COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ DÖNEMİNDE YAŞLI BİREYLERİN FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE DÜZEYİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Amaç: COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında sosyal izolasyon yaşlıların fiziksel ve psikolojik durumlarını olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu çalışma Türkiye'de yaşayan yaşlı bireylerin fiziksel aktivitelerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlandı. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada yaşlı bireylerin kırılganlık düzeyleri (Kırılganlık Ölçeği), depresif semptomları (Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği [GDS]), fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri (PASE Anketi), kinezyofobileri (TAMPA Ölçeği) ve kaygıları (Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği); yapılandırılmış bir Google anketi ile değerlendirildi. Fiziksel aktivite düzeyini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek için regresyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların (%28’si erkek; %72’si kadın; ortalama yaş: 69.34±15.03 yıl) %52’si fiziksel olarak daha az aktif olduğunu belirtirken, %93'ü pandemi sürecinde sosyal katılımlarının azaldığını belirttiler. Ortalama fiziksel aktivite puanı 89.12±55.33 olarak saptandı (en yüksek puan ev içi aktiviteler için hesaplandı: 32.00±21.34; en düşük puan işle ilgili aktiviteler için hesaplandı: 2.10±6.33). Kinezyofobi puanları 41.44±7.39’du. Katılımcıların yaklaşık yarısı “depresyon için kapsamlı bir değerlendirmeyi garanti eder” kategorisinde yer alırken, %18’i “depresyonu düşündüren” kategorisinde ve %30’u “depresyon yok” kategorisindeydi (GDS ortalama puanı: 14.41±6.01). Ek olarak, katılımcı yaşlı bireylerin %29’unda şiddetli kaygı, %25’inde orta düzeyde kaygı ve %24’ünde hafif düzeyde kaygı olduğu belirlendi. Ortalama kırılganlık skoru 2.09±1.69’du (normal %19; ön kırılgan %53; kırılgan %28). Tek değişkenli lineer regresyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizine göre fiziksel aktivite düzeyini en çok etkileyen faktörlerin yaş, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) skoru, hareket korkusu ve kırılganlık olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, COVID-19 pandemisinin ilk yılında yaşlı bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin düştüğünü gösterdi. Ayrıca artan yaş, VKİ skoru, kinezyofobi ve kırılganlık yaşlı bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinde azalmaya neden olmuştur. Bu bulgular, sağlık politika yapıcılarına ve sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcılarına pandemi dönemi sonrasında yaşlı bireyler için uygun bakım planı yapılması gerektiğini önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşlı
• COVID-19
• Aktivite
• Depresyon
• Kırılganlık

DETERMINING FACTORS AFFECTING OF THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL OF OLDER ADULTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Öz

Objective: Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the physical and psychological conditions of the elderly. This study was planned to determine the factors affecting the physical activities of elderly individuals living in Turkey. Method: In this study, frailty level (Fragility Scale), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS]), physical activity level (PASE Questionnaire), kinesiophobia (TAMPA Scale), and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Scale) of elderly individuals were evaluated by a structured Google survey. Regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the level of physical activity. Results: While 52% of the participants (28% male; 72% female; mean age: 69.34±15.03 years) stated that they were less physically active, 93% stated that their social participation decreased during the pandemic process. The mean physical activity score was 89.12±55.33 (the highest score was calculated for indoor activities: 32.00±21.34; the lowest score was calculated for work-related activities: 2.10±6.33). Kinesiophobia score was 41.44±7.39. Approximately half of the participants were in the category of “guarantees a comprehensive assessment for depression”, while 18% were in the category of “suggesting depression” and 30% were in the category of “no depression” (GDS mean score: 14.41±6.01). In addition, it was determined that 29% of the elderly had severe anxiety, 25% had moderate anxiety, and 24% had mild anxiety. The mean frailty score was 2.09±1.69 (normal 19%; pre-fragile 53%; frail 28%). According to univariate linear regression analysis and multiple regression analysis, the most factors affecting the level of physical activity were age, BMI score, fear of movement and fragility. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study showed that the physical activity level of the elderly decreased in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, increasing age, BMI score, kinesiophobia and fragility caused a decrease in the physical activity level of the elderly. These findings suggest that health policy makers and health care providers should organize appropriate care plans for the elderly after the pandemic period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elderly
• COVID-19
• Activity
• Depression
• Frailty

Kaynakça

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