EĞİTİM BİNALARINDA İÇ HAVA KALİTESİ ÇALIŞMALARI: LİTERATÜR TARAMASI

Öz

İnsanlar zamanlarının çoğunu kapalı alanlarda geçiriyor. Bu kapalı alanlar insanların doğadan uzaklaştıkları ve yapay olarak oluşturdukları alanlardır. Kapalı alanların konfor koşulları kullanıcıların aktivitelerinin yanı sıra sağlık durumlarını da etkilemektedir. Kapalı mekânda kullanıcının optimum ısıl, görsel ve akustik performanslarının sağlanması ne kadar önemliyse, iç hava kalitesinin sağlanması için havalandırma performansının da o kadar iyi olması gerekir. Özellikle çok sayıda kullanıcıya hitap eden binalarda iç ortamdaki havalandırmanın önemi mutlaka göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Havalandırma, salgın hastalıkların mekanda yayılmasını önlemek, kötü kokuları azaltmak ve iç mekandaki havada bulunan zararlı partikülleri dışarı atmak için yapılır. Havalandırma performansı, aynı anda çok sayıda kullanıcıya hitap ettiği için eğitim binalarında da büyük önem taşır. Özellikle sınıflarda yetersiz havalandırma sonucu salgın hastalıklar bulaşmaktadır. İç hava kalitesinin çalışma performansını ve ders başarısını etkilediği de açıktır. Bu çalışma, eğitim binalarında iç hava kalitesi ve havalandırma performansının önemini vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, iç hava kalitesi ile ilgili bir literatür taraması yapılmış ve Türkiye'de özellikle ilköğretim ve üniversite düzeyindeki okullarda yapılan iç hava kalitesi çalışmaları karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma, eğitim binalarında iç hava kalitesi konusunda gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara yol göstermesi açısından değerlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İç hava kalitesi
• havalandırma
• havalandırma performansı
• bina kabuğu
• eğitim binaları.

INDOOR AIR QUALITY STUDIES IN EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Öz

People spend most of their time in closed areas. These closed areas are where people move away from nature and create artificially. The comfort conditions of indoor spaces affect the activities of users as well as their health status. As important as it is to ensure the optimum thermal, visual and acoustic performances of the user in the indoor space, the ventilation performance must be as good as the ventilation performance to ensure indoor air quality. Especially in buildings that appeal to many users, the importance of ventilation in the indoor environment must be considered. Ventilation is done to prevent the spread of epidemic diseases in the space, reduce foul odours, and expel harmful particles in the air indoors. Ventilation performance is also of great importance in educational buildings, as it appeals to a large number of users at the same time. Especially in classrooms, epidemics are transmitted as a result of insufficient ventilation. It is also clear that indoor air quality affects study performance and course success. This study aims to emphasise the importance of indoor air quality and ventilation performance in educational buildings. In this context, a literature review on indoor air quality was conducted, and indoor air quality studies conducted in Turkey, especially in primary and university-level schools, were compared. The study is valuable for guiding future studies on indoor air quality in educational buildings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Indoor air quality
• ventilation
• ventilation performance
• building envelope
• educational buildings.

Kaynakça

1. ÅHman1*, M., L Undin, A., M Usabašić, V., & S¨ Derman, E. (2000). Improved health after intervention in a school with moisture problems. Indoor air, 10(1), 57-62.
2. Akman, Y., Ketenoğlu, O., Evren, H., Kurt, L., & Düzenli, S. (2000). Environmental pollution (environmental biology)(in Turkish). Palme Publishing, Ankara, 189.
3. Akman, A. (2005). Human health, healthy building and building biology (in Turkish). Construction Journal, 279, 89-92.
4. Altaca, S. İ. (2015). Indoor air quality management application in primary schools (in Turkish) (Doctoral dissertation, Bahçeşehir University Institute of Science).
5. Balanli, A., & Tuna Taygun, G. (2005). Building biology and asbestos. Architect (in Turkish). ist, 16, 107-110.
6. Balanli, A., Ozturk, A., Karabiber, Z., Unver, R., Gedik, G., Yavuz, G., & Vural, M. (2006). An examination and evaluation of YTU library and documentation building in terms of building biology. Building and environment, 41(8), 1079-1098.
7. Bayer, C. W., Crow, S. A., & Fischer, J. (2000). Causes of indoor air quality problems in schools: Summary of scientific research (Revised ed.) (Report No. ORNL/M-6633/R1). U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
8. Betuz, N. E. (2012). Assessment of indoor air quality in crowded educational spaces [Master’s thesis]. Middle East Technical University.

9. Bold, A., Toros, H., & Şen, O. (2003). Effects of Magnetic Field on Human Health (in Turkish). III. Atmospheric Sciences Symposium, Istanbul, 62 – 68.
10. Buchanan, B. (2007). Sick Buildings, Sick Students: Poor air quality and other environmental irritants can lead to health concerns for your students and staff. American School Board Journal, 194(6), 48.
11. Burge, P. S. (2004). Sick building syndrome. Occupational and environmental medicine, 61(2), 185-190.
12. Calderón-Garcidueñas, L., Mora-Tiscareño, A., Ontiveros, E., Gómez-Garza, G., Barragán-Mejía, G., Broadway, J., ... & Engle, R. W. (2008). Air pollution, cognitive deficits and brain abnormalities: a pilot study with children and dogs. Brain and cognition, 68(2), 117-127.
13. Cummins, S. K., & Jackson, R. J. (2001). The built environment and children's health. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 48(5), 1241-1252.
14. Dannecker, G. (2006). Kawasaki syndrome. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde, 154, 872-879.
15. De Nevers, N. (2010). Air pollution control engineering. Waveland press.
16. De Giuli, V., Da Pos, O., & De Carli, M. (2012). Indoor environmental quality and pupil perception in Italian primary schools. Building and Environment, 56, 335-345.
17. EPA, H. B. (2001). Healthy People, a Vision for the 21st Century. US Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, USA.
18. EPA, H. B. (1997). An Office Building Occupant’s Guide to Indoor Air Quality. US Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, USA.
19. EPA (2003b). Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools: Communications Guide, Retrieved June 3, 2012 from the World Wide Web: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/pdfs/publications/communicationsguide.pdf
20. Ercan, M. S. (2012). Green is your compass “environmental indicator” (in Turkish). X. International Symposium on Installation Technology in Construction, Proceedings Book, 30, 169-175.
21. Eric, M. (1994). Building Physics and Materials (in Turkish). Literatür Publishing, Istanbul, 173.
22. Esin, T. (2004). The role of building materials in the formation of indoor air quality affecting human health (in Turkish). Construction Journal, 275, 99-103.
23. Gokdayi, İ. (1997). The future of the environment: Approaches and policies (in Turkish). Turkish Environment Foundation.
24. Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U., Shaughnessy, R. J., Cole, E. C., Toyinbo, O., & Moschandreas, D. J. (2015). An assessment of indoor environmental quality in schools and its association with health and performance. Building and Environment, 93, 35-40.
25. Hwang, J. S., Chen, Y. J., Wang, J. D., Lai, Y. M., Yang, C. Y., & Chan, C. C. (2000). Subject-domain approach to the study of air pollution effects on schoolchildren's illness absence. American Journal of Epidemiology, 152(1), 67-74.
26. Jones, A. P. (1999). Indoor air quality and health. Atmospheric environment, 33(28), 4535-4564.
27. Keskin Y., Özyaral O.,Başkaya R.,Lüleci N.E.,Avcı S.,Susur M. (2005). ‘‘Investigation of the Microbiological Quality of the Indoor Atmosphere of a Public Building and the Perception of the Work Environment in Terms of Sick Building Syndrome’’ (in Turkish). Asthma Allergy Immunology, 3: 56 – 67.
28. Kosonen, R., & Tan, F. (2004). The effect of perceived indoor air quality on productivity loss. Energy and Buildings, 36(10), 981-986.
29. Kuş, M. (2007). Investigation and modelling of indoor air quality in classrooms of higher education institutions in Şanlıurfa province (in Turkish) [Doctoral thesis]. Balıkesir University Institute of Science.
30. Meyer, H. W., Würtz, H., Suadicani, P., Valbjørn, O., Sigsgaard, T., & Gyntelberg, F. (2004). Molds in floor dust and building-related symptoms in adolescent school children. Indoor air, 14(1).
31. Ozer, U. (1995). Introduction to Environmental Sciences (in Turkish). Uludağ University Publications, Bursa.
32. Ozyaral, O., & Keskin, Y. (2005). Health effects of indoor atmosphere: cacosmia (bad odour) syndrome (in Turkish). Asthma Allergy Immunology, 3(2), 86-96.
33. Peters, A., Dockery, D. W., Heinrich, J., & Wichmann, H. E. (1997). Short-term effects of particulate air pollution on respiratory morbidity in asthmatic children. European Respiratory Journal, 10(4), 872-879.
34. Quagraine, V., & Boschi, N. (2008). Behavioral changes can help prevent indoor air-related illnesses in Ghana. Building and environment, 43(3), 355-361.
35. Rowley, A. H., & Shulman, S. T. (1998). Kawasaki syndrome. Clinical microbiology reviews, 11(3), 405-414.
36. Senkal, F. (2001). The effects of moisture and mould on human health (in Turkish). Building Journal, 233, 89-90.
37. Sofuoglu, S. C., Aslan, G., Inal, F., & Sofuoglu, A. (2011). An assessment of indoor air concentrations and health risks of volatile organic compounds in three primary schools. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 214(1), 36-46.
38. Taygun, G. T., & Balanlı, A. (2008). Building Product-Environment Interaction in Life Cycle Processes (in Turkish). Megaron, 3(1).
39. Tezer, H., & Seçmeer, G. (2005). Innovations in Kawasaki disease (in Turkish). Hacettepe Medical Journal, 36, 105-110.
40. Thörn, Å. (1998). The sick building syndrome: a diagnostic dilemma. Social science & medicine, 47(9), 1307-1312.
41. Tuncer, A., & Soyer, Ö. U. (2005). Sick building syndrome. Asthma Allergy Immunology (in Turkish). 3(2), 97-102.
42. US Consumer Product Safety Commission. (1996). Indoor Air Pollution: An Introduction for Health Professionals. DIANE Publishing.
43. World Health Organization. (1983). Indoor air pollutants: exposure and health effects EURO Reports and Studies No 78. WHO Regional Office for Europe: Copenhagen.
44. Yaren, H., & Karayilanoğlu, T. (2005). Radiation and its effects on human health (in Turkish). TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 4(4), 199-208.
45. Yildiz, M. (2020). Investigation of Indoor Air Quality in Primary Schools (in Turkish) [Doctoral thesis] Harran University.