A changing security partnership. European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS).
  • Tonra, B., and Christiansen, T. (Eds.). (2004). Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy. Great Britain: Manchester University Press.
  • Wagnsson, C., Sperling, J., and Hallenberg, J. (Eds.). (2009). European security governance: The European Union in a Westphalian world. New York: Routledge.
  • Williams, P. D. (2013). Peace operations in Africa: Lessons learned since 2000. Washington, DC: Africa Center for Strategic Studies.
  • Wodak, R., Khosravinik, M., and Mral, B. (Eds.). (2013). Right-wing populism in Europe: Politics and discourse. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Bøås, M., and Dunn, K. C. (Eds.). (2007). African guerrillas: Raging against the machine (pp. 1-38). Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
  • Dersso, S. (2013). The African peace and security architecture. In Handbook of Africa’s international relations (pp. 51-61). Routledge.
  • Francis, D. J. (2008). Introduction: Understanding the context of peace and conflict in Africa. In D. Francis (Ed.), Peace and conflict in Africa (pp. 3-15). London: Zed Books.
  • Munemo, D. (2016). Coloniality and the challenges to African solutions to African conflict problems. In M. Muchie, V. Gumede, S. Oloruntoba, and N. A. Check (Eds.), Regenerating Africa: Bringing African solutions to African problems (pp. 138-151). South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa. doi:10.2307/j.ctvh8r2t1
  • Nathan, L. (2009). The challenges facing mediation in Africa. Paper for the Africa’s Mediators’ Retreat 2009 (pp. 15-22). Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Porto, J. G. (2008). The mainstreaming of conflict analysis in Africa: contributions from theory. In D. Francis (Ed.), Peace and Conflict in Africa (pp. 46-67). London: Zed .
  • Schmidt, S. (2016). Through the lens of European integration theory: African peace and security architecture as a framework in transition. In H. Besada (Ed.), Crafting an African security architecture, (pp. 41-62). United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Young, C. (2002). Contextualizing Congo conflicts order and disorder in postcolonial Africa. In The African Stakes of the Congo War (pp. 13-31). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
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  • European Union Commission. (2017b). EU Statement on Multi-National Joint Task Force against Boko Haram (September 2017), Retrieved January 22, 2019, from https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/news-and-events/eu-statement-multi-national-joint-task-force-against-boko-haram_en.
  • European Union Commission. (2018). African Peace Facility A tangible commitment to peace and security in Africa, Retrieved January 19, 2019, from https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/sites/devco/files/apf_brochure_final.pdf.
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  • European Union. (2018a). African Union - European Union relations: joint consultative meeting on peace and security, Retrieved March 27, 2019, from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/10/23/african-union-european-union-relations-joint-consultative-meeting-on-peace-and- security/.
  • European Union. (2018b). EU actions to counter Da’esh (External Action Service). Retrieved January 21, 2019, from, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/ headquarters-Homepage/23264/eu-actions-counter-da%E2%80%99esh_en.
  • European Union. (2018c). The African Peace and Security Architecture: need to refocus EU support (Special Report No. 20). Retrieved January 28, 2019, from, https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/apsa-20-2018/en/.
  • Gidda, M. (2017, May 19). Boko Haram is Growing Stronger in Nigeria Thanks to Corruption in the Military. Newsweek. Retrieved from, https://www.newsweek.com/nigeria-defense-spending-corruption-boko-haram-611685.
  • ICG. (2017). Time to Reset African Union-European Union Relations (International Crises Group Report. No. 255). Retrieved February 19, 2019, from, https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/255-time-reset-african-union-european-union-relations.
  • Nigeria officials ‘stole $15bn’ from anti-Boko Haram fight. BBC News. (2016, May 3). Retrieved December 24, 2020, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36192390.
  • Ukpong, C. (2017, May 18). Nigeria’s Political Elites Hid behind military to steal billions of dollars – Report. Premium Times [online]. Retrieved from https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/231556-nigerias-political-elites-hid-behind-military-to-steal-billions-of-dollars-report.html.
  • United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR). (2018). UNHCR and Partners seek US157 Million to aid Boko Haram displaced. Retrieved from https://www.unhcr.org/ news/press/2018/2/5a7184f34/unhcr-partners-seek-us157-million-aid-boko-haram-displaced.html.
  • United Nations. (2016). Ban hails EU donation to African-led Lake Chad Basin task force combating Boko Haram. United Nations Office of Counter Terrorism. Retrieved February 13, 2019, from https://www.un.org/counterterrorism/ ctitf/en/ban-hails-eu-donation-african-led-lake-chad-basin-task-force-combating-boko-haram.
Toplam 120 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Dingji Maza Kangdim 0000-0003-1059-8707

Cemal Yorgancıoğlu 0000-0002-2885-7853

Kwopnan Bulus 0000-0001-5579-8329

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Mayıs 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 41

Kaynak Göster

IEEE D. M. Kangdim, C. Yorgancıoğlu, ve K. Bulus, “The Strategic Security Engagement between the African Union and the European Union in Conflict Management in Africa: The Challenges”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 1, sy. 41, ss. 227–259, 2022, doi: 10.17134/khosbd.1101701.